lymphatic_system-1.ppt
- 1. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM By- Dr Garima Sehgal Lecturer Department of Anatomy KGMU
- 3. LYMPH What is lymph ? Tissue fluid (interstitial fluid) that enters the lymphatic vessels
- 4. 1/21/2024
- 5. FORMATION AND TRANSPORT OF TISSUE FLUID
- 6. Essentially a drainage system accessory to venous system larger particles that escape into tissue fluid can only be removed via lymphatic system LYMPHATIC SYSTE
- 7. Functions of the Lymphatic System 24- 7 Reabsorbs excess interstitial fluid: returns it to the venous circulation maintain blood volume levels prevent interstitial fluid levels from rising out of control. Transport dietary lipids: transported through lacteals drain into larger lymphatic vessels eventually into the bloodstream. lymphocyte development, and the immune
- 8. Components of the Lymphatic System 24- 8 Lymph Lymphatic Vessels Lymphatic Capillaries Lymphatic Vessels Lymphatic Trunks Lymphatic Ducts Lymphatic Organs Thymus Lymph Nodes Spleen Tonsils Lymphatic cells
- 9. Lymph Vessels Lymphatic capillaries – Lymphatic collecting vessels Lymphatic trunks – Lymphatic ducts –
- 11. Lymphatic Capillaries 24- 11 Features of structure: Blind end Single layer of overlapping endothelial cells More permeable than that of blood capillary Absent from avascular structures, brain, spinal cord splenic pulp and bone marrow. Lymph does not clot
- 12. Lymphatic Capillaries – Lacteals 24- 12 The small intestine contains special types of lymphatic capillaries called lacteals. Lacteals pick up not only interstitial fluid, but also dietary lipids and lipid- soluble vitamins. The lymph of this area has a milky color due to the lipid and is also called
- 13. Lymphatic Vessels 24- 13 Features of structure Three layered wall but thinner than vein, More numerous valves than in vein Interposed by lymph nodes at intervals Arranged in superficial and deep
- 14. LYMPH TRUNKS right and left jugular trunks right and left subclavian trunks right and left bronchomediastinal trunks right and left lumbar trunks
- 15. LYMPHATIC DUCTS 24- 15 Right lymphatic duct Formed by union of right jugular, subclavian, and bronchomediastinal trunks Ends by entering the right venous angle
- 16. Thoracic duct Begins in front of L1 as a dilated sac, the cisterna chyli, formed by left and right lumbar trunks and intestinal trunk Enter thoracic cavity & ascends Travels upward, veering LYMPHATIC DUCTS
- 17. 17 THORACIC DUCT….. At the root of the neck, it turns laterally arches forwards and descends to enter the left venous angle before termination, it receives the left jugular, Subclavian and broncho- mediastinal trunk
- 18. DRAINAGE PATTERN THORACIC DUCT - Drains lymph from lower limbs, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, left side of thorax, and left side of the head, neck RIGHT LYMPHATIC DUCT -Receives lymph from right half of head, neck, thorax and right upper limb, right lung, right side of heart, right surface of liver
- 19. Figure 20.2a Cervical nodes Entrance of right lymphatic duct into vein Internal jugular vein Entrance of thoracic duct into vein Thoracic duct Cisterna chyli Lymphatic collecting vessels Axillary nodes Aorta Inguinal nodes Regional lymph nodes: (a) General distribution of lymphatic collecting vessels and regional lymph nodes. Drained by the right lymphatic duct Drained by the thoracic duct
- 20. Lymphatic Cells 24- 20 Also called lymphoid cells. Located in both the lymphatic system and the cardiovascular system. Work together to elicit an immune response. Types of lymphatic cells are: macrophages epithelial cells dendritic cells lymphocytes
- 21. LYMPHATIC ORGANS Primary organs Red bone marrow Thymus gland Secondary organs Lymph nodes Lymph nodules Spleen
- 22. Lymph Nodes 24- 22 Small, round or oval located along the pathways of lymph vessels. length from 1 - 25 millimeters Typically found in clusters receive lymph from many body regions. Lymph nodes are also
- 23. Lymph node Features Bean-shaped bodies With afferent vessels (entering at the periphery) and efferent lymph vessels(emerging at the hilus) Arranged in groups, along the blood vessels or the flexural side of the joint Divided into superficial and
- 24. 24 Spleen Location Left epigastric region between 9th-11th rib in line of 10th rib Largest lymphatic organ in the body. Can vary considerably in size and weight Function
- 25. Spleen Largest lymphoid organ Served by splenic artery and vein, which enter and exit at the hilus Functions Site of lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response Cleanses the blood of aged cells and platelets and debris
- 26. Figure 20.6c (c) Photograph of the spleen in its normal position in the abdominal cavity, anterior view. Diaphragm Spleen Adrenal gland Splenic artery Pancreas Left kidney
- 27. 27 THYMUS Features Consists of two elongated lobes Is a large organ in the fetus Occupies the thoracic cavity behind the sternum Secrete lymphopoietin
- 28. Lymphatic Nodules 24- 28 Oval clusters of lymphatic cells with some extracellular matrix that are not surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. Filter and attack antigens. In some areas of the body, many lymphatic nodules group together to form larger structures. mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT) or tonsils very prominent in the mucosa of the small intestine, primarily in the ileum Peyer patches
- 30. Tonsils 24- 30 clusters of lymphatic cells and extracellular matrix not completely surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. Consist of multiple germinal centers and crypts Several groups of tonsils form a protective ring around the pharynx. pharyngeal tonsils (or adenoids) in nasopharynx palatine tonsils in oral cavity lingual tonsils along posterior one-third of
- 31. Figure 20.8 Tonsil Tonsillar crypt Germinal centers in lymphoid follicles Pharyngeal tonsil Palatine tonsil Lingual tonsil
- 32. APPLIED ANATOMY
- 33. LYMPHANGITIS Inflammation of the lymph vessels Commonest cause bacteria called streptococcus pyogenes(most common). Lymph vessels appear as red streaks through
- 34. FILARIASIS
- 35. LYMPHEDEMA Occurs due to accumulation of lymphatic fluid in the interstitial tissue Sometimes can be appreciated after wearing tight clothing or jewellary on affected limb
- 36. LYMPHADENOPATHY Means a disease of the lymph nodes Lymph nodes become swollen/ enlarged and may be painful to touch
- 37. LYMPHOMAS Cancers originating either from the lymphocytes in the lymph nodes or the lymphatic tissue in organs Risk factors -- HIV, HEPATITIS, EBV infections
- 38. TONSILLITIS Infection of the pharyngeal tonsils Tonsils are swollen, Fever and pain during swallowing usually present Treatment – surgical removal of tonsils (TONSILLECTOMY)
- 41. Name the structures labelled A-E. QUESTION. 1
- 42. I am a part of lymphatic system and protect the body by clearing worn out red cells and foreign bodies from the blood stream. Who am I? A. Thymus B. Palatine Tonsil C. Spleen QUESTION. 2
- 43. Which is the correct statement about the Lymphatic system? A. It Reabsorbs excess interstitial fluid and returns it to the venous circulation. B. Transports dietary lipids through lacteals. C. Helps in lymphocyte development, and the immune response. D. All of the above QUESTION. 3
- 44. Which disease caused by mosquito bite blocks the lymphatic drainage causing huge swelling of body parts (commonly lower limb) A. Malaria B. Filaria C. Dengue D. Yellow fever QUESTION. 4
- 45. Which of these is a primary lymphoid organ ? A. Lymph Node B. Spleen C. Tonsil D. Bone Marrow QUESTION. 5