Lessons from experiments with system of rice intensification in the state of odisha
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This document summarizes lessons learned from experiments with the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) method in Odisha, India. Key findings include: 1) SRI yielded 9-36% higher than conventional methods through practices like young seedlings and wider spacing. 2) Integrated organic and inorganic nutrient management performed best, yielding 22-25% higher than organic or inorganic alone. 3) SRI required 15% more labor for planting but 68-88% less labor for weeding, reducing costs. 4) Proper training, flexible water management, and mechanization can help address challenges and ensure wider SRI adoption.
![Background :
• Extension workers of the state Government and University were in
doubt, whether SRI can be adopted with organic / inorganic
sources of nutrients
• I was asked to solve the doubt
Situation-II [2009]
Objectives :
For Rice with SRI method
Whether,
- nutrients sources to be purely organic ?
- nutrients sources to be purely inorganic.
- nutrients sources to be integrated ?](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lessonsfromexperimentswithsystemofriceintensificationinthestateofodisha-140823014144-phpapp01/85/Lessons-from-experiments-with-system-of-rice-intensification-in-the-state-of-odisha-3-320.jpg)
Lessons from experiments with system of rice intensification in the state of odisha
- 1. Professor , Soil Science, OIC, AINP on Biodiversity-Biofertilizer Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, OUAT, Bhubaneswar Email: sushanta_1959@yahoo.com Lessons From Experiments with the Systems of Rice Intensification (SRI) in the state of Odisha Dr. Sushanta Kumar Pattanayak
- 2. Situation-I • It was 2008, I was working as PC, KVK Sambalpur. • Form tribal area of Rairakhol, I could collect 200g of Kala Subas dhan (Kalajira). • Only 20 g seed was saved and used for multiplication. • Twelve days old (12) single seedlings were planted. • Thirty seven (37) kg scented rice was produced. • It was distributed among 180 farmers. Lesson Learnt : A good amount of precious seed could be produced from very small amount of paddy seeds with the adoption of SRI-method.
- 3. Background : • Extension workers of the state Government and University were in doubt, whether SRI can be adopted with organic / inorganic sources of nutrients • I was asked to solve the doubt Situation-II [2009] Objectives : For Rice with SRI method Whether, - nutrients sources to be purely organic ? - nutrients sources to be purely inorganic. - nutrients sources to be integrated ?
- 4. Site : Rice Block KVK farm Chipilima, Sambalpur. Situation : Mid upland (Good drainage with irrigation facility) Season : Kharif Soil Texture – Loamy Sand Reaction – (pHw) : 6.92 (Near neutral) Organic Carbon : 5.3 gkg-1 soil (medium) Available N (kg/ha) : 254 P : 14.7 medium K : 157 S : 11.4 (low) Test variety : Monoswini (120 days duration) Fertilizer dose : N – P2O5 – K2O – Borax – ZnSO4 (kg/ha) 60 – 30 – 30 – 10 - 25 Experimental details :
- 5. 1. Conventional Practice. 2. SRI with organic sources of nutrients. 3. SRI with inorganic sources of nutrients. 4. SRI with integrated sources. Treatments Compared Practice Dose (kg/ha) Nutrient sources Seedling Num ber/ hill Age (days) Organic Inorganic Conventional 60 – 30 - 30 X DAP, Urea, MOP 2 21 SRI – Organic 60 – 30 - 30 (a) VC (1 t/ha) (b) Glaricidia (GLM) 5 t/ha) (c) Neem oil cake 0.5 t/ha (d) FYM : (Total N of 60 kg/ha was adjusted through FYM) X 01 12 SRI – Inorganic 60 – 30 - 30 X Navaratna (20-20-0-13) Urea, MOP, Borax ZnSO4 01 12 SRI - Integrated 60 – 30 - 30 FYM, VC, NC, GLM (30-15-15) Navaratna (20-20-0-13) Urea, MOP , Borax, ZnSO4 (30-15-15) 01 12
- 6. The nursery should be near to the planting site- otherwise seedlings get injured which prevented quick establishment of seedlings. Problems encountered (During planting) For keeping root system intact sufficient care need to be taken during nursery preparation with lot of organics. Fifteen (15 %) per cent more labour was needed for planting with SRI method, compared to conventional practice There was lag period for seedling establishment at least 14 days which creates harassment in farmers with the apprehension of crop failure
- 7. SRI (INORGANIC) SRI-INTEGRATED Tillering behaviour of Manaswini variety of rice under different cultivation systems Cultivation system Average tiller number/plant (Days of growth) 0 10th 20th 40th 60th Normal 2 4.2 5.4 10.0 12.0 SRI- Organic 1 3.2 13.2 19.7 28.6 SRI- Inorganic 1 3.4 13.8 19.9 26.1 SRI - Integrated 1 3.5 14.3 22.2 28.8
- 9. Observations on weeding practice Sl.No. System of cultivation Manual weeding time (hr m-1) Man hour (hrha-1) Remark 1 Conventional 1.2 196 Costly affair (Rs=6540/-) 2 SRI-Inorganic* 0.47 68 Rs. 2270 + cost of herbicide 3 SRI-Integrated* 0.48 70 Rs 2300 + cost of weedicide 4 SRI-organic No hand weeding 70 Weeding with Only conno/mandua weeder.
