Linuxcommands 091018105536-phpapp01
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This document provides a summary of basic Linux commands including: - ls to list files and directories - cp to copy files - mv to move files - rm to remove files - touch to create empty files - cat to output a file's contents - mkdir to create directories - grep to search for patterns in files - wc to count lines, words, and characters - whoami to print the current user
![LIST...
● ls [options] [file|directory]
●
-l
● will output the files and directories in long list
format.
-s, --size
print the size of each file, in blocks
-S sort by file size
-a, --all
do not ignore entries starting with .](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-110920104535-phpapp01/85/Linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-2-320.jpg)
![COPY...
● cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST
● cp
is the Linux copy command, this shell
command is used to copy files|directories from
one location on the filesystem to another.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-110920104535-phpapp01/85/Linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-5-320.jpg)
![MOVE....
● mv [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST
● the Linux terminal command to move files|
directories. Like the cp command, but deletes
the original source.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-110920104535-phpapp01/85/Linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-10-320.jpg)
![REMOVE...
● rm -f [file]
● option is if you are wanting to force a file to
be removed
● rm -r files
● (recursive remove) Remove files,
directories, and their subdirectories](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-110920104535-phpapp01/85/Linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-11-320.jpg)
![grep
grep [OPTIONS] PATTERN [FILE...]
● The Linux grep command is used to extract
lines of data from files
●
arul@arul-desktop:~/Desktop$ grep sure new
sure
arul@arul-desktop:~/Desktop$ grep s new
sure
shrini](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-110920104535-phpapp01/85/Linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-17-320.jpg)
![EXAMPLE
● shrinivasan@shrinivasan-laptop:~$ ps -axu
●
Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html
●
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
●
root 1 0.0 0.0 3084 1888 ? Ss 12:21 0:01 /sbin/init
●
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kthreadd]
●
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [migration/0]
●
root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
●
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [watchdog/0]
●
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [events/0]
●
root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [khelper]
●
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kstop/0]
●
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kintegrityd/0]
●
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kblockd/0]
●
1000 6967 0.0 0.1 8332 3124 ? S 12:55 0:00 /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-gphoto2-volume-monitor
●
1000 7253 1.7 2.0 125404 42836 ? S 13:03 1:02 /usr/bin/okular /home/shrini/Desktop/nice_linux_guide.pdf -icon okular -
●
1000 7343 4.2 5.8 246512 120996 ? Sl 13:04 2:30 /usr/lib/openoffice/program/soffice.bin -impress /home/shrini/Desktop/li
●
postfix 10471 0.0 0.0 5792 1684 ? S 13:59 0:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u -c
●
1000 10698 0.0 0.0 2768 1032 pts/1 R+ 14:03 0:00 ps -axu
●](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-110920104535-phpapp01/85/Linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-26-320.jpg)
![Kill the opretion
●
Kill -9 6967
●
Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html
●
USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND
●
root 1 0.0 0.0 3084 1888 ? Ss 12:21 0:01 /sbin/init
●
root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kthreadd]
●
root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [migration/0]
●
root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0]
●
root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [watchdog/0]
●
root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [events/0]
●
root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [khelper]
●
root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kstop/0]
●
root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kintegrityd/0]
●
root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kblockd/0]
●
1000 7253 1.7 2.0 125404 42836 ? S 13:03 1:02 /usr/bin/okular /home/shrini/Desktop/nice_linux_guide.pdf -icon
okular -
●
1000 7343 4.2 5.8 246512 120996 ? Sl 13:04 2:30 /usr/lib/openoffice/program/soffice.bin -impress
/home/shrini/Desktop/li
●
postfix 10471 0.0 0.0 5792 1684 ? S 13:59 0:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u -c
●
1000 10698 0.0 0.0 2768 1032 pts/1 R+ 14:03 0:00 ps -axu
●](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-110920104535-phpapp01/85/Linuxcommands-091018105536-phpapp01-27-320.jpg)
Linuxcommands 091018105536-phpapp01
- 1. Basic linux commands By, tha.suresh jemenisuresh@gmail.com Kanchi Lug Member
- 2. LIST... ● ls [options] [file|directory] ● -l ● will output the files and directories in long list format. -s, --size print the size of each file, in blocks -S sort by file size -a, --all do not ignore entries starting with .
