![ERRATA AND ADDENDA
Page 1, line 3 (from bottom), insert comma after "sunbeam."
" 49, line 2, Prince Ling is the same individual as the Duke Ling of
pp. 65, 250, 346.
[All such terms are, of course, arbitrary, being used merely as
convenient equivalents of the Chinese titles in the text]
" 60, " 13, For "Hou I" read "Hou Yi." [This for the sake of
uniformity. See pp. 255, 308, &c.]
" 65, " 16, For "too short" read "too scraggy."
" 65, " 20, For "too thin" read "too scraggy."
" 72, " 4, For "Chi Tzŭ Hsü Yü" read "Chi Tzŭ, Hsü Yü."
" 170, " 3 (from bottom), After "Duke Huan." omit the full stop.
" 228, " 14, For "glow-worm" read "fire-fly."
" 230, " 22, For "to the minister" read "to be the minister."
" 262, " 22, For "Wên Po" read "Wên Poh."
" 270, " 6, For "Po Li Ch'i" read "Poh Li Ch'i."
" 272, " 3 (from bottom), For "Po Hun" read "Poh Hun."
" 309, " 12 For "Duke Mu" read "Duke Muh."
" 309, " 12 For "Po Li Ch'i" read "Poh Li Ch'i."
" 314, last line, "Love for the people," &c. Compare p. 329, lines
17 and 18, "There is no difficulty," &c. The conflict between the
meanings of these two passages has not been pointed out. The first
passage is rendered by some commentators, "Not to be able to love
the people is the," &c. Neither rendering is quite satisfactory; for
reasons which would require quotations from the Chinese text.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/54518-250618120440-fa13af9d/85/Linux-Administration-A-Beginner-s-Guide-8th-Edition-Wale-Soyinka-38-320.jpg)
![" 324, lines 15 and 26, For "Tzŭ Chi" read "Tzŭ Ch'i."
" 327, " 18 and 28, For "Tzŭ Chi" read "Tzŭ Ch'i."
" 328, line 7, For "Tzŭ Chi" read "Tzŭ Ch'i."
" 346, " 5, After "Duke Ling," add "of Wei."
" 371, " 17, For "Shih Hu" read "Shih-hu."
" 373, " 3, For "Tan Hsüeh" read "Tan-hsüeh."
" 394, " 8, For "Yin Li" read "Yin-li."
[These last three corrections mean that I have written names of
places with a hyphen between the transliteration of the component
Chinese characters, the names of men with a capital letter to the
transliteration of each of the Chinese characters which go to make up
the surname and personal name]
THE END.
WYMAN AND SONS, PRINTERS GREAT QUEEN STREET, LONDON, W.C.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/54518-250618120440-fa13af9d/85/Linux-Administration-A-Beginner-s-Guide-8th-Edition-Wale-Soyinka-39-320.jpg)
![FOOTNOTES:
[1] Pronounce Chwongdza.
[2] In the modern province of An-hui.
[3] Hence he is often spoken of in the book language as "Ch'i-
yüan."
[4] Pronounce Lowdza. The low as in allow. See p. vii.
[5] Of an imaginative character, in keeping with the visionary
teachings of his master.
[6] See chs. xxxi, xxix, and x, respectively.
[7] The second of these personages is doubtless identical, though
the name is differently written, with the Kêng Sang Ch'u of ch.
xxiii. The identity of the first name has not been satisfactorily
settled.
[8] See p. 17.
[9] This last clause is based upon a famous passage in the Lun
Yü:—The perfect man is not a mere thing; i.e., his functions are
not limited. The idea conveyed is that Chuang Tzŭ's system was
too far-reaching to be practical.
[10] See p. 434.
[11] The Canon of Tao, and of Tê, the exemplification thereof.
See p. 125. I have discussed the claims of this work at some
length in The Remains of Lao Tzŭ: Hong Kong, 1886.
[12] The brilliant philosopher, statesman, poet, &c., of the Sung
dynasty (A.D. 1036-1101).
[13] A curious parallelism will be found in Supernatural Religion,
vol. i, p. 460:—
"No period in the history of the world ever produced so many
spurious works as the first two or three centuries of our era. The
name of every Apostle, or Christian teacher, not excepting that of
the great Master, was freely attached to every description of
religious forgery."
[14] On the authority of the I-wên-chih.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/54518-250618120440-fa13af9d/85/Linux-Administration-A-Beginner-s-Guide-8th-Edition-Wale-Soyinka-41-320.jpg)
![[15] A work of the fifth century A.D.
[16] Of the Han dynasty. Mayers puts him a little later, viz., A.D.
275.
[17] The China Review, vol. xvi, p. 195.
[18] In A.D. 742.
[19] The Divine Classic of Nan-hua. By Frederic Henry Balfour,
F.R.G.S., Shanghai and London, 1881.
[20] One example will suffice. In ch. xxiii (see p. 309) there
occurs a short sentence which means, "A one-legged man
discards ornament, his exterior not being open to
commendation."