- 10. Difficulty faced • Practically it was difficult to keep the rice field free of weeds using mandua/conno weeder without using weedicide or hand weeding. • Weed seed transmission possibilities were there (If not properly weeded). • Labourers were generally hesitating to use conno/mandua weeder, because it was laboursom process (Even if under favourable condition like irrigating field before using hand operated weeders). Lession : Power operated machines will help both planting and weeding
- 11. SRI (ORGANIC) GENERAL Yield performance of manaswini variety of rice under different cultivation system Cultivation Practice Yield (qha-1) Total HI Straw : Grain Grain Straw Chaff Conventional 38.0 57.0 1.9 96.9 0.39 1.50 SRI-Organic 41.5(9)** 60.0 1.1 102.6 0.41 1.45 SRI-Inorganic 42.8(13) 66.0 1.8 110.6 0.39 1.54 SRI-Integrated 52.0*(36) 62.0 0.7 114.7 0.45 1.19 Lessons learnt 1. Rice cultivation with SRI was superior to conventional practice with respect to yield (9-36 per cent higher than conventional practice). 2 Integrated system of nutrient management was superior to both Organic (25 per cent) as well as inorganic (22 per cent). Observtion : The crop did not lodge with Organic and Integrated system
- 12. Avail.- N (kg/ha) : 220-232 (low) Avail.- P (kg/ha) : 13.8-15.1(medium) Avail.- K (kg/ha) : 108-127 (low) Avail.- S (kg/ha) : 7.30-8.8 (low) Avail-Zn (mg/kg) : 0.3-0.4 (low) Site: Five villages of Badatara Panchayat –Puri 1.Achyutapur 2.Bom 3.Badatara 4.Nilakantheswar 5.Gadarpass Situation : III
- 13. At the outset the farmers were agreed to conduct demonstration with the assumption that SRI method is nothing but, -line transplanting of rice, -irrespective of the age of the seedling, and -quantity of seed requirement. As a result they demanded for the seeds as per the conventional practice and sown the seeds in the nursery 25 days before planting. Difficulty faced Lesson learnt Lack of proper knowledge about SRI and inadequate demonstration to build up confidence level of farmers.
- 14. Sources of nutrients for comparative evaluation of the system of Rice cultivation Sl.No Cultivation Practice Sources of nutrients Doses (kgha-1) N – P2O5 – K2O – SO4 –– Borax - ZnSO4 (kg/ha) Remark 1 Farmers practice DAP,Urea, MOP 90-30-21-0-0-0 (PRA Survey) Blanket & unbalanced 2 SRI Inorganic Navaratna(20-20-0- 13)MOP,Borax,ZnSO4 75-30-40-29-10-25 Soil test based 3 SRI Organic GM (Dhanicha),Azolla, Neem oil cake Azospirillum, PSB (1:1) vermicompost House hold Ash 8tha-1 & 1 tha-1 1 tha-1 4 kg each ha-1 1 tha-1 1tha-1 (75-30-40) 4 SRI Integrated 50 % each of T2 & T3 75-30-40-20-10-25
- 15. TREATMENTS Avg. Tiller/ hill at 70th day Avg. Tiller/ hill at 120th day Effective Tiller/ hill No. of grains / panicle CONVENTIONAL 25.7 13.6(-47) 12.9(-5) 142.0 ORGANIC-SRI 27.9 21.8(-22) 20.9(-4) 161.0(13) INORGANIC-SRI 35.0 25.4(-27) 23.2(-9) 172.0(21) INTEGRATED –SRI 38.9 32.0(-18) 29.7(-7) 188..0(32) *Data in the parenthesis indicate % decrease / increase Tillering behabiour of Swarna
- 16. Rate of tillering of rice under the influence of two systems of cultivation supplied with nutrients from various sources. System and nutrient sources Rate of tillering (days after planting) 0 14 28 35 42 70 Conventional 0 0.33 0.35 0.38 0.54 0.36 SRI-Organic 0 0.18 0.24 0.42 0.56 0.40 SRI-Inorganic 0 0.31 0.37 0.51 0.58 0.50 SRI-Integrated 0 0.30 0.41 0.56 0.73 0.56 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0 14 28 35 42 70 Growyhratecm/day Days after planting Conventional SRI-Organic SRI-Inorganic SRI-Integrated Lesson: 1. Fourteen(14) initial days lag period, under SRI method gives poor comparative picture with conventional practices. 2. This can be solved by planting of no/less injured young seedlings while uprooting and planting.
