Leveraging Reuse-related Maturity Issues for Achieving Higher Maturity & Capability Levels

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Knowledge Leveraging Reuse-related Maturity Issues for
Achieving Higher Maturity & Capability Levels
ICSR 2013 - 13° Int. Conference on Software Reuse
Pisa (Italy), 18-20 June 2013
Luigi BuglioneBuglione
Giuseppe LamiLami
Christiane Gresse von WangenheimGresse von Wangenheim
Fergal McCafferyMcCaffery
Jean C.R. HauckHauck

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Engineering At a glance
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ISTI-CNR At a glance
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DKIT At a glance
Dundalk Institute of
Technology is a 90 acre
campus situated between
Dublin and Belfast (each
approximately 50 miles
away).
The Institute consists of 4
Schools:
1. Business & Humanities
2. Informatics & Creative
Arts
3. Engineering
4. Health & ScienceThe Regulated Software Research Group which is
part of LERO (the Irish Software Engineering
Research Centre) is part of the School of Informatics
& Creative Media

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UFSC At a glance
Federal University of Santa Catarina
Florianópolis/Brazil [http://www.ufsc.br]
• 48 Master courses
• 38 PhD courses
• 62 Undergraduate courses
• EUR 268 million annual budget
• 25,737 Undergraduate students
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INCoD is to be a reference institute for excellence in research, validation
and dissemination to support digital convergence. [http://www.incod.ufsc.br]
The Software Quality Group focuses on scientific research, development and
transfer of SE models, methods and tools. [http://www.gqs.ufsc.br]
[http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V6E1Z5DEuvk]

www.eng.it6 ICSR 2013 - Pisa, June 19, 2013
© 2013 Buglione, Lami, Gresse, McCaffery, Hauck Rossa
Reuse Maturity Goals of the presentation
 G1. Present some info about Reuse best practices and
models
 G2. Using the LEGO approach to the Reuse domain
 G3. Show a practical LEGO usage about Reuse for
leveraging an organizational Business Process Model (BPM)

Agenda
• Introduction
– Some common forms of reuse…
• MCMs (Maturity & Capability Models) – Representations & Dimensions
– Why do we need choosing a MCM?
– Coverage and classification of MCMs
• MCMs & Reuse in Horizontal MCMs (H-MCMs)
– CMMI-DEV and ISO/IEC 15504
– Other Sources
• LEGO and Reuse
– The LEGO approach
– Applying LEGO to Reuse - Elements of Interest (EoI)
– Suggested Improvements
• Conclusions & Prospects
• Q & A
Reuse Maturity

Some common forms for Reuse...Introduction

...also in Estimation...Introduction
• Source: PMI’s PMBOK 4, Chapter 6.3 • Source: www.dilbert.com

Some (important) questions...MCMs
Which definition of reuse do you appy?
Is it yours a functional or technical reuse?
Have you a Reuse repository? Are you planning to
have a QIP-like experience?
How much are you mature about Reuse practices?

Agenda
• Introduction
– Other Sources
• LEGO and Reuse
• Q & A
Reuse Maturity

Why do we need choosing a MCMs?MCMs

Representations - StagedMCMs
• ML: 5
• PA: 24
• N.min PA : ML1 (0)
• N.max PA : ML3 (13)
ML Focus Id. PA Title
5 Optimizing OPM Organizational Performance Management
CAR Causal Analysis & Resolution
4 Predictable OPP Organizational Process Performance
QPM Quantitative Project Management
3 Defined RD Requirement Development
TS Technical Solution
PI Product Integration
VAL Validation
VER Verification
OPD Organizational Process Definition
OPF Organizational Process Focus
OT Organizational Training
IPM Integrated Project Management
RSKM Risk Management
DAR Decision Analysis & Resolution
2 Managed REQM Requirement Management
PP Project Planning
PMC Project Monitoring & Control
SAM Supplier Agreement Management
MA Measurement & Analysis
PPQA Process & Product Quality Assurance

Representations - ContinuousMCMs
• PA categories: 4
• PA: 24  22
• N.min PA per Category : Process Management (5)
• N.max PA per Category: Project Management (7)
Process Categories
Maturity Levels
Process
Management
Project
Management
Engineering Support
Optimizing OPM CAR
Predictable OPP QPM
Defined OPF
OPD
OT
IPM
RKSM
RD
TS
PI
VER
VAL
DAR
Managed PP
PMC
SAM
REQM CM
MA
PPQA
Initial Ad-hoc processes