Mr. Balfour translated this as follows:—"Servants will tear up a
portrait, not liking to be confronted with its beauties and its
defects."
[21] In 1885 this treatise was republished by Dr. Legge in its
place as Bk. xxviii of the Lî Kî of Li Chi (Sacred Books of the East,
vols. xxvii, xxviii), with a new title The State of Equilibrium and
Harmony. But the parallelism with the Aristotelian doctrine is as
obvious as ever.
[22] See the fragments in Ritter and Preller's Hist. Phil. Græc. §
93 and § 94 A. B. Seventh edition.
[23] Heracl. Eph. Rell. Bywater, xvi.
[24] ὀχλολοίδορος Ἡράκλειτος Timon ap. Diog. Laert. ix. i.
[25] Οὐκ ἐμεῦ ἀλλὰ τοὺ λόγου ἀκουσάντας ὁμολογέειν σοφόν
ἐστι ἓν πάντα εἶναι. Heracl. Eph. Rell. i.
[26] Hippolytus Ref. haer. ix. 9.
[27] Heracl. Eph. Rell. xxxix.
[28] Ibid., lvii.
[29] Ibid., lxvii.
[30] Ibid., lxix.
[31] Ibid., lxx.
[32] Ibid., lxxviii.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/54518-250618120440-fa13af9d/85/Linux-Administration-A-Beginner-s-Guide-8th-Edition-Wale-Soyinka-42-320.jpg)
![[33] Ibid., xlv.
[34] Ibid., lix.
[35] Ibid., xxxvi.
[36] Ibid., xliv.
[37] Ibid., iii.
[38] Ibid., v.
[39] Heracl. Eph. Rell. iv.
[40] Ibid., xlv.
[41] Ibid., xlvii.
[42] Ibid., liv., and notes.
[43] Ibid., li.
[44] Ibid., xci, xix.
[45] Ibid., xxix.
[46] Cf. Plat. Phaedr. 265: κατ' ἄρθρα ᾑ πέφυκεν καὶ μὴ ἐπιχειρεῖν
καταγνύναι μέρος μηδὲν κακοῦ μαγείρου τρόπῳ χρώμενος.
[47] Cf. Herbert Spencer's well-known paradox,—"The sense of
duty or moral obligation is transitory, and will diminish as fast as
moralisation increases."—Data of Ethics, p. 127.
[48] Theaet. 176. A. διὸ καὶ πειρᾶσθαι χρὴ ἐνθένδε ἐκεῖσε φεύγειν
ὅ τι τάχιστα. φυγὴ δὲ ὁμοίωσις Θεῷ κατὰ τὸ δυνατόν. ὁμοίωσις
δὲ δίκαιον καὶ ὅσιον μετὰ φρονήσεως γενέσθαι.
[49] Heracl. Eph. Rell. lxv.
[50] Chuang Tzŭ, chap. xiv, p. 182-189.
[51] Encycl. Met., Art. "Lao Tzŭ."
[52] Quoted by Dr. Legge, loc. cit.
[53] E.g. Mr. Edwin Arnold's Light of Asia, and still more Professor
Seydel's Das Evangelium von Jesu in seinen Verhältnissen zu
Buddha-Sage and Buddha-Lehre. On the other side of the
question, cf. Dr. Kellogg's The Light of Asia and The Light of the](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/54518-250618120440-fa13af9d/85/Linux-Administration-A-Beginner-s-Guide-8th-Edition-Wale-Soyinka-43-320.jpg)
Linux Administration: A Beginner's Guide 8th Edition Wale Soyinka
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- 8. Contents 1. Cover 2. Title Page 3. Copyright Page 4. Dedication 5. About the Author 6. Contents at a Glance 7. Contents 8. Acknowledgments 9. Introduction 10. Part I Introduction and Installation 1. Chapter 1 Introduction to Linux, Distributions, and FOSS 1. Linux: The Operating System 2. Open Source Software and GNU: Overview 1. The GNU Public License 2. Upstream and Downstream 3. The Advantages of Open Source Software 4. Understanding the Differences Between Windows and Linux 1. Single Users vs. Multiple Users vs. Network Users 2. The Monolithic Kernel and the Micro- Kernel 3. Separation of the GUI and the Kernel 4. My Network Places 5. The Registry vs. Text Files 6. Domains and Active Directory 5. Summary
- 9. 2. Chapter 2 Installing a Linux Server 1. Hardware and Environmental Considerations 2. Server Design 1. Uptime 3. Methods of Installation 4. Installing Fedora 1. Project Prerequisites 5. The Installation 6. Installation Summary 1. Localization Section 2. Software Section 3. System Section 4. User Settings Section 5. The Installation 7. Installing Ubuntu Server 1. Start the Installation 2. Configure the Network 3. Configure Proxy 4. Configure Ubuntu Archive Mirror 5. File System Setup 6. Profile Setup 7. SSH Setup 8. Featured Server Snaps 9. Install Complete 8. Summary 3. Chapter 3 Deploying Linux Servers in the Cloud 1. Behind the Cloud
