The document discusses current practices adopted by governments and industries to ensure managerial effectiveness. It describes several practices such as completing work on time, effective output, managing knowledge and information, and following up on meetings and commitments. It also discusses setting procedures for high quality work, training programs, performance appraisal, feedback, accuracy checks, organization of information, and review of reports. Key skills for effective management are then outlined, including problem solving, analytical thinking, forward thinking, conceptual thinking, strategic thinking, technical expertise, entrepreneurship, innovation, results orientation, decisiveness, self-confidence, stress management, credibility, and flexibility.