2. Lecture(1)
Dr. Abdelhamid R. Khattab
Sinai University (SU)
E-Mail: Abdelhamid.khattab@su.edu.eg
(INT 433) Broadband Network &
Communication
Introduction Computer Networks
3. Cours
e
code
Course Title
Credit hours
Prerequisite
Examination Marks
*
Total
.
marks
Exam
Time
(hrs)
L P/T Total CW T.E
Or
al/
p
F.E
INT 434
Network Operations &
Administration 2 2 3 INT 232Computer Network
1
5
25 - 60 100 3
INT 435
Information & Networks
Security 2 2 3 INT 232Computer Network 1
5
25 - 60 100 3
INT 433
Broadband Network &
Communication 2 2 3
Computer Network
Data Communication
1
5
25 - 60 100 3
INT 437
Wireless & Mobile
Networks 2 2 3 INT 232Computer Network 1
5
25 - 60 100 3
INT 489 Selected Topics in IT 2 2 3 No Prerequisite 1
5
25 - 60 100 3
INT 499 IT Project (2) 2 2 3 IT Project (1) 1
5
25 - 60 100 3
Total
1
2
1
2
1
8
4. July 27, 2025 www.su.edu.eg 4
Important Course Information
Group Day Hours Locations
A(1) Saturday 14-16 B2212
A(2) Sunday 10-12 B2112
5. July 27, 2025 www.su.edu.eg 5
Course Policy
Grading:
10% Quizzes & Coursework (CW)
5% assignments & Oral/Practical
25% on Midterm Exam (T.E).
60% on the Final Exam (F.E).
100% Total Mark
TALKING and SLEEPING are strongly forbidden during class.
Late assignments
40%
6. 24
Time Table
July 27, 2025 www.su.edu.eg 6
lecture topic
1 Introduction Computer Networks
2 Introduction to Broadband Networks
3 Internet – network architecture
4 Telephone system structure
5 Switching
6 Structure of a switch
7 SONET/SDH (1)
8 SONET/SDH (2)
9 SONET virtual tributaries
10 Virtual-Circuit Networks: FRAME RELAY, ATM
11 Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
12 Broadband-ISDN
7. Digital Logic Design
• A network consists of two or more computers that are linked in
order to share resources (such as printers and CDs), exchange
files, or allow electronic communications.
• The computers on a network may be linked through cables,
telephone lines, radio waves, satellites etc.
• A popular example of a computer network is the Internet, which
allows millions of users to share information.
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Computer Networks
9. Digital Logic Design
1. At least two computers that have something to share.
2. A cable or wireless pathway, called Transmission Media, for
computers to signal each other.
3. Rules, called Protocols, so that computers can use the unified
principle of data communication.
4. Networking Interface Cards (NIC)
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Every Network Includes:
10. Digital Logic Design
Networks can be classified into the following categories based on their
usage environment:
Internet, Telecommunication Providers, Companies, Universities, and Home Networks.
Each type of network is defined by key characteristics, including:
Administration: The way the network is managed and who is responsible for its
operation.
Redundancy and Stability: The network’s design to ensure reliability and continuous
operation, often through backup paths and fault tolerance mechanisms.
Service Quality (QoS): The ability to provide different levels of service to ensure
traffic quality, including bandwidth, low latency, and minimal packet loss.
Monitoring: Extent of network monitoring
Standards: Standards on which the network is based
Operator: The entity or personnel responsible for operating and maintaining the
network infrastructure.
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Types of Networks
11. Digital Logic Design
🞕 File Sharing: Networks offer a quick and easy way to share files directly.
🞕 Resource Sharing: All computers in the network can share resources such
as printers, fax machines, modems and scanners.
🞕 Communication: Those on the network can communicate with each other
via e-mail, instant messages etc.
🞕 Flexible Access: Networks allow their users to access files from computers
throughout the network.
🞕 Sharing of Information: Computer networks enable us to share data and
information with the computers that are located geographically large
distance apart.
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Advantages of Computer Networks
12. Digital Logic Design
🞕 Centralized Computing (Client-Server Network)
A client-server network is where every client is connected to the server .
Server or mainframe computer has huge storage and processing capabilities.
Network Computing Models
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13. Digital Logic Design
🞕 Distributed Computing (Peer-to-Peer Network)
All devices have same power.
It interconnects one or more computers.
Centralized backup is not possible.
