![M2M for human ease and efficiency
• It saves the human operator from repetitive, boring and
time consuming work
• It helps human operators in real-time working based on
data rather than experience
• It provides opportunities to evolve continuously
Summarily:
• Machine-to-Machine (M2M) means no human intervention
while devices are communicating end-to-end. [Mischa Dohler]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/rpbm2mcommunications-191109130459/85/Machine-to-Machine-Communications-9-320.jpg)
Machine-to-Machine Communications
- 1. Machine to Machine Communications (When the machines start talking) Dr. Rajesh P Barnwal Senior Scientist AI & IoT Lab, Information Technology Group CSIR-Central Mechanical Engineering Research Institute, Durgapur Disclaimer: This presentation is just for information purpose and compiled from materials (images + texts) available on Internet in public domain.
- 4. What makes the difference over here? • The capability of communicating the customized requirements to the assembly line • The capability to customize the assembly sequence to meet on-demand design requirements • The capability of work synchronization between two non pre-configured machines • The capability of sensing each machines’ occupancy level and re-route the manufacturing process
- 5. What is the enabling technology? Machine to Machine (M2M) Communication Technology
- 6. Let’s see where M2M can help? Source: Youtube
- 7. Why companies are eyeing on M2M? 50-70 billion machines -1% connected Mobile market (quasi) saturated European Legislation pushes for SMART Technology is available – Federation is key
- 8. M2M in Manufacturing •An Industry 4.0 manufacturing industry - •Comprises of: • Smart machines • Smart warehouses and • Smart production facilities •Should be capable of: • autonomously exchanging information • triggering actions • controlling each other independently
- 9. M2M for human ease and efficiency • It saves the human operator from repetitive, boring and time consuming work • It helps human operators in real-time working based on data rather than experience • It provides opportunities to evolve continuously Summarily: • Machine-to-Machine (M2M) means no human intervention while devices are communicating end-to-end. [Mischa Dohler]
- 10. What is M2M? •Its technology of communication between – • Machine–sensor/actuator that is monitoring/actuating • To–network to operate end-to-end communication • Machine–device that is processing gathered information
- 11. Networks for M2M • Wired (Ethernet, fiber optics etc.) – dedicated cabling between sensors and gateway • Pros: Very reliable, very high data rates, low latency, secure • Cons: Expensive to roll out, not scalable, no mobility • Wireless • Capillary : Short-range link/ network • Cellular : Long-range cellular network
- 12. Networks for M2M •Wireless • Capillary (WLAN, BLE, Zigbee etc.) • pros: cheap-to-roll out, generally scalable, low power • cons: short range, low rates, weaker security, interference, lack of universal infrastructure/coverage • Cellular (3G, LTE, WiMax etc.) • pros: excellent coverage, mobility, roaming, generally secure, infrastructure • cons: expensive, not cheap to maintain, not power efficient, delays
- 13. Classification basis of M2M technologies • Number of devices to support •Interconnections • Coverage
- 14. Challenges in M2M Communications • Design for huge number of devices • Reduction of control signalling • Optimization for low data transmissions • Cost reduction • Congestion control algorithms (for cellular) • Load distribution/balancing • Security, e.g., denial of service • Traffic Models
- 15. Design of Capillary M2M • Mostly embedded design, low power, low cost design • Short-range communication systems • Each node typically consists of these basic elements: – Sensor – Radio chip – Microcontroller – Energy supply
- 16. Design of Capillary M2M • Targets: • Low – cost • Low – complexity • Small – size • Low – energy • Problems: • Different vendors (characteristics, inoperability between devices) • Interference, fading • MAC protocols were designed for humans • Scalability
- 17. Designing M2M with Cellular technologies • Advantages: • Capillary networks only provide local coverage • Users are already familiar with the infrastructure • Easier configuration: suitable for short-term deployments • Cellular networks provide ubiquitous coverage and global connectivity today • Mobility and High-Speed Data Transmission • Interference can be managed • Challenges for operators: • Higher power requirements • High cost and applications complexity
- 18. Current cellular M2M technologies • Current cellular systems are designed for Human-to-human (H2H): • Not so many human users • We tolerate delay even for voice connections • We like to download a lot, mainly high-bandwidth data • We are ok to recharge our mobiles daily. • New paradigm: • Enormous number of M2M nodes • Applications are delay-intolerant (mainly control) • No traffic/mainly uplink • Nodes need to operate autonomously for a long time • Automated security and trust mechanisms.
- 19. Optimization possibilities for M2M • May be based on specific scenario requirement: • Low Mobility – Reduce reporting frequency • Time Controlled • Time Tolerant – Applications that can delay transmissions • Small Data Transmissions • Priority Alarm Message – Maximum priority for alarm traffic • Secure Connection • Location Specific Trigger – Location information from operators • Infrequent transmission
- 20. WiFi (HaLow) for M2M Communication • IEEE 802.11ah use cases target low data rate, long range applications (metering, sensors, automation) • Battery operated devices should limit the power consumption by: • limiting the packet transmissions • limiting the awake/receive time (for low transit power devices, RX power consumption may be comparable with TX power consumption) • Listening for beacons/traffic information maps (TIM) frames consumes power: • clock drift during long sleep requires an early wake up • reception of beacon may require several milliseconds
- 21. Future Roadmap • Challenges for capillary community: • Reliability: despite license-exempt bands • Range: multihop/mesh seems to be a must • Delays: minimize end-to-end delay • Standards: interoperability • Infrastructure: maintenance • Challenges for cellular community: • Nodes: management of huge amounts sending small packets • Rates: fairly low and rather uplink from small packets • Power: high efficiency • Delays: quick wakeup after sleep • Application: to operate not disturbing current networks.