Representations – Continuous (example)MCMs
Special cause
(GP.2.2 @ OT)
Common cause (GP.2.9 @
+PA)
• SourceSource: http://goo.gl/i6IvI

MCMs Classifying MCMs by Dimension
• HorizontalHorizontal: MMs going through the whole supply chain
 SwEng: ISO/IEC 15504 (SPICE), CMMI, FAA i-CMM, …
• VerticalVertical: MMs focusing on a single perspective/group of processes
 Test Mgmt: TMM, TPI, …
 Project Mgmt: PM-MM, OPM3, …
 Requirement Mgmt: ....
• DiagonalDiagonal: MMs focused on Organizational/Support processes
 People CMM, TSP, PSP, …
Source:BuglioneL.,AnEcologicalViewonProcessImprovement:SomeThoughtsfor
ImprovingProcessAppraisals,4WCSQ,4th
WorldCongressonSoftwareQuality,
WashingtonD.C.(USA),15-18September2008

Agenda
• Introduction
– Other Sources
• LEGO and Reuse
• Q & A
Reuse Maturity

CMMI-DEV and ISO 15504 - Reuse ref’sMCMs and Reuse
Model CMMI-DEV ISO/IEC 15504-12207
Domain Sw-SE Sw-SE
PRM (source) CMMI-DEV v1.3 ISO/IEC 12207
PRM (# Processes) 22 47
Process Categories 4 (Engineering, Process, Project,
Support)
9 (Primary: Acquisition, Supply, Operation,
Engineering; Organizational: Management,
Reuse, Resource & Infrastructure, Process
Improvement Management; Support: Supporting)
Reuse-related
process(es)
None (reuse practices are partly dealt
with)
3 (REU.1 – Domain Engineering; REU.2 – Reuse
Asset Management; REU.3 – Reuse Program
Management)
PAM ext. Appraisals SCAMPI v1.3 ISO/IEC 15504-2
ISO/IEC 15504-5
PAM reuse-related
issues
TS-SP.2.1 (Develop Alternative Solutons
and Selection Criteria)
TS-SP2.4 (Perform Make, Buy or Reuse
Analysis)
26 REU.1, REU.2, REU.3 related BPs

MCMs and Reuse
Model/
Framework
Repr. Type ML (#) Architect-Type Comments/Notes
RCMM (Reuse CMM) Staged 5 [1-5] Level-based ---
Management tool Staged 6 [0-5] Level-based Series of typical agile reqs verified + 14 BTOPP
elements for reusing factors
REBOOT approach
(and Reuse Maturity
Model)
Continuous --- --- 23 Key process areas in 5 process categories
RMM (Reuse Maturity
Model)
Staged 5 [1-5] Matrix-based 5 MLs, 10 key reuse drivers
3RMM Staged 5 [1-5] Level-based Several scalability factors and reuse variables
RCM (Reuse
Capability Model)
Staged 4 [1-4] Level-based 4 Critical Success Factor Classes for reuse capability
improvement provided
RMM (Reuse Maturity
Model)
Staged 6 [1-6] Level-based Suggestions for integrating reuse practices within
the (old) Sw-CMM
Lim’s model Staged 5 [1-5] Matrix -based 10 factors of influence (drivers)
RiSE Maturity Model Staged 5 [1-5] Matrix-based Macro-goals for each level; 10 Factors of influence
(organizational; business, technological; process)
Choosing Reuse MCMs - Results

Agenda
• Introduction
– Other Sources
• LEGO and Reuse
• Q & A
Reuse Maturity

LEGO and Reuse The LEGO Approach
1. MCM Repository 2. Process
Architecture
4. Appraisal Method3. Mappings &
Comparisons
1.
Identify goals
2.
Query the
MCM repository
3.
Include new
elements
4.
Adapt
& Adopt
Source: Buglione L., Gresse von Wangenheim C., Hauck J.C.R., Mc Caffery F., The
LEGO Maturity & Capability Model Approach, Proceedings of 5WCSQ, 5th
World
Congress on Software Quality, Shanghai (China), Oct 31- Nov 4 2011