- 10. 2. Obtaining and Spinning Up New Virtual Linux Servers 1. Free-to-Run Virtual Linux Servers 2. Commercial Cloud Service Providers 3. Summary 11. Part II Single-Host Administration 1. Chapter 4 The Command Line 1. An Introduction to Bash 1. Job Control 2. Environment Variables 3. Pipes 4. Redirection 2. Command-Line Shortcuts 1. Filename Expansion 2. Environment Variables as Parameters 3. Multiple Commands 4. Backticks 3. Documentation Tools 1. The man Command 2. The texinfo System 4. Files (Types, Ownership, and Permissions) 1. Normal Files 2. Directories 3. Hard Links 4. Symbolic Links 5. Block Devices 6. Character Devices 7. Listing Files: ls 8. Change Ownership: chown
- 11. 9. Change Group: chgrp 10. Change Mode: chmod 5. File Management and Manipulation 1. Copy Files: cp 2. Move Files: mv 3. Link Files: ln 4. Find a File: find 5. File Compression: gzip 6. File Compression: bzip2 7. File Compression: xz 8. Create a Directory: mkdir 9. Remove Files or Directories: rm 10. Show Present Working Directory: pwd 11. Tape Archive: tar 12. Concatenate Files: cat 13. Display a File One Screen at a Time: more or less 14. Show the Directory Location of a File: which 15. Locate a Command: whereis 6. Editors 1. vi 2. emacs 3. pico 4. sed 7. Miscellaneous Tools 1. Disk Utilization: du 2. Disk Free: df 3. List Processes: ps 4. Show an Interactive List of Processes: top 5. Send a Signal to a Process: kill 6. Show System Information: uname 7. Who Is Logged In: who 8. A Variation on who: w 9. Switch User: su
- 12. 8. Putting It All Together (Moving a User and Its Home Directory) 9. Summary 2. Chapter 5 Managing Software 1. The Red Hat Package Manager 2. Managing Software Using RPM 1. Querying for Information the RPM Way (Getting to Know One Another) 2. Installing Software with RPM (Moving in Together) 3. Uninstalling Software with RPM (Ending the Relationship) 4. Other Things RPM Can Do 3. Yum 4. DNF 5. GUI RPM Package Managers 1. Fedora or Ubuntu 2. openSUSE and SLE 6. The Debian Package Management System 1. APT 7. Software Management in Ubuntu 1. Querying for Information 2. Installing Software in Ubuntu 3. Removing Software in Ubuntu 8. Compile and Install GNU Software 1. Getting and Unpacking the Source Package 2. Looking for Documentation 3. Configuring the Package 4. Compiling the Package
- 13. 5. Installing the Package 6. Testing the Software 7. Cleanup 9. Common Problems when Building from Source Code 1. Problems with Libraries 2. Missing Configure Script 3. Broken Source Code 10. Summary 3. Chapter 6 Managing Users and Groups 1. What Exactly Constitutes a User? 2. Where User Information Is Kept 1. The /etc/passwd File 2. The /etc/shadow File 3. The /etc/group File 3. User Management Tools 1. Command-Line User Management 2. GUI User Managers 4. Users and Access Permissions 1. Understanding SetUID and SetGID Programs 2. Sticky Bit 5. Pluggable Authentication Modules 1. How PAM Works 2. PAM’s Files and Their Locations 3. Configuring PAM 4. A Sample PAM Configuration File 5. The “Other” File 6. D’oh! I Can’t Log In! 7. Debugging PAM
- 14. 6. A Grand Tour 1. Creating Users with useradd 2. Creating Groups with groupadd 3. Modifying User Attributes with usermod 4. Modifying Group Attributes with groupmod 5. Deleting Users and Groups with userdel and groupdel 7. Summary 4. Chapter 7 Booting and Shutting Down 1. Boot Loaders 1. GRUB Legacy 2. GRUB 2 3. Bootstrapping 2. The init Process 3. Systemd Scripts 1. Writing Your Own rc Script 4. Enabling and Disabling Services 1. Enabling a Service 2. Disabling a Service 5. Odds and Ends of Booting and Shutting Down 1. fsck! 2. Booting into Single-User (“Recovery”) Mode 6. Summary 5. Chapter 8 File Systems