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14. Digital Logic Design
🞕 Simultaneous Access
🞕 Shared Peripheral Devices
🞕 Personal Communication
🞕 Easier Backup
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Uses of Computer Network
15. Digital Logic Design
🞕 A LAN standard is a set of specifications that defines how a local area network
should operate. These standards cover:
The types of cabling used for connections
The structure and format of data transmitted over the cables
The hardware components that interconnect network devices
🞕 These standards are independent of the network architecture, allowing flexibility
across different systems and technologies.
🞕 Common Ethernet Variants:
IEEE 802.3 – Ethernet Specification
Provides detailed guidelines for cable types, data frame structures, and the
procedures for transmitting data across wired connections.
It is the most widely used standard in modern LANs.
IEEE 802.5 – Token Ring Specification
Defines a token-passing method for network access control.
While less common today, it was once popular in enterprise environments.
LAN standard
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16. Digital Logic Design
🞕 E-mail
🞕 Searchable Data (Web Sites)
🞕 E-Commerce
🞕 News Groups
🞕 Internet Telephony (VoIP)
🞕 Video Conferencing
🞕 Chat Groups
🞕 Instant Messengers
🞕 Internet Radio
APPLICATIONS OF NETWOKS
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17. Digital Logic Design
🞕 Depending upon the geographical area covered by a network, it is
classified as:
Local Area Network (LAN)
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Personal Area Network (PAN)
Different Types of Networks
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18. Digital Logic Design
🞕 A LAN is a network that is used for communicating among computer devices,
usually within an office building or home.
🞕 LAN’s enable the sharing of resources such as files or hardware devices that may be
needed by multiple users
🞕 Is limited in size, typically spanning a few hundred meters, and no more than a
mile
🞕 Is fast, with speeds from 10 Mbps to 10 Gbps
🞕 Requires little wiring, typically a single cable connecting to each device
🞕 Has lower cost compared to MAN’s or WAN’s
Local Area Network (LAN)
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19. Digital Logic Design
🞕LAN’s can be either wired or wireless. Twisted pair, coax or fibre optic cable can be
used in wired LAN’s.
🞕Every LAN uses a protocol – a set of rules that governs how packets are
configured and transmitted.
🞕Nodes in a LAN are linked together with a certain topology include:
Bus
Ring
Star
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20. Digital Logic Design
🞕 Advantages of LAN
Speed
Cost
Security
E-mail
Resource Sharing
🞕 Disadvantages of LAN
Expensive To Install
Requires Administrative Time
File Server May Fail
Cables May Break
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21. Digital Logic Design
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
🞕 A metropolitan area network (MAN) is a large computer network that usually
spans a city or a large campus.
🞕A MAN is optimized for a larger geographical area than a LAN, ranging from
several blocks of buildings to entire cities.
🞕A MAN might be owned and operated by a single organization, but it usually will
be used by many individuals and organizations.
🞕A MAN often acts as a high speed network to allow sharing of regional resources.
🞕A MAN typically covers an area of between 5 and 50 km diameter.
🞕Examples of MAN: Telephone company network that provides a high speed DSL
to customers and cable TV network.
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22. Digital Logic Design
Wide Area Network (WAN)
🞕WAN covers a large geographic area such as country, continent or even whole
of the world.
🞕A WAN is two or more LANs connected together. The LANs can be many
miles apart.
🞕To cover great distances, WANs may transmit data over leased high-speed
phone lines or wireless links such as satellites.
🞕Multiple LANs can be connected together using devices such as bridges,
routers, or gateways, which enable them to share data.
🞕The world's most popular WAN is the Internet.
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23. Digital Logic Design
Personal Area Network (PAN)
🞕A PAN is a network that is used for communicating among computers and
computer devices (including telephones) in close proximity of around a few
meters within a room
🞕It can be used for communicating between the devices themselves, or for
connecting to a larger network such as the internet.
🞕PAN’s can be wired or wireless
🞕A personal area network (PAN) is a computer network used for
communication among computer devices, including telephones and personal
digital assistants, in proximity to an individual's body.
🞕 The devices may or may not belong to the person in question. The reach of a
PAN is typically a few meters.
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26. Digital Logic Design
Data Communication vs Networking
🞕 Communication: Two Nodes.
Mostly Electrical Engineering (EE) issues.
🞕 Networking: Two or more nodes. More issues, e.g., routing
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27. Digital Logic Design
Distributed Systems vs Networks
🞕 Distributed Systems:
Users are unaware of underlying structure.
Mostly operating systems issues.
Nodes are generally under one organization’s control.
🞕 Networks: Users specify the location of resources.
Nodes are autonomous.
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