![Introduction to
Cell Biology
ARATRIKA MUKHOPADHYAY
B. Ed 2023-25 [Sem 1]
College: Bangiyo Gurukul Ashram
B. S. A. E. U.
Subject Code : 1.1.5](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/lifechap1part1-240625095015-938b6099/85/life_science_introduction_chap_1_part1-ppt-1-320.jpg)
life_science_introduction_chap_1_part1.ppt
- 1. Introduction to Cell Biology ARATRIKA MUKHOPADHYAY B. Ed 2023-25 [Sem 1] College: Bangiyo Gurukul Ashram B. S. A. E. U. Subject Code : 1.1.5
- 2. All living things are composed of cells. Cells are microscopic & are the basic unit of structure. Living cells come from other cells. Most cells composed of structures called “organelles” that have specific functions The Cell Theory
- 3. Types of Microscopes Light Microscope Simple: one magnifying lense Compound: two or more magnifying lens Electron Microscope Uses a beam of electrons bounced off of the specimen to form the image – higher resolution of image than light microscopes.
- 4. Parts of a Microscope 1. Eye piece (ocular) 2. Objective lens 3. Stage 4. Slide 5. Coverslip 6. Diaphragm 7. Base 8. Fine adjustment 9. Coarse Adjustment 10. Stage Clips 11. Arm How much magnification? Simply multiply the magnification of the ocular lens (10x) & objective lenses (40x): 10 power x 40 power = 400 power magnification
- 5. Robert Hooke’s Work English Scientist In 1663, he used a compound microscope Looked at tree bark – cork Called the structures “cells” Hooke’s actual drawing of “cells”
- 6. Leeuwenhoek’s Work Dutch scientist In 1683, he used Simple microscope Looked at pond water He saw single celled “animals” swimming in the water and called them “animicules”
- 7. Parts of a typical animal cell Cytoplasm – jelly-like material that holds all of the cell structures Cell Membrane Surrounding envelope , contains the contents of the cell. Semi permeable – acts like a gate -allows only certain things in & out. Biphospholipid layer – Made of 2 layers of lipids (fats) w/ embedded proteins. Proteins float on lipids like marshmallow in a cup of coco. Hydrophobic & hydrophilic ends of lipid molecule
- 8. Parts of a typical animal cell Nucleus the brain – control center of the cell.. 3 parts Chromatin material (chromosomes) Nuclear membrane – w/ nuclear pores Nucleolus – makes ribosomes Chromosomes are rod-like structures used to direct the activity of the cells – Chromosomes – are coiled up very long strands of DNA
- 9. Parts of a typical animal cell Ribosomes – (the tiny dots) made in the nucleolus, move out into the rough ER and into the cytoplasm. ER - Endoplasmic Reticulum long “tube-like” highways that transport materials throughout the cell Two types: Rough ER – ER w/ ribosomes attached Smooth ER – ER W/out ribosomes attached
- 10. Parts of a typical animal cell Mitochondria – “Powerhouse” of the cell. Cristae – the many folds inside the mitochondria Surrounding envelope , contains the contents of the cell. Matrix – space between the cristae ATP molecules (adenosine triphosphate) store high amounts of energy that is released to the cell when needed.
- 11. Parts of a typical animal cell Goli Body, Golgi Complex Golgi Apparatus – all 3 are names for the same structure. The Cellular “Post Office” packages, stores & transports cellular materials (proteins) to areas of the cell.
- 12. Parts of a typical animal cell Centrioles – paired structures found only in animal cells – used in cell division
- 13. Parts of a typical animal cell Lysosome – Spherical organelles that contain digestive enzymes that breakdown broken or damaged structures. The remaining pieces can be reused by the cell. Vacuoles Cellular containers 3 types include Food vacuoles Water vacuoles Waste vacuoles