- 3. Examble for “ls” ● arul@arul-desktop:~$ ls -l ● total 9692 ● drwxr-xr-x 2 arul arul 4096 2009-10- 17 22:12 Desktop ● drwxr-xr-x 2 arul arul 4096 2009-10- 17 22:35 Documents ● drwxr-xr-x 2 arul arul 4096 2009-10- 17 17:58 event
- 4. ● ls list all files ● ls -l list all files with details ● ls *.gif list gif files ● ls *.gif -l list gif files with details ● ls | wc -l count all files ● ls *.gif | ws -l count gif files ● (wc = word count)
- 5. COPY... ● cp [OPTION]... SOURCE DEST ● cp is the Linux copy command, this shell command is used to copy files|directories from one location on the filesystem to another.
- 6. options. ● -f, --force ● if an existing destination file cannot be opened, remove it and try again ● -i, --interactive ● prompt before overwrite ● -R, -r, --recursive ● copy directories recursively
- 7. ● cp *.txt text ● It will copy all files ending in .txt into the text directory. ● To copy a file to your home directory: cp /usr/local/doc/ue.txt $HOME This copies the file ue.txt to your home directory
- 8. ● To copy a file to the parent directory: ● cp mail.txt .. ● This copies the file mail.txt to the directory immediately above the current working directory.
- 9. f, --force if an existing destination file cannot be opened, - remove it and try again • -i, --interactive prompt before overwrite • -l, --link link files instead of copying. • -p same as --preserve=mode,ownership,timestamps • -R, -r, --recursive copy directories recursively • -s, --symbolic-link make symbolic links instead of copying • -u, --update copy only when the SOURCE file is newer than the destination file or when the destination file is missing • -v, --verbose explain what is being done
- 10. MOVE.... ● mv [OPTION]... [-T] SOURCE DEST ● the Linux terminal command to move files| directories. Like the cp command, but deletes the original source.
- 11. REMOVE... ● rm -f [file] ● option is if you are wanting to force a file to be removed ● rm -r files ● (recursive remove) Remove files, directories, and their subdirectories
- 12. TOUCH.... ● arul@arul-desktop:~/Desktop$ ls ● Home.desktop ShellIntro.pdf su trash.desktop ● arul@arul-desktop:~/Desktop$ touch new new1 new2 ● arul@arul-desktop:~/Desktop$ ls ● abc Home.desktop new new1 new2 ShellIntro.pdf su trash.desktop zxc
- 13. CAT... ● The Linux cat command is the Unix command to list a file’s contents onto your screen, or pass via pipeline to use with other Linux commands. The cat command comes from the word concatenate.
- 14. ● arul@arul-desktop:~/Desktop$ cat new ● arul@arul-desktop:~/Desktop$ vim new ● arul@arul-desktop:~/Desktop$ cat new ● sure ● arul ● shrini
- 15. mkdir ● The Linux command mkdir is used to make directories in Linux. ● mkdir - make directories ●
- 16. Example ● arul@arul-desktop:~/Desktop$ ls ● abc Home.desktop new new1 new2 ShellIntro.pdf su trash.desktop zxc ● arul@arul-desktop:~/Desktop$ mkdir comm ● arul@arul-desktop:~/Desktop$ ls ● abc comm Home.desktop new new1 new2 ShellIntro.pdf su trash.desktop zxc
- 17. grep grep [OPTIONS] PATTERN [FILE...] ● The Linux grep command is used to extract lines of data from files ● arul@arul-desktop:~/Desktop$ grep sure new sure arul@arul-desktop:~/Desktop$ grep s new sure shrini
- 18. WORD COUNT... ● wc counts the characters,lines,words in a file. ● Options: ● -c output char., count ● -l output lines count ● -w output words count
- 19. Example ● wc -w linux.txt ● 34 ● Display the word count for linux.txt ● Defult: -clw
- 20. WHO AM I ● Find which user is loged shrinivasan@shrinivasan-laptop:~$ whoami shrinivasan
- 21. DATE ● For display the today's date. ● Date prints the systems time and date. ● shrinivasan@shrinivasan-laptop:~$ date ● Sun Oct 18 13:46:29 IST 2009
- 22. CALENDAR.. ● Cal prints an ASCII calendar of the current month. ● Cal display the calendar ● shrinivasan@shrinivasan-laptop:~$ cal October 2009 Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
- 23. EXAMPLE ● shrinivasan@shrinivasan-laptop:~$ cal 12 1988 ● December 1988 ● Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31
- 24. At command ● shrinivasan@shrinivasan-laptop:~$ at 13:57 ● warning: commands will be executed using /bin/ sh ● at> echo "hello" > hai ● at> <EOT> shrinivasan@shrinivasan-laptop:~$ touch hai ● shrinivasan@shrinivasan-laptop:~$ cat hai hello
