Magneto hydro dynamics generator
- 1. Magneto Hydro Dynamics Generator BY: Samyak Jain Shrenik Baid
- 2. PREFACE INTRODUCTION TO MHD PRINCIPLE HISTORY MHD GENERATOR CONSTRUCTION WORKING CLASSIFICATION ADVANTAGES LIMITATIONS INDIA & MHD
- 3. What is MAGNETOHYDRODYNAMICS? Magneto Hydrodynamics (MHD) is the study of magnetic properties of electrically conducting fluid. The word Magneto Hydrodynamics is derived from magneto-meaning Magnetic field(B) ,hydro-meaning water , and dynamics meaning movement.
- 4. Principle The principal of MHD is very simple and is based on Faraday’s law of electromagnetic induction, which states that when a conductor and a magnetic field moves relative to each other, then voltage is induced in the conductor, which results in flow of current across the terminals.
- 6. BEGINNING OF MHD In 1832 , Michael Faraday carried out an experiment at the Waterloo Bridge in Great Britain for measuring the current, from the flow of the river Thames in earth's magnetic field , but he failed to record that voltage due to the equipment of that time was unable to read small current. In 1851, Dr. William Hyde Wollaston was able to measure the voltage induced by the tide in the English Channel. The field of MHD was initiated by Hannes Alfvén , &for his work on MHD he received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1970.
- 7. The MHD generation is a direct energy conversion system which converts the heat energy directly into electrical energy, without any intermediate mechanical energy conversion .
- 8. CONSTRUCTION
- 9. WORKING
- 10. HOW IT DIFFER FROM CONVIENTIONAL GENERATOR
- 12. OPEN CYCLE In open cycle MHD system, atmospheric air at very high temperature and pressure is passed through the strong magnetic field. Coal is first processed and burnet in the combustor at a high temperature of about 2700°C and pressure about 12 atp with pre-heated air from the plasma. Then a seeding material such as potassium carbonate is injected to the plasma to increase the electrical conductivity. The resulting mixture having an electrical conductivity of about 10 siemens/m is expanded through a nozzle, so as to have a high velocity and then passed through the magnetic field of MHD generator.
- 13. CLOSE CYCLE The working fluid in a closed cycle MHD is circulated in a closed loop. Hence, in this case inert gas or liquid metal is used as the working fluid to transfer the heat. The liquid metal has typically the advantage of high electrical conductivity, hence the heat provided by the combustion material need not be too high. Hence, the process is simplified to a great extent, as the same fluid is circulated time and again for effective heat transfer.
- 14. ADVANTAGES There is no working mechanical element. Frictionless process. Increased efficiency to 50-60%. No air pollution. Can be easily operated from different fluids. MHD has very high efficiency, which is higher than most of the other conventional or non-conventional method of generation. Economical No fundamental technical problems reported till now. Safe for environment .
- 15. LIMITATIONS Initial cost is high. Requires highly skilled labour. Complicated then conventional source. Requires large size magnets which is a setback of this concept. High operating temperature. Short circuit may occur.
- 16. INDIA &MHD BARC in collaboration of BHEL ,with technical consultation by High Temperature Institute MOSCOW. First phase of INDIAN MHD generator is at Tiruchirapalli ,with 5MW Thermal plant using Blue water gas as working fluid. First phase was operational by April 1981. Second phase was with 15MW of Thermal input.
- 17. ANY QUERY?
- 18. THANK YOU