- 17. TREATMENTS GRAIN (q/ha) STRAW ( q/ha) CHAFF (q/ha) Gr:St HI CONVENTIONAL 40.0(-33) 81.49 0. 40 1:2.04 0.33 ORGANIC-SRI 51.1(-14) 70.00 0. 44 1:1.37 0.42 INORGANIC-SRI 53.2(-10) 88.75 0 42 1:1.67 0.38 INTEGRATED –SRI 59.3 80.73 0 .37 1:1.36 0.43 CD (P=0.05) 3.0 4.6 0.03 -- -- CV (P=0.05) 7.0 7.2 8.9 -- --
- 18. TREATMENTS N P K Ca Mg S (kg/ha) CONVENTIONAL 105.1 19.9 120.0 40.8 23.6 4.2 ORGANIC-SRI 117.1 21.4 135.9 44.7 27.1 4.5 INORGANIC-SRI 127.3 23.4 154.4 41.5 33.1 5.2 INTEGRATED – SRI 120.9 23.0 142.3 47.1 30.3 4.2 CD (P=0.05) 6.9 1.2 8.1 2.6 1.63 0.22 SRI INORGANIC
- 19. TREATMENTS NUE PUE KUE CONVENTIONAL 44.4 304 222 ORGANIC-SRI 68.1 390 160 INORGANIC-SRI 70.9 406 166 INTEGRATED –SRI 79.0 453 185 NUTRIENT USE EFFICIENCY BY RICE (kg grain/kg nutrient) AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT SOURCES OF NUTRIENTS IN SRI
- 20. PRACTICES COST OF PRODUCTION(Rs.) GROSS INCOME (Rs.) B:C CONVENTIONAL 25 000 48 845 1.95 ORGANIC-SRI 27 560 60 088 2.18 INORGANIC- SRI 24 400 63 603 2.60 INTEGRATED –SRI 25 090 69 760 2.80
- 21. PRACTICES O.C (g/kg) Avail. N (kg/ha) Avail. P (kg/ha) Avail. K (kg/ha) CONVENTIONAL 4.0 204 14.7 77 ORGANIC-SRI 5.1 268 15.8 117 INORGANIC-SRI 4.1 200 16.2 88 INTEGRATED – SRI 4.7 251 15.1 98 INITIAL 4.4 226 14.1 118 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 4 5.1 4.1 4.7 4.4 O.C (g/kg) 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 204 268 200 251 226 Avail. N (kg/ha) 13 13.5 14 14.5 15 15.5 16 16.5 14.7 15.8 16.2 15.1 14.1 Avail. P(kg/ha) 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 77 117 88 98 118 Avail. K(kg/ha)
- 22. Lessons learnt : • The SRI method is strictly site specific , and less season specific. • It is not free from pest and disease attack, hence needs due attention. • Water management is critical, but flexibility should be there for its management particularly just before using weeders. • Allowing drying of soil till appearance of nail cracks may help aeration, better root growth but will enhance carbon loss from soil. • Integrated system of nutrient management based on soil test will facilitate balanced nutrient management for sustainable soil health preventing nutrient mining. • Mechanization of the system , starting from land preparation to planting, weeding, harvesting and processing with small sized machines will help the system to survive and sustain. • Constant and collaborative efforts should be made by University, State Department of Agriculture and NGOs for effective implementation and adoption of the method and systems through orientation and practical demonstrations.