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- 16. 1. The Makeup of File Systems 1. i-Nodes 2. Blocks 3. Superblocks 4. ext4 5. Btrfs 6. XFS 2. Managing File Systems 1. Mounting and Unmounting Local Disks 2. Using fsck 3. Adding a New Disk 1. Overview of Partitions 2. Traditional Disk and Partition Naming Conventions 4. Volume Management 1. Creating Partitions and Logical Volumes 5. Creating File Systems 6. Summary 6. Chapter 9 Core System Services 1. systemd 1. systemd’s Role 2. How systemd Works 2. xinetd 1. The /etc/xinetd.conf File 2. Examples: A Simple (echo) Service Entry 3. The Logging Daemon
- 17. 1. rsyslogd 2. systemd-journald (journald) 4. The cron Program 1. The crontab File 2. Editing the crontab File 5. Summary 7. Chapter 10 The Linux Kernel 1. What Exactly Is a Kernel? 2. Finding the Kernel Source Code 1. Getting the Correct Kernel Version 2. Unpacking the Kernel Source Code 3. Building the Kernel 1. Preparing to Configure the Kernel 2. Kernel Configuration 3. Compiling the Kernel 4. Installing the Kernel 5. Booting the Kernel 6. The Author Lied! It Didn’t Work! 4. Patching the Kernel 1. Downloading and Applying Patches 2. If the Patch Worked 3. If the Patch Didn’t Work 5. Summary 8. Chapter 11 Knobs and Dials: API (Virtual) File Systems 1. What’s Inside the /proc Directory? 1. Tweaking Files Inside of /proc
- 18. 2. Some Useful /proc Entries 1. Enumerated /proc Entries 3. Common proc Settings and Reports 1. SYN Flood Protection 2. Issues on High-Volume Servers 4. SysFS 5. cgroupfs 6. tmpfs 1. tmpfs Example 7. Summary 12. Part III Networking and Security 1. Chapter 12 TCP/IP for System Administrators 1. The Layers 1. Packets 2. TCP/IP Model and the OSI Model 2. Headers 1. Ethernet 2. IP (IPv4) 3. TCP 4. UDP 3. A Complete TCP Connection 1. Opening a Connection 2. Transferring Data 3. Closing the Connection 4. How ARP Works
- 19. 1. The ARP Header: ARP Works with Other Protocols, Too! 5. Bringing IP Networks Together 1. Hosts and Networks 2. Subnetting 3. Netmasks 4. Static Routing 5. Dynamic Routing with RIP 6. tcpdump Bits and Bobs 1. Reading and Writing Dumpfiles 2. Capturing More or Less per Packet 3. Performance Impact 4. Don’t Capture Your Own Network Traffic 5. Troubleshooting Slow Name Resolution (DNS) Issues 7. IPv6 1. IPv6 Address Format 2. IPv6 Address Types 3. IPv6 Backward Compatibility 8. Summary 2. Chapter 13 Network Configuration 1. Modules and Network Interfaces 1. Network Device Configuration Utilities (ip, ifconfig, and nmcli) 2. Sample Usage: ifconfig, ip, and nmcli 3. Setting Up NICs at Boot Time 2. Managing Routes 1. Sample Usage: Route Configuration 2. Displaying Routes
- 20. 3. A Simple Linux Router 1. Routing with Static Routes 4. VPCs, Subnets, IPs, and Route Configuration (AWS Cloud Example) 1. VPCs and Subnets (AWS) 2. Internet Gateways and Routing (AWS) 3. Security Groups (AWS) 4. Launch a Linux Server in Its Own Subnet (AWS) 5. Hostname Configuration 6. Summary 3. Chapter 14 Linux Firewall (Netfilter) 1. How Netfilter Works 1. A NAT Primer 2. Chains 2. Installing Netfilter 1. Enabling Netfilter in the Kernel 3. Configuring Netfilter 1. Saving Your Netfilter Configuration 2. The iptables Command 3. firewalld 4. Cookbook Solutions 1. Simple NAT: iptables 2. Simple NAT: nftables 3. Simple Firewall: iptables 5. Summary
- 21. 4. Chapter 15 Local Security 1. Common Sources of Risk 1. SetUID Programs 2. Unnecessary Processes 2. Picking the Right Runlevel 3. Nonhuman User Accounts 4. Limited Resources 5. Mitigating Risk 1. chroot 2. SELinux 3. AppArmor 6. Monitoring Your System 1. Logging 2. Using ps and netstat 3. Watch That Space (Using df) 4. Automated Monitoring 5. Staying in the Loop (Mailing Lists) 7. Summary 5. Chapter 16 Network Security 1. TCP/IP and Network Security 1. The Importance of Port Numbers 2. Tracking Services 1. Using the netstat Command 2. Security Implications of netstat’s Output 3. Binding to an Interface 4. Shutting Down Services