- 25. Ps ● ps - report a snapshot of the current processes ● To see every process on the system using BSD syntax: ● ps -ax ● ps -axu
- 26. EXAMPLE ● shrinivasan@shrinivasan-laptop:~$ ps -axu ● Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html ● USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND ● root 1 0.0 0.0 3084 1888 ? Ss 12:21 0:01 /sbin/init ● root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kthreadd] ● root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [migration/0] ● root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0] ● root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [watchdog/0] ● root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [events/0] ● root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [khelper] ● root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kstop/0] ● root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kintegrityd/0] ● root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kblockd/0] ● 1000 6967 0.0 0.1 8332 3124 ? S 12:55 0:00 /usr/lib/gvfs/gvfs-gphoto2-volume-monitor ● 1000 7253 1.7 2.0 125404 42836 ? S 13:03 1:02 /usr/bin/okular /home/shrini/Desktop/nice_linux_guide.pdf -icon okular - ● 1000 7343 4.2 5.8 246512 120996 ? Sl 13:04 2:30 /usr/lib/openoffice/program/soffice.bin -impress /home/shrini/Desktop/li ● postfix 10471 0.0 0.0 5792 1684 ? S 13:59 0:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u -c ● 1000 10698 0.0 0.0 2768 1032 pts/1 R+ 14:03 0:00 ps -axu ●
- 27. Kill the opretion ● Kill -9 6967 ● Warning: bad ps syntax, perhaps a bogus '-'? See http://procps.sf.net/faq.html ● USER PID %CPU %MEM VSZ RSS TTY STAT START TIME COMMAND ● root 1 0.0 0.0 3084 1888 ? Ss 12:21 0:01 /sbin/init ● root 2 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kthreadd] ● root 3 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [migration/0] ● root 4 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [ksoftirqd/0] ● root 5 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [watchdog/0] ● root 6 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [events/0] ● root 7 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [khelper] ● root 8 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kstop/0] ● root 9 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kintegrityd/0] ● root 10 0.0 0.0 0 0? S< 12:21 0:00 [kblockd/0] ● 1000 7253 1.7 2.0 125404 42836 ? S 13:03 1:02 /usr/bin/okular /home/shrini/Desktop/nice_linux_guide.pdf -icon okular - ● 1000 7343 4.2 5.8 246512 120996 ? Sl 13:04 2:30 /usr/lib/openoffice/program/soffice.bin -impress /home/shrini/Desktop/li ● postfix 10471 0.0 0.0 5792 1684 ? S 13:59 0:00 pickup -l -t fifo -u -c ● 1000 10698 0.0 0.0 2768 1032 pts/1 R+ 14:03 0:00 ps -axu ●
- 28. TOP.. ● shrinivasan@shrinivasan-laptop:~$ top ● top - 14:15:16 up 1:53, 1 user, load average: 0.74, 0.88, 0.75 ● Tasks: 152 total, 3 running, 149 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie ● Cpu(s): 17.2%us, 3.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 79.5%id, 0.0%wa, 0.0%hi, 0.0%si, 0.0%st ● Mem: 2061340k total, 1424900k used, 636440k free, 63056k buffers ● Swap: 1951856k total, 0k used, 1951856k free, 564504k cached ● ● PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND ● 3963 shriniva 20 0 349m 135m 28m S 7.9 6.7 9:15.43 firefox-bin ● 3433 root 20 0 356m 268m 6048 R 5.0 13.3 7:27.77 Xorg ● 3916 shriniva 20 0 343m 53m 31m R 3.3 2.7 3:27.88 plasma ● 3966 shriniva 20 0 134m 28m 17m S 2.0 1.4 0:23.26 konsole ● 3944 shriniva 20 0 94168 26m 20m S 0.7 1.3 0:38.21 ktorrent ● 11311 shriniva 20 0 2448 1212 912 R 0.7 0.1 0:00.12 top ● 2657 mysql 20 0 124m 16m 4948 S 0.3 0.8 0:05.77 mysqld ● 4039 shriniva 20 0 678m 52m 14m S 0.3 2.6 0:26.06 java ● 1 root 20 0 3084 1888 564 S 0.0 0.1 0:01.41 init ● 2 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 kthreadd ● 3 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 migration/0 ● 4 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.20 ksoftirqd/0 ● 5 root RT -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.00 watchdog/0 ● 6 root 15 -5 0 0 0 S 0.0 0.0 0:00.05 events/0 ●
- 29. crontab ● # m h dom mon dow command ● 53 14 * 10 * echo"hai" > /root/shrini/home/hai ● shrinivasan@shrinivasan-laptop:~$ cat hai ● hello
- 30. THANK YOU