Linux vs windows
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Linux and Windows are both operating systems but have key differences. Linux was first released in 1991 as an open source OS developed by Linus Torvalds, while Windows was first released in 1985 as a proprietary OS developed by Microsoft. Linux can be freely downloaded and distributed, though some paid versions exist, while Windows is more expensive to obtain. Both OSes can be used by home and business users but run on different hardware, with Linux supporting more devices.
Linux vs windows
- 1. Linux OS Vs Windows OS
- 2. Linux OS Windows OS General Info The Linux kernel released on 17th September, 1991 Windows was first released in 1985. Linux was developed by Linus Torvalds Windows OS was developed by Microsoft The The first version of Linux was Version 0.01 Linux first version of Windows OS was Windows 1.0 combined with the GNU Windows OS is neither open system to produce a complete source nor free OS and is the free operating system property of Microsoft Company
- 3. Windows and Linux Both Linux and Windows are based on foundations developed in the mid-1970s 1970 1980 1990 2000 1970 1980 1990 2000
- 4. Linux OS Windows OS A commercial version of Linux Windows OS was developed by was released by Red Hat in the Microsoft . early 1990’s (combining the OS with technical support and documentation) Linux is an example of Open Source software development and Free Operating System (OS). Windows is the family of operating system (OS) from Microsoft, which is the most famous OS in the world. Linux can be freely distributed, downloaded freely. There are priced versions for Linux also, but they are normally cheaper than Windows. For desktop or home use, Windows Linux can be used by everyone (from home users to developers) Windows can also be used by can be expensive. A single copy can cost around $50 to $ 450 depending on the version of Windows. everyone (from home users to developers)
- 5. Linux OS Windows OS Linux can be installed on a wide On PC's servers and some variety of computer hardware, phones. ranging from mobile phones, tablet computers and video game consoles, to mainframes and supercomputers. In Linux, till now there are 60 to 100 viruses listed. In windows, till now there are 60,000 viruses listed. Linux kernel is developed by the community. Microsoft created the Windows operating system, but allows other computer manufactures to distribute their own computers with Windows pre-installed.
- 6. Both Windows and Linux come in many flavors. All the flavors of Windows come from Microsoft, the various distributions of Linux come from different companies (i.e. Linspire ,Red Hat,Ubuntu…) Linux OS Windows OS The flavors of Linux are referred to as distributions . The older flavors are referred to as "Win9x" and consist of Windows 95, 98, 98SE and Me. All the Linux distributions The newer flavors are referred to as "NT class" and consist of Windows NT3, NT4, 2000, XP , Vista ,7 and 8 . released around the same time frame will use the same kernel .
- 7. What is it? Linux is an example of Open Source software development and Free Operating System (OS). Windows is the family of operating system (OS) from Microsoft, which is the most famous OS in the world. Linux OS Windows OS Windows can be expensive. Cost: Linux can be freely distributed, downloaded freely, There are priced versions for Linux also, but they are normally cheaper than Windows. A single copy can cost around $50 to $ 450 depending on the version of Windows.
- 8. Linux OS Windows OS Manufacturer: Linux kernel is developed Microsoft created the by the community. Linus Windows operating system, Torvalds oversees things. but allows other computer manufactures to distribute their own computers with Windows pre-installed. Usage: Linux can be installed on Windows can be instelled a wide variety of computer On PC's servers and some hardware, ranging from phones. mobile phones, tablet computers and video game consoles, to mainframes and supercomputers. File system Linux file system in hierarchical model windows file system is flat type
- 9. Linux OS “ Linux treats everything as files (even printer, hard disk, etc.,). Linux process the process hierarchy, Development and distribution: Windows OS But not in case of Windows. But not in case of Windows. Linux is developed by Windows is developed Open Source and distributed by development i.e. Microsoft. through sharing and collaboration of code
- 10. Linux OS Windows OS and it is distributed by various vendors such as Red Hat, SUSE, Ubuntu, etc. GUI: Linux typically provides two GUIs, KDE and Gnome. But Linux GUI is optional The Windows GUI is an integral component of the OS and it is mainly influenced by Apple Macintosh OS and Xerox. Security: Linux has had about 60-100 viruses listed till date. None of them actively spreading nowadays. According to Dr. Nic Peeling and Dr.Julian Satchel's “Analysis of the Impact of Open Source Software”
- 11. Linux OS Windows OS there have been more than 60,000 viruses in Windows. Threat detection and solution: In case of Linux, threat After detecting a major threat detection and solution is very in Windows OS, Microsoft fast. generally releases a patch that can fix the problem and it can take more than 2/3 months.