- 22. 1. Shutting Down xinetd and inetd Services 2. Shutting Down Non-xinetd Services 5. Monitoring Your System 1. Making the Best Use of syslog 2. Monitoring Bandwidth with MRTG 6. Handling Attacks 1. Trust Nothing (and No One) 2. Change Your Passwords 3. Pull the Plug 7. Network Security Tools 1. nmap 2. Snort 3. Nessus and OpenVAS 4. Wireshark/tcpdump 8. Summary 13. Part IV Internet Services 1. Chapter 17 Domain Name System (DNS) 1. The Hosts File 2. How DNS Works 1. Domain and Host Naming Conventions 2. The Root Domain 3. Subdomain 4. The in-addr.arpa Domain 5. Types of Servers 3. Installing a DNS Server 1. Understanding the BIND Configuration File 2. The Specifics
- 23. 4. Configuring a DNS Server 1. Defining a Primary Zone in the named.conf File 2. Defining a Secondary Zone in the named.conf File 3. Defining a Caching Zone in the named.conf File 5. DNS Records Types 1. SOA: Start of Authority 2. NS: Name Server 3. A and AAAA: Address Records 4. PTR: Pointer Record 5. MX: Mail Exchanger 6. CNAME: Canonical Name 7. RP and TXT: The Documentation Entries 6. Setting Up BIND Database Files 1. DNS Server Setup Walkthrough 7. The DNS Toolbox 1. host 2. dig 3. resolvectl 4. nslookup 5. whois 6. nsupdate 7. The rndc Tool 8. Configuring DNS Clients 1. The Resolver 2. Configuring the Client (Traditional) 9. Summary
- 24. 2. Chapter 18 File Transfer Protocol (FTP) 1. The Mechanics of FTP 1. Client/Server Interactions 2. Obtaining and Installing vsftpd 1. Configuring vsftpd 2. Starting and Testing the FTP Server 3. Customizing the FTP Server 1. Setting Up an Anonymous-Only FTP Server 2. Setting Up an FTP Server with Virtual Users 4. Summary 3. Chapter 19 Apache Web Server 1. Understanding HTTP 1. Headers 2. Ports 3. Process Ownership and Security 2. Installing the Apache HTTP Server 1. Apache Modules 3. Starting Up and Shutting Down Apache 1. Starting Apache at Boot Time 4. Testing Your Installation 5. Configuring Apache
- 25. 1. Creating a Simple Root-Level Page 2. Apache Configuration Files 3. Common Configuration Options 6. Troubleshooting Apache 7. Summary 4. Chapter 20 Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP) 1. Understanding SMTP 1. Rudimentary SMTP Details 2. Security Implications 3. E-mail Components 2. Installing the Postfix Server 1. Installing Postfix via DNF in Fedora, CentOS, or RHEL 2. Installing Postfix via APT in Ubuntu 3. Configuring the Postfix Server 1. The main.cf File 2. Checking Your Configuration 4. Running the Server 1. Checking the Mail Queue 2. Flushing the Mail Queue 3. The newaliases Command 4. Making Sure Everything Works 5. Summary 5. Chapter 21 Post Office Protocol and Internet Mail Access Protocol (POP and IMAP) 1. POP3 and IMAP Protocol Basics 2. Dovecot (IMAP and POP3 Server) 3. Installing Dovecot
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- 27. Exploring the Variety of Random Documents with Different Content
- 28. Supreme Void, The, 289 Swallow, Wisdom of the, 257 Swords, Forging, 290; (the Three), 410 Ta-lü, 100 Ta T'ao, 346 Ta T'ing, 116 T'ai, Mt., 3, 77, 103 Tai Chin Jen, 340 T'ai Huang, 91 T'ai Kung Tiao, 347 T'ai Wang Shan Fu, 371 Talkers, 327 Tan-hsüeh, 373 T'ang, The Emperor, 3, 207, 215, 292, 309, 361, 383 Tao, 16; (axis of) 18, 24; (perfect) 25; (gives form) 75, 76, 79; (man born in) 85; (in everything) 112; (in abstraction) 127; (of God and man) 134, 135, 137, 138, 157, 163, 167; (capacity of) 169, 182, 197; (eternal) 209, (how to reach) 277, 281; (is everywhere) 285, 288, 303, 316 (and Tê) 326;
