Manage disk
- 2. DISK MANGEMENT Disk Management is an extension of the Microsoft Management Console that allows full management of the disk-based hardware recognized by Windows. Disk Management is used to manage the drives installed in a computer - like hard disk drives (internal and external), optical disk drives, and flash drives. It can be used to partition drives, format drives, assign drive letters, and much more.
- 3. HOW TO OPEN DISK MANAGEMENT Click the Start button and access the Run option. Type diskmgmt.msc and press Enter.
- 5. DISK PARTITION Disk partition or partition is a section of the hard drive that is separated from other segments. Partitions help enable users to divide a computer hard drive into different drives or different portions for a number of reasons. For example, allowing multiple operating systems to run on the same device. Types of disk partition:- Primary Extended Logical
- 6. Primary: Up to four primary partitions can be configured on a computer running Windows, although this drops to three if you also have an extended partition on the disk. Any primary partition can be configured as the active (or bootable) drive, but only one primary partition is active at any time. If you want to configure a multiboot system, you should create a primary partition for each operating system. Extended: extended partitions are a way of getting round the limit of four primary partitions. They are not formatted with a file system, but act as a shell in which you can create logical partitions. Logical: any number of logical partitions can be created inside an extended partition, but a logical partition cannot be set as an active partition, so they cannot generally be used to hold operating systems and are better suited to organizing files. Logical partitions are always visible, irrespective of the operating system running, so they are a good way of making files available to any operating system installed on a multiboot computer.
- 7. PARTITION STYLE windows 7 partition style divided into two parts:- Master boot record (MBR) GUID Partition table (GPT) Master Boot record:- A master boot record is a kind of boot sector stored on a hard disk drive or other storage device that contains the necessary computer code to start the boot process. MBR < 2TB. And Further divided into two parts:- Basic ,dynamic GUID partition table:- is a standard for the layout of the partition table on a physical storage device used in a desktop or server PC, such as HDD or SDD using globally unique identifiers (GUID). GUID > 2 TB ,128 bytes partition.
- 8. DISK FILE SYSTEM A file system is the methods and data structures that an operating system uses to keep track of files on a disk or partition; that is, the way the files are organized on the disk. The word is also used to refer to a partition or disk that is used to store the files. Types of file system:- FAT (File allocation table) NTFS (New technology file system) Ex FAT (Extended file allocation table)
- 9. FILE ALLOCATION TABLE FAT is a method of keeping track of the contents of a hard drive used by early Microsoft operating systems that was first introduced in 1977. Different version of file allocation table :- FAT 8,FAT12,FAT16,FAT32. FAT8:- The oldest FAT, FAT8 was used on 8-inch floppies with the 8086 processor. FAT12 :- first widely used version of the FAT file system FAT12 was introduced in 1980, right along with the first versions of DOS. File names under FAT12 cannot exceed the maximum character limit of 8 characters. file attributes were first introduced in FAT12, including hidden, read-only, system, and volume label FAT16:- FAT utilizing a 16-bit binary system. Used with Windows 3.x to Windows 95. FAT32:- Enhanced File Allocation Table utilizing a 28-bit binary system, first used in Windows 95 OSR2 and Windows 98.
- 10. NEW TECHNOLOGY FILE SYSTEM New Technology File System (NTFS) is the standard file structure for the Windows NT operating system. It is used for retrieving and storing files on the hard disk. NTFS is the primary file system used in Microsoft's Windows 10, Windows 8, Windows 7, Windows Vista, Windows XP, Windows 2000, and Windows NT operating systems.
- 11. EXTENDED FILE ALLOCATION TABLE Ex FAT (Extended File Allocation Table) is a file system designed and patentend by Microsoft and released in all versions of Windows, starting with Windows Server 2008. In addition Microsoft has released an update for Windows XP and Windows Server 2003, to add support for ex FAT formatted drives.
- 12. HOW TO CREATE DISK PARTITION Open the Disk Management console by typing diskmgmt.msc at an Run command.
- 13. In Disk Management, right-click the volume that you want to shrink, and then click Shrink Volume
- 14. in the field provided in the Shrink dialog box, enter the amount of space by which to shrink the disk.
- 16. Once you have unallocated space, you can use that space to create a new partition logical drives and simple volumes. Click on new simple volume
- 17. The Specify Volume Size page specifies the minimum and maximum size for the volume in megabytes and lets you size the volume within these limits. Size the partition in megabytes using the Simple Volume Size field and then click Next.
- 18. On the Assign Drive Letter Or Path page, specify whether you want to assign a drive letter or path and then click Next. The available options are as follows: -
- 19. Assign The Following Drive Letter Select an available drive letter in the selection list provided. By default, Windows 7 selects the lowest available drive letter and excludes reserved drive letters as well as those assigned to local disks or network drives. Mount In The Following Empty NTFS Folder Choose this option to mount the partition in an empty NTFS folder. You must then type the path to an existing folder or click Browse to search for or create a folder to use. Do Not Assign A Drive Letter Or Drive Path Choose this option if you want to create the partition without assigning a drive letter or path. Later, if you want the partition to be available for storage, you can assign a drive letter or path at that time.
- 20. Use the Format Partition page to determine whether and how the volume should be formatted. If you want to format the volume, choose Format This Volume With The Following Settings, and then configure the following options:
- 21. Click Next, confirm your options, and then click Finish.
- 22. The Windows 7 Disk Management tool will now show the space configured as a new partition.