Applying LEGO to ReuseExperiencing LEGO...
Here the four LEGO steps and related activities and outcomes:
1.1. Identify GoalsIdentify Goals
 Improve the estimation capability and results by a refinement in the overall management of
requirements (business, technical)
 Assumed the target BPM (Business Process Model) to improve is generically the ISO/IEC
15504 REU.x process group
1.1. Query the MCM repositoryQuery the MCM repository
 Considered REU.x as the summation of all REU processes
 Filtered the list of available Reuse-based MCMs from the MCM repository
 Next table (EoI – Element of Interest) is a filter of the elements by each of the Reuse MCMs
considered
1.1. Include new elements into the target BPMInclude new elements into the target BPM
 Next table (Suggested Improvements) lists the possible EoI matched with the requested MCMs
(both SPs and GPs)
1.1. Adapt & AdoptAdapt & Adopt
 Map each practice of the improved process to the related internal QMS process(es)
 Validate the mapping results before using it in the daily activities

Step 2 - EoI: Elements of Interest (11/2)
Model/ Framework Elements of Interest (EoI)
Management Tool • The study considers a series of characteristics typical to the Agile
Development/Management domain
• It considers also from a continuous perspective a Level 0 for ‘no reuse’
• It considers 15 reuse factors linked to the maturity levels by categories
(business; domain; organizational; process; people; technology)
• Appendix G presents a mapping between the 15 factors and CMMI-DEV
process areas (w/strength)
• Appendix H presents a summary of the 15 factors scaled by maturity
level (suggestion)
REBOOT Reuse
Maturity Model
• Deal with organizational and technical aspects of reuse
• 23 Key process areas in 5 categories (organization; Project Management;
Dev. Process; Library; Metrics)
RMM •10 key drivers considered, using a matrix-based representation/approach
• Particularly stressed the people/organization drivers, as well as the
legal/contractual issues
• To be inserted into a level-based structure
LEGO and Reuse

Step 2 - EoI: Elements of Interest (22/2)
Model/ Framework Elements of Interest (EoI)
3RMM • Information on Environments (Repository, Software, Information) +
Administrative Management
RCM • 21 Critical Success Factors corresponding to issues most critical to
improving reuse capability
• Intended for self-assessment and planning purposes
Lim’s model • Particular attention to the following factors
Motivation/culture; planning for reuse; metrics; legal issues; reuse
inventory (assets)
RiSE Maturity Model • Representation of the influence factors using a matrix-based view,
retrieving also from past experiences and models
• Particular interest for the following factors:
Organization (Software reuse education, Rewards and Incentives;
Independent team)
Business (Product family approach)
Technology (Repository system usage)
Processes (Quality Models, Measurement, Origin of the reused
asset)
LEGO and Reuse

Step 3 - Suggestions for Improvement (11/2)
ISO/IEC 15504 REU.2REU.2 process Suggested Improvements
BP 01 - Define and document an asset
management strategy
• People-related aspects, as necessary skills and experience, are to be addressed in
the asset management strategy [Management Tool – Factor 2]
• The asset management strategy should consider and differentiate the aspects
related to the asset development for reuse respect to those related to asset
development with reuse [REBOOT]
BP02 - Establish a classification scheme
for assets
• The integration between the asset classification scheme and the Configuration
Management rules is to be addressed [Management Tool – Factor 10]
BP 03 - Define criteria for assets • Possible measurements, to be used as a basis for the definition of criteria for
assessment, are to be identified and documented [RiSE MM – Process Factors;
RCM]
• The determination of asset value should be the basis for the criteria definition
[RCM]
BP04 - Establish the asset storage and
retrieval mechanisms
• The technology support for storage and retrieval is to be defined [RiSE MM -
Technological Factors]
BP 05 - Identify reusable assets. • The integration between the asset identification and the Configuration Management
rules is to be defined [Management Tool – Factor 10]
BP06 - Accept reusable assets • The technological support for classification and record of assets as well as for their
provision to the intended users is to be addressed [Management Tool – Factor 13;
RiSE MM -Technological Factors]
• Assets integrability is an issues to be addressed [RCM]
BP 07 - Operate asset storage • The technological support for storage of assets is to be addressed [Management
Tool – Factor 13; RiSE MM -Technological Factors]
BP08 - Record use of assets • -
BP 09 - Notify re-users of asset status • The notification should rely on established communication channels and an
adequate organizational support [Management Tool – Factor 4 and 15]
BP10 - Retire assets • The technical aspects of the withdrawal from the repository are to be addressed
[Management Tool – Factor 13]
LEGO and Reuse