- 29. (functions of) 438; (and fatalism) 446 T'ai Hsi Ching, The, 70 Tao-Tê-Ching, The, 19, 34, 56, 71, 111, 115, 122, 125, 136, 143, 170, 172, 179, 205, 231, 243, 275, 277, 278, 300, 369, 448 Tapir, The, 6 Taste, Sense of, 155 Tê (see Virtue), 45 Teeth cold, 113 Tell, A Chinese, 60, 255 Têng Ling, 442 Thieves, 110, 169 Thieving, Art of, 112 Things, 231 Thoroughness, 342 Thought, 170 Three in the Morning, 20 Three Dynasties, 101, 118, 120 Three Princes, 124, 132, 186, 202 Tiao-ling, 258 T'ien Ch'êng Tzŭ, or T'ien Ho, 111, 324 T'ien K'ai Chih, 234 T'ien Kên, 93 T'ien P'ien, 443 Tigers, 174, 214, 263
- 30. Time, 189, 202, 291, 304 Tit, The, 6 Toes, 305, 306 Tongue, A three-foot, 326 Topsy-turvydom, 199 Tortoise, 3, 357; (Chuang Tzŭ and the) 217 Translation (as of Enoch), 230 Travelling, 180 Trees Useless, 10, 51, 52, 245 Tripe, 305 Tsang, Old man of, 271 Tsang, Shepherd, 103 Ts'ang-wu, 354 Ts'ao Shang, 428 Tsê Yang, 335 Tsêng Shên, 100, 116, 120, 155, 352, 366 Tsêng Tzŭ, 378 Ts'ui Chü, 123 Tsun Lu, 116 Tsung, Mt., 124 Tsungs, The, 26 Ts'ung-chih, 40 Tung Kuo Shun Tzŭ, 261 Tung Kuo Tzŭ, 285 Tung Kuo Tzŭ Chi, 366
- 31. Tung-t'ing, 176, 227 Tung Yeh Chi, 241 Turtle of eastern sea, 215, 296, 335 Tzŭ Ch'an, 59 Tzŭ Chang, 397 Tzŭ Ch'i, 12, 52, 324, 327 Tzŭ Ch'in Chang, 83 Tzŭ Chou Chih Fu, 370 Tzŭ Chou Chih Poh, 370 Tzŭ Hsü or Wu Yüan, 112, 221, 352, 401 Tzŭ Hua Tzŭ, 373 Tzŭ Kao, 45 Tzŭ Kung, 83, 147, 185, 225, 378, 381, 388, 413 Tzŭ Lai, 81 Tzŭ Lao, 342 Tzŭ Li, 81 Tzŭ Lu, 165, 231, 263, 342, 381; (death of) 393; 413 Tzŭ Sang, 90 Tzŭ Sang Hu, 83, 253, 254 Tzŭ Ssŭ, 80 Tzŭ Yang of Chêng, 375 Tzŭ Yü, 80, 90 Ugliness, 260 Umbra and Penumbra, 32, 367
- 32. Uncanny events, 328 Unconditioned, The, 158, 209, 307 Uniformity (of results), 186, 132, 227, 331 Universe, The, 19, 29, 161, 167, 279, 290 Universal Love, 167 Untrodden ground, 333 Useful and Useless, The, 11, 306, 358 Usurpers, 208 Valetudinarianism, 191 Vengeance not extended against things, 232 Violence, 340 Virtue (Tê), 45, 133, 143, 151, 176, 185, 252, 277, 308, 326, 360 Virtue, Man of Perfect, 210 Vision (Eye and) 333; (perfection of) 104, 139 Vital Principle, The, 129 Wa Lung, 237 Walrus, The, 211 Wang Hsiang, 237 Wang I, 26, 91, 140 Wang Kuo, 335 Wang T'ai, 56 Wang Tzŭ, 395 Wang Tzŭ Ch'ing Chi, 250
- 33. War, 315, 318 Wasps, 297 Water, (Fluidity of) 268; (to men and fishes) 227 Water-level, The, 64, 157 Wealth, 221; (value of) 403; (evil of) 405 Weasel, The, 313 Weeding plants, 360 Weeping, 162; (without snivelling) 85 Wei, Prince of, 9, 38, 254, 338 Wei, Prince Wu of, 311 Wei, The State of, 38, 49 Wei of Ch'i, Prince, 338 Wei of Chou, Duke, 234 Wei I, The, 237 Wei-lei Mountains, 294 Wei Shêng, 395, 401 Weights and measures a curse, 114 Well-sweep, A, 147, 181 Wên of Wei, Prince, 261 Wên Chung, 332 Wên Po Hsüeh Tzŭ, 262 Wên Wang, 273
- 34. Wên Wang of Chao, 407 Wheel of Existence, The, 228 Wheelwright, The, 171 Whole made up of parts, 347 Wife, Mother-in-law and, 360 Wigs, 152 Wind, 173, 211, 332 Wine, Thin, 113 Winnowing, Chaff from, 184 Wisdom a curse, 115, 121, 125, 188 Wisdom-tricks, 111 Without-end, 288 Wolves, 174 Words, 170, 171 Wu, Prince of, 9, 323 Wu Chuang, 88 Wu Ch'un, Hunchback, 65 Wu Han Chao, 173 Wu Kuang, 72, 361, 383 Wu Lai, 352 Wu Ting, 78 Wu-tsu, 228 Wu Tzŭ Hsü, 395 Wu Wang, 152, 207, 292, 384 Wu Yoh, 400
- 35. Wu Yüan, 112, 221, 352, 401 Yak, The, 10 Yang-ch'i, The, 228 Yang Chu, 100, 116, 155, 259, 318 Yang Hu, 214 Yang Tzŭ Chü, 93, 368, 369 Yao, The Emperor, 5, et alt. pass. Yeh Ch'üeh, 26, 91, 140, 281, 329 Yellow Emperor, The, 28, 77, 123, 125, 139, 176, 196, 224, 246, 274, 277, 292, 316 Yellow Spring, The, 358 Yen Gate, The, 361 Yen State, The, 329 Yen Ch'êng Tzŭ Yu, 12, 324, 366, 441 Yen ch'i, 410 Yen Ho, 48, 241, 374, 429 Yen Hui or Yen Yüan, 38, 85, 179, 225, 233, 256, 264, 272, 291, 379, 381, 388 Yen Kang Tiao, 287 Yen Pu I, 324 Yi, 60, 255, 308, 309, 319 Yi Yang, 237 Yin, Mountain, 93 Yin and Yang, The, 82, 120, 126, 177, 192, 201, 280 Yin-li, 394 Yin Wên, 443