- 12. General information To run Windows, it has to first be installed to your hard disk. same thing true for Linux BUT there are quite a few version of Linux that run completely from a CD without installing to hardware called as Active CD. Moreover Linux can run on Window Like Cygwin but opposite is not true..
- 13. Comparing the Architectures Both Linux and Windows are monolithic All core operating system services run in a shared address space in kernel-mode. All core operating system services are part of a single module. Windowing is handled differently: Windows has a kernel-mode Windowing subsystem. Linux has a user-mode X-Windowing system.
- 14. Scheduling Priorities Windows 31 Two scheduling classes Fixed “Real time” (fixed) - priority 16-31 Dynamic - priority 1-15 Higher priorities are favored Priorities of dynamic threads get boosted on wakeups 16 15 Dynamic I/O Thread priorities are never lowered 0 Windows
- 15. cont… Linux: 0 Has 3 scheduling classes: Fixed FIFO Normal – priority 100-139 Fixed Round Robin – priority 0-99 Fixed Round-Robin Fixed FIFO – priority 0-99 Lower priorities are favored Priorities of normal threads go up (decay) as they use CPU 99 100 I/O Normal Priorities of interactive threads go down (boost) CPU 140 Linux
- 16. System Components of Linux Kernel: responsible for maintaining all the important abstractions of the operating system, including such things as virtual memory and processes System libraries: a standard set of functions through which applications can interact with the kernel, and which implement much of the operating system functionality that does not need the full privileges of kernel code System utilities: programs that perform individual, specialized management tasks.
- 17. System Components of Windows The architecture of windows is a layered system of modules. The main layers are the hardware, abstraction layer, the kernel and the executive that run in protected mode, and a large collection of subsystems that run in user mode.
- 18. Memory Management of Linux Two components to memory management are : a. First: Physical memory-management system deals with allocating and freeing pages, groups of pages, and small blocks of memory. b. Second: Handles virtual memory, which is memory mapped into the address space of running processes.
- 19. Memory Management of Windows The Win32 API provides several ways for an application to use memory: virtual memory, memory-mapped files, heaps, and threadlocal storages. One way to use memory is by memory mapping a file into its address space. Memory mapping is also a convenient way for two processes to share memory – both processes map the same file into their virtual memory. Memory mapping is a multistage process.
- 20. File Systems of Linux Linux kernel handles various different types of file by hiding the implementation details of any single file type behind a layer of software, the virtual file system (VFS)
- 21. File Systems of Windows Historically, MS-DOS systems have used the file- allocation table (FAT) file system. The 16-bit FAT file system has several shortcomings, including internal fragmentation, a size limitation of 2 GB, and a lack of access protection for files. The 32bit FAT file system has solved the size and fragmentation problems, but the performance and features are still weak by comparison with modern file systems. The NTFS is much better. It was designed with many features in mind, including data recovery, security, fault tolerance, large files and file systems, multiple data streams, UNICODE names, and file compression.
- 22. Security of Linux It’s security model can be classified in two groups: a. Authentication: Making sure that nobody can access the system without first providing that he has entry rights b. Access control: Providing a mechanism for checking whether a user has the right to access a certain object, and preventing access to objects as required
- 23. Security of Windows Security of an NTFS volume is derived from the windows object model. Each file object has a security descriptor attribute stored in its MFT record. This attribute contains the access token of the owner of the file, and an accesscontrol list that states the access privileges that are granted to each user that has access to the file.
- 24. Linux OS Vs Windows OS Thanking You !!!! Rajan Kandel