Lesson 5 wave characteristics

WAVES CHARACTERISTICS
Focus Points:
1. Relate the characteristics of waves.
2. Explain the relationship among frequency,
amplitude, wavelength, and wave velocity.

Waves
I. Waves and it’s Types
Waves
Types of waves
II. Characteristics of Waves
Parts of waves
Measuring waves

What is wave?
 A wave is a phenomenon in which
energy is transferred through
vibration.

Types of Waves
 Transverse Waves
Longitudinal Waves

Transverse Waves
 are waves which travel in a direction
perpendicular to the direction of
vibrations.
Direction of vibrations
Direction of wave

Transverse Waves
examples include
water waves
rope waves
light wave
electromagnetic waves

Longitudinal Waves
 are waves which travel in a direction
parallel to the direction of vibrations.
Direction of vibration
Direction of wave
examples include
sound waves

Characteristics of A Wave
Crests and Troughs
Amplitude
Wavelength
Frequency
Period
Speed

Wave Diagram
trough
Wavelength
Crest Amplitude
Wavelength

Parts of a
Transverse Wave
The crest is
the highest
point on a
wave.

Parts of a
Transverse Wave
The trough is
the valley
between two
waves
It is the lowest
point on a wave.

Crests and Trough
 Crests are high point of a wave
 Troughs are low point of a wave
displacement
distance
crest crest
trough

The amplitude is the peak (greatest)
value (either positive or negative) of a
wave. The distance from the
undisturbed level to the trough or crest.
Parts of a Transverse Wave

Amplitude is the maximum distance covered
by a particle from its resting position.
The positive amplitude is the distance from
crest to crest while the negative amplitude is
the distance from rest position to the trough
position.
The greater the amplitude, the greater the
amount of energy carried by the wave.

Amplitude (A)
 is the height of a crest or depth of a trough
measured from the normal undisturbed
positions.
displacement
distance
crest crest
Amplitude
Amplitude
trough

SI Unit For Amplitude
 is measured in meter (m)
displacement
distance
crest crest
Amplitude
trough
Amplitude

The wavelength is the horizontal distance,
either between the crests or troughs of two
consecutive waves.
Wavelength ()

SI Unit For Wavelength
 is measured in meter (m)
displacement
Amplitude
distance
Amplitude
crest crest
trough trough
Wavelength
Wavelength ()

Frequency
-the number of full wavelengths
that pass a point in a particular
period of time (rate)
-Represented by the symbol (ƒ)

Frequency abbreviated as f, is the number of
waves passing through a given point during
the interval of one second. The unit for
frequency is hertz (Hz), credited to German
physicist Heinrich Rudolf Hertz.
The higher the frequency, the more energy in
the wave.

Frequency (f)
 is the number of vibrations in one
second.

SI Unit For Frequency
 is the Hertz (Hz)
 1 Hz is 1 vibration in 1 second.
 50 Hz is 50 vibrations in 1 second.

Test Yourselves
 Explain the meaning of




28 Hz,
100 Hz ,
135 Hz,
1570 Hz.

Period (T)
 is the time taken for one complete
vibration. (oscillation or cycle)

SI Unit For Period
 is measured in second (s)

Relationship between Period (T)
and Frequency (f)
 f = 100 Hz  T = 1/100 s
 f = 40 Hz  T = 1/40 s
 f = 23
 f = 8
Hz
Hz


T = 1/23
T = 1/8
s
s
 f = f Hz  T = 1/f s

Relationship Between
f and T
f
T  1

Speed Of a Wave
 is the distance moved in one second.

SI Unit For Speed
 is measured in meter per second
 ( m/s)

Measuring Waves
Speed of a wave ( v )
Speed of a wave as it moves forward
depends on wave type and medium
v =  × f
v: speed of a wave (m/s)
: wavelength (m)
f: frequency (Hz)

Measuring Waves
Speed of a wave ( v )
= wavelength  period
v =   T
v: Speed of a wave (m/s)
: wavelength (m)
T: period (s)

Symbols and units
Variable Symbol Unit Symbol
for Unit
Frequency f Hertz Hz
Wavelength 
(“lamda”)
meter m
Velocity v
(or c for light)
meter/second m/s
Time T second s

Solution:
v =  × f
v = (3.2 m)(0.60 Hz)
v = 1.92 m/s
Measuring Waves
EX: Find the velocity of a wave in a wave pool if its
wavelength is 3.2 m and its frequency is 0.60 Hz.
GIVEN:
v = ?
 = 3.2 m
f = 0.60 Hz

v
f

Solution:
f = v ÷ 
f = (5000 m/s) ÷ (417 m)
f = 11.9 or 12 Hz
 EX: An earthquake produces a wave that has a wavelength of
417 m and travels at 5000 m/s. What is its frequency?
GIVEN:
 = 417 m
v = 5000 m/s
f = ?

v
f
Measuring Waves

1. Solve my problem!
A piano string vibrates with a frequency of
264 Hz. If the waves have a wavelength of
1.30 m, what is the speed of sound in air?
Formula:
v=  f
Solution:
v= (1.30 m) (264 Hz)
v= 343 m/s

v
f
Given:
 = 1.30 m
f = 264 Hz
v = ?

2. Solve my problem!
A string with a wavelength of 1.30 m and a
period of 0.00379 s is played. What is the
speed of the wave?

v T
Formula:
V = /T
Solution:
speed=1.30 m/0.00379 s
speed = 343 m/s
Given:
 = 1.30 m
T = 0.00379 s
v = ?

Lesson 5 wave characteristics

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Lesson 5 wave characteristics