- 36. Ying, 451 Ying, A man of, 321 Ying-yang, 382 Yü, The Great, 16, 142, 152, 215, 254 Yü Ch'iang, 78 Yü Ch'ieh, 357 Yü Erh, 104 Yu-hu, 40 Yu island, 124 Yu Piao, 179 Yüan of Sung, Prince, 270, 321 Yüan Fêng, 150 Yüan Hsien, 378 Yüeh State, The, 8, 9, 16, 313, 451 Yung Ch'êng, 116 Yung Ch'êng Shih, 338
- 38. ERRATA AND ADDENDA Page 1, line 3 (from bottom), insert comma after "sunbeam." " 49, line 2, Prince Ling is the same individual as the Duke Ling of pp. 65, 250, 346. [All such terms are, of course, arbitrary, being used merely as convenient equivalents of the Chinese titles in the text] " 60, " 13, For "Hou I" read "Hou Yi." [This for the sake of uniformity. See pp. 255, 308, &c.] " 65, " 16, For "too short" read "too scraggy." " 65, " 20, For "too thin" read "too scraggy." " 72, " 4, For "Chi Tzŭ Hsü Yü" read "Chi Tzŭ, Hsü Yü." " 170, " 3 (from bottom), After "Duke Huan." omit the full stop. " 228, " 14, For "glow-worm" read "fire-fly." " 230, " 22, For "to the minister" read "to be the minister." " 262, " 22, For "Wên Po" read "Wên Poh." " 270, " 6, For "Po Li Ch'i" read "Poh Li Ch'i." " 272, " 3 (from bottom), For "Po Hun" read "Poh Hun." " 309, " 12 For "Duke Mu" read "Duke Muh." " 309, " 12 For "Po Li Ch'i" read "Poh Li Ch'i." " 314, last line, "Love for the people," &c. Compare p. 329, lines 17 and 18, "There is no difficulty," &c. The conflict between the meanings of these two passages has not been pointed out. The first passage is rendered by some commentators, "Not to be able to love the people is the," &c. Neither rendering is quite satisfactory; for reasons which would require quotations from the Chinese text.
- 39. " 324, lines 15 and 26, For "Tzŭ Chi" read "Tzŭ Ch'i." " 327, " 18 and 28, For "Tzŭ Chi" read "Tzŭ Ch'i." " 328, line 7, For "Tzŭ Chi" read "Tzŭ Ch'i." " 346, " 5, After "Duke Ling," add "of Wei." " 371, " 17, For "Shih Hu" read "Shih-hu." " 373, " 3, For "Tan Hsüeh" read "Tan-hsüeh." " 394, " 8, For "Yin Li" read "Yin-li." [These last three corrections mean that I have written names of places with a hyphen between the transliteration of the component Chinese characters, the names of men with a capital letter to the transliteration of each of the Chinese characters which go to make up the surname and personal name] THE END. WYMAN AND SONS, PRINTERS GREAT QUEEN STREET, LONDON, W.C.
- 40. BY THE SAME AUTHOR. Chinese Sketches. Death of an Emperor—Etiquette—Gambling— Fêng-shui—Opium—Pawnbrokers—Slang—Inquests, &c. &c. Strange Stories from a Chinese Studio. Translation of the Liao Chai. 2 vols. 8vo. Historic China, and other Sketches. Gems of Chinese Literature. Containing Extracts from various Authors, from B.C. 500 to A.D. 1600. A Short History of Koolangsu. On Some Translations and Mistranslations in Williams' Syllabic Dictionary. Dictionary of Colloquial Idioms in the Mandarin Dialect. Chinese without a Teacher: Being a Collection of Easy and Useful Sentences in the Mandarin Dialect. With a Vocabulary. 2nd Edition. Synoptical Studies in Chinese Character. Handbook of the Swatow Dialect. Record of the Buddhistic Kingdoms. Translated from the Chinese. With copious Notes. Two Chinese Poems: The San Tzŭ Ching, or the Trimetrical Classic; and the Ch'ien Tzŭ Wên, or Thousand Character Essay. Metrically translated. From Swatow to Canton: An Overland Journey. A Glossary of Reference, on Subjects connected with the Far East. 2nd Edition. The Remains of Lao Tzŭ. Hong Kong: 1886.