Step 3 - Suggestions for Improvement (22/2)
ISO/IEC 15504 REU.3REU.3 process Suggested Improvements
BP 01 - Define organizational reuse
strategy
• The top management support is to be explicitly given at organizational reuse
strategy definition time [Management Tool – Factor 2]
• People-related aspects, as necessary skills and experience, are to be addressed in
the reuse strategy [Management Tool – Factor 2]
• The organizational reuse strategy should consider and differentiate the aspects
related to the asset development for reuse as respect to those related to asset
development with reuse [REBOOT]
• The reuse organizational reuse strategy should indicate whether and at what extent
the product Families approach is adopted [RiSE MM – Business Factors]
• The training and education initiatives and activities should be included within the
reuse program items [RiSE MM – Business Factors]
BP 02 - Identify domains for potential
reuse
• -
BP 03 - Assess reuse capability • The assessment of the reuse capability of the organization should include cost
benefits analysis [Management Tool – Factor 6]
BP 04 - Assess domains for potential
reuse
• A measurement scheme should be provided to support of the evaluation of the level
of similarities among products in a certain domain [Management Tool MM – Factor
1]
BP 05 - Evaluate reuse proposals • A measurement scheme should be provided to support of the evaluation of
suitability of reusable items [RiSE MM – Process Factors; RCM]
BP 06 - Implement the reuse program • ---
BP 07 - Collect and manage learning • Details on the way learning is stored in the repository are to be provided
[Management Tool – Factor 13]
• The integration between the learning storage and the communication channels for
spreading such a knowledge is to be addressed [Management Tool – Factor 4]
BP 08 - Get feedback from reuse • Communication tool support is to be addressed [Management Tool – Factor 15]
BP 09 - Monitor reuse • Monitoring is to be included in the reuse planning [Management Tool – Factor 5;
RiSE MM – Organizational Factors]
LEGO and Reuse

Agenda
• Introduction
– Other Sources
• LEGO and Reuse
• Q & A
Reuse Maturity

• Software Reuse
 “Adopt and adapt” artifacts
 Art or science?
 Functional vs Technical Reuse
• Reuse as a process and not an activity
 Models and techniques assuming it’s a structured and planned process
 It’s a process to be properly organized across/within the whole SLC
 ...while often seen as a ‘technical’ activity  not estimated in a clear way
• Starting models for observing best reuse practices
 MCMs = Maturity & Capability Models
 MCMs help an organization to progress slightly towards higher capability
levels
 ‘One size (model) doesn’t fits all’  study how to merge more models,
‘stealing’ the best practices for adapting them (reusing!) into our own BPM
 CMMI-DEV and ISO/IEC 15504 (aka SPICE) vs other Reuse models
Conclusions & ProspectsReuse Maturity

• ‘LEGO’ (Living EnGineering prOcess) approach
 http://slideshare.re/nssLR8 [5WCSQ, Shangai, Nov 2011]
 Choose and integrate the ‘pieces of the puzzle’ you need for your goals 
the target is your QMS, not the model(s) you’re using
• Applying LEGO to Reuse
 CMMI-DEV doesn’t have specific reuse-PAs, while SPICE yes (REU.x)
 Particular attention could be devoted to REU.2 and REU.3, to be hybridized
with several Reuse-like MCMs, adding ‘bricks’ for reinforcing the initial
process(es)
 Several refinements about reuse scope and type, helping in reducing
estimation errors from the initial identification of the amount of activities to
work on and improving the communication among stakeholders  towards
a SCRUM-like partnership between client and provider
• Next Steps
 Apply the hybrid REU processes to real case studies as the initial meta-
model
 Still search other reuse-based MCMc for furtherly reinforce REU.x processes
 Look also to PAs (process attributes) and not only to BPs (Base Practices)
 ...why do not try?
Conclusions & ProspectsReuse Maturity
““Creativity is allowing yourself to make mistakes.Creativity is allowing yourself to make mistakes.
Art is knowing which ones to keep.”Art is knowing which ones to keep.” (Scott Adams)

Lessons learned...
URL:
www.dilbert.com
Reuse Maturity

Q && A
Grazie per la vostra attenzioneGrazie per la vostra attenzione!!
Reuse Maturity
Thanks for your attentionThanks for your attention!!

Our Contact DataReuse Maturity
Luigi
Buglione
Engineering.IT/ETS
luigi.buglione@eng.it
Fergal
McCaffery
DKIT
fergal.mccaffery@dkit.ie
C. Gresse von
Wangenheim
UFSC
gresse@gmail.com
Giuseppe
Lami
ISTI/CNR
giuseppe.lami@isti.cnr.it
Jean Carlo R.
Hauck
UFSC
jeanhauck@gmail.com

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