Making NFV-Based Business Services Secure
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The document discusses the challenges and opportunities associated with securing network function virtualization (NFV) in business services, highlighting the growing complexity and vulnerabilities posed by advanced threats and shared resources. It reviews security measures available through OpenStack and emphasizes the necessity for additional controls in distributed environments, including hybrid and pure-play edge NFV devices. The content concludes with an acknowledgment of ongoing work by industry alliances focused on enhancing NFV security.
Making NFV-Based Business Services Secure
- 1. Ulrich Kohn, CISSP Technical Marketing Director Making NFV-Based Business Services Secure
- 2. © 2016 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.2 Protection Is Becoming a Challenge Multiple reasons why security is a key concern • Attackers: from script kiddies to organized crime and intelligence services • Disruptive technologies: control/data plane separation; virtualization; open versus proprietary • Increased sophistication: advanced persistent threats (APT), bootkit-based threats
- 3. © 2016 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.3 Heavy Reading Network Security Survey Source: Heavy Reading’s May 2015 Survey on Network Security
- 4. © 2016 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.4 NFV: Opportunity or Threat to Network Security? Managed security services is a $20 to $30bn market – KEEP THE BALANCE • Immediate activation of security safeguards • Patch management • Security analytics • PaaS and security offload, pooling of security expertise • Application isolation, micro- segmentation, central control Opportunities • Larger attack surface, high- value targets • Higher system complexity • Shared resources, common hypervisor • From proprietary to open protocols • Out-of-country processing (compliance) Challenges
- 5. © 2016 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.5 Some Attack Vectors Virtualised Network Functions (VNFs) Management and orchestration VNF VNF VNF VNF VNF NFV Infrastructure (NFVI) Virtual Compute Virtual Storage Virtual Network Virtualisation Layer Hardware Resources Compute Storage Network Disgruntled employee Hypervisor and controller attacks Customer portal, public APIs e.g. DDoS Backdoor to hypervisor, control software Rogue VNF, noisy neighbor, malicious code Social engineering Spoofing, sniffing, MITM Compromise remote debugging/test interfaces Increased complexity, human error Rootkit
- 6. © 2016 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.6 OpenStack Security Controls • Keystone authentication and token-based authorization • TLS for accessing APIs • SSH for VM management / system-level communication; SSH key injection with VM creation • Multi-tenant capability • Traffic isolation by VLANs, Linux name spaces, security groups (Neutron, Nova); port/tenant based: address filter, firewall, NAT • Availability zones • Sanitization of released storage space Network Horizon Dashboard ImagesObject Storage Volume Service Compute Service Keystone Identity Service Virtual Infrastructure Manager (VIM) NeutronGlanceSwiftCinderNova API, Authentication, Network, Images, Volums, Objects
- 7. © 2016 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.7 vCPE Use Case – Edge NFV Enterprise Metro Network Carrier Ethernet Communication Service Provider vRouter FSP 150 ProVM with integrated server Core IP-MPLS Servers e.g. video vFirewall vIDS Challenges with OpenStack in a distributed compute environment • Internal OpenStack interfaces connect over public networks e.g. messaging bus, control-agent interfaces • Present implementations frequently do not provide comprehensive security controls* • OpenStack provides security controls but it was not designed for massive distribution *Source: NFV Interoperability Evaluation, NIA/EANTC report on LightReading.com; Dec. 2015
- 8. © 2016 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.8 A BT Perspective: Securing Openstack Over the Internet Source: “How NFV is different from Cloud: Using Openstack for Distributed NFV”, Peter Willis, BT; SDN and OF World Congress, Düsseldorf, Oct 2015.
- 9. © 2016 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.9 Risk Mitigation in Edge NFV Virtual Compute Network VNF VNF VNF VNF virtualphysical Risk mitigation with OpenStack security controls Security appliances such as IDS/IPS, firewalls but also service assurance functions Security additions to DPDK e.g. experimental Crypto API (Release 2.2), keep alive signaling, new performance management functions Encryption per virtual connections and/or bulk encryption, Trusted platform module supporting secure boot, authentication (802.1x), system integrity (attestation)… There is no silver bullet to prevent any attack
- 10. © 2016 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.10 Additional Security Controls with Hybrid Edge NFV devices • Hybrid demarcation device with integrated server and HW acceleration • HW: Assurance at network interface but also at intermediate chaining • HW: L2 encrypted network interfaces • HW: ACL, secure synchronization, mirroring • Tamper-resistant design • HW-based server monitoring and VNF performance assurance SRV NID VM1 OVS eth0 eth1 eth2 eth1 eth2 A3 N1 NS AS dhcp client SR-IOV creates the need for HW-based security assurance
- 11. © 2016 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.11 protected by ICV protected by ICV protected by ICV encrypted protected by ICV L2 Encryption Perfect Fit for Edge NFV MACsec with VLAN bypass Standard MACSec Format Unencrypted Frame Double VLAN bypass MACSec Format DA SA S-TAG C-TAG Etype Payload FCS DA SA SecTAG S-TAG C-TAG Etype Payload ICV FCS DA SA S-TAG C-TAG SecTAG Etype Payload ICV FCS Single VLAN bypass MACsec Format DA SA S-TAG SecTAG C-TAG Etype Payload ICV FCS encrypted encrypted +32 Bytes protected by ICV
- 12. © 2016 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.12 Additional Security Controls With Pure-Play Edge NFV devices • Server-based demarcation device • Security-hardened virtual switch featuring high isolation between tenants at L2/L3 • CE 2.0 compliant performance assurance with virtual switch • OpenStack in a box minimizes number of internal interfaces over public network • Environmentally hardened, dual power- supply SRV VM1 Connector eth0 eth1 eth2 A3 N1 dhcp client Traffic segregation and performance assurance is key with pure-play server solutions
- 13. © 2016 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.13 Security Work of Selected Standard Bodies and Industry Alliances • ETSI NFV ISG: “NFV Security; Problem Statement”, ETSI GS NFV- SEC 001, October 2014 + SEC 00x releases in 2015 • OpenStack Foundation: “OpenStack Security Guide“; best practices and implementation guide for securing an OpenStack implementation • ONF: “Principles and Practices for Securing Software-Defined Networks”, January 2015, ONF TR-511 • ONOS: Security response process, security emergency team • OPNFV security-related projects such as Moon, Barbican Standard bodies and industry alliances focus on security
- 14. © 2016 ADVA Optical Networking. All rights reserved. Confidential.14 Securing Edge NFV Devices • OpenStack in distributed compute environments calls for additional security controls • Defense in depth for mitigating attack surface in NFV-centric networks • Pure-player software and hybrid edge NFV devices for different levels of security assurance ADVA Optical Networking - your expert in edge NFV
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