Linguistic features and Bottom-up Processing - 英語の言語学上の特徴とボトムアップ処理
- 2. Linguistic Features and Bottom-Up Processing
- 3. Introduction • Correct English sentences have many parts • A small change can make a big difference! MEANING GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, PHONOLOGY SOUNDS, WORDS
- 4. Linguistic Features and Bottom-Up Processing Spelling: How words are written Phonology: How words sound Grammar: Putting words together Punctuation: Holding words together
- 5. Spelling • Many English words have unique spellings! • Learn to recognize common words • Be careful • Read! Read! Read!
- 6. Spelling: Let’s Practice Using the clues, spell the missing words correctly: Steve: Hi. Wh_t _s you_ name? Mika: M_ na_e i_ Mika. Steve: I_ th_t a Japanese name? Mika: Yes, _t _s.
- 7. Spelling: Let’s Practice Correct Sentences: Steve: Hi. What is your name? Mika: My name is Mika. Steve: Is that a Japanese name? Mika: Yes, it is.
- 8. Spelling: Let’s Practice Using the clues, spell the missing words correctly: Ryan: Hey, Gina. D_ _ y_ _ s_e t_e new James Bond movie? Gina: _ o, I d_ _ _ 't. I d_ _'t l_ _e action movies. Ryan: W_ _t kind _f films d_ y_ _ l_ _e? Gina: I prefer dramas. Th_ y're m_ _h m_ _e interesting t_ me.
- 9. Spelling: Let’s Practice Correct Sentences: Ryan: Hey, Gina. Did you see the new James Bond movie? Gina: No, I didn't. I don't like action movies. Ryan: What kind of films do you like? Gina: I prefer dramas. They're much more interesting to me.
- 10. Phonology • English is NOT phonetic (fuh-ne-tic) • Spelling ≠ Sound • "Hear" the words as you read them • Learn common spellings and their sounds
- 11. Phonology: Let’s Practice /a/ can sound like /ei/ • Examples: name, same, game, tame, blame /gh/ can sound like /ff/ • Examples: laugh, rough, tough, cough, enough /ph/ can sound like /f/ • Examples: phone, graph, dolphin, pharmacy
- 12. Grammar • How the pieces are put together • Learn the Rules from Reading! • If you know a word's place, you can guess the meaning of new words
- 13. Grammar: Let’s Practice • Put the pieces of the sentence in the correct order 1. I to ride my bike school. 2. It be sunny tomorrow will. 3. I turned off stove the before the house I left. 4. Did you buy that sweater pretty where?
- 14. Grammar: Let’s Practice Correct Sentences: 1. I ride my bike to school. 2. It will be sunny tomorrow. OR Tomorrow, it will be sunny. 3. I turned the stove off before I left the house. OR I turned off the stove before I left the house. OR Before I left the house, I turned the stove off. OR Before I left the house, I turned off the stove. 4. Where did you buy that pretty sweater?
- 15. Punctuation • Holds the pieces together - Like Nails in a House • Shows Feelings, Conveys Meaning • Some Common Pairs - Who, What, Where, When, Why + ?
- 16. Conclusion • Bottom-up Processing = Building a House Small Pieces Big Sentence • Use Spelling, Phonology, Grammar, and Punctuation to Understand New Words
- 17. Linguistic Features and Bottom-Up Processing
- 18. Reading: Level 1
Editor's Notes
- #17: In this lesson we learned about using bottom-up processing to understand sentences. Building a correct English sentence is like building a house. We use the small pieces and work from the ground up to make a long sentence with meaning. By understanding spelling, phonology, grammar, and punctuation, you can also understand new words and phrases. Keep reading English to improve your skills.
- #19: おわりのスライド ステップ2 カバー