- 41. FOOTNOTES: [1] Pronounce Chwongdza. [2] In the modern province of An-hui. [3] Hence he is often spoken of in the book language as "Ch'i- yüan." [4] Pronounce Lowdza. The low as in allow. See p. vii. [5] Of an imaginative character, in keeping with the visionary teachings of his master. [6] See chs. xxxi, xxix, and x, respectively. [7] The second of these personages is doubtless identical, though the name is differently written, with the Kêng Sang Ch'u of ch. xxiii. The identity of the first name has not been satisfactorily settled. [8] See p. 17. [9] This last clause is based upon a famous passage in the Lun Yü:—The perfect man is not a mere thing; i.e., his functions are not limited. The idea conveyed is that Chuang Tzŭ's system was too far-reaching to be practical. [10] See p. 434. [11] The Canon of Tao, and of Tê, the exemplification thereof. See p. 125. I have discussed the claims of this work at some length in The Remains of Lao Tzŭ: Hong Kong, 1886. [12] The brilliant philosopher, statesman, poet, &c., of the Sung dynasty (A.D. 1036-1101). [13] A curious parallelism will be found in Supernatural Religion, vol. i, p. 460:— "No period in the history of the world ever produced so many spurious works as the first two or three centuries of our era. The name of every Apostle, or Christian teacher, not excepting that of the great Master, was freely attached to every description of religious forgery." [14] On the authority of the I-wên-chih.
- 42. [15] A work of the fifth century A.D. [16] Of the Han dynasty. Mayers puts him a little later, viz., A.D. 275. [17] The China Review, vol. xvi, p. 195. [18] In A.D. 742. [19] The Divine Classic of Nan-hua. By Frederic Henry Balfour, F.R.G.S., Shanghai and London, 1881. [20] One example will suffice. In ch. xxiii (see p. 309) there occurs a short sentence which means, "A one-legged man discards ornament, his exterior not being open to commendation." Mr. Balfour translated this as follows:—"Servants will tear up a portrait, not liking to be confronted with its beauties and its defects." [21] In 1885 this treatise was republished by Dr. Legge in its place as Bk. xxviii of the Lî Kî of Li Chi (Sacred Books of the East, vols. xxvii, xxviii), with a new title The State of Equilibrium and Harmony. But the parallelism with the Aristotelian doctrine is as obvious as ever. [22] See the fragments in Ritter and Preller's Hist. Phil. Græc. § 93 and § 94 A. B. Seventh edition. [23] Heracl. Eph. Rell. Bywater, xvi. [24] ὀχλολοίδορος Ἡράκλειτος Timon ap. Diog. Laert. ix. i. [25] Οὐκ ἐμεῦ ἀλλὰ τοὺ λόγου ἀκουσάντας ὁμολογέειν σοφόν ἐστι ἓν πάντα εἶναι. Heracl. Eph. Rell. i. [26] Hippolytus Ref. haer. ix. 9. [27] Heracl. Eph. Rell. xxxix. [28] Ibid., lvii. [29] Ibid., lxvii. [30] Ibid., lxix. [31] Ibid., lxx. [32] Ibid., lxxviii.
- 43. [33] Ibid., xlv. [34] Ibid., lix. [35] Ibid., xxxvi. [36] Ibid., xliv. [37] Ibid., iii. [38] Ibid., v. [39] Heracl. Eph. Rell. iv. [40] Ibid., xlv. [41] Ibid., xlvii. [42] Ibid., liv., and notes. [43] Ibid., li. [44] Ibid., xci, xix. [45] Ibid., xxix. [46] Cf. Plat. Phaedr. 265: κατ' ἄρθρα ᾑ πέφυκεν καὶ μὴ ἐπιχειρεῖν καταγνύναι μέρος μηδὲν κακοῦ μαγείρου τρόπῳ χρώμενος. [47] Cf. Herbert Spencer's well-known paradox,—"The sense of duty or moral obligation is transitory, and will diminish as fast as moralisation increases."—Data of Ethics, p. 127. [48] Theaet. 176. A. διὸ καὶ πειρᾶσθαι χρὴ ἐνθένδε ἐκεῖσε φεύγειν ὅ τι τάχιστα. φυγὴ δὲ ὁμοίωσις Θεῷ κατὰ τὸ δυνατόν. ὁμοίωσις δὲ δίκαιον καὶ ὅσιον μετὰ φρονήσεως γενέσθαι. [49] Heracl. Eph. Rell. lxv. [50] Chuang Tzŭ, chap. xiv, p. 182-189. [51] Encycl. Met., Art. "Lao Tzŭ." [52] Quoted by Dr. Legge, loc. cit. [53] E.g. Mr. Edwin Arnold's Light of Asia, and still more Professor Seydel's Das Evangelium von Jesu in seinen Verhältnissen zu Buddha-Sage and Buddha-Lehre. On the other side of the question, cf. Dr. Kellogg's The Light of Asia and The Light of the
- 44. World. London, 1885. And an article in the Nineteenth Century for July, 1888, on Buddhism, by the Bishop of Colombo. Transcriber's Notes: Obvious printer’s errors corrected. Every effort has been made to replicate this text as faithfully as possible, including obsolete and variant spellings, non-standard punctuation, inconsistently hyphenated words, and other inconsistencies. In the original text, the first digit of the first footnote on page x is illegible. Corrected based on context.
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