MANUAL DE CONFIGURACION BASE RTK

USER GUIDE

AgGPS® RTK Base 450/900
GPS Receiver

USER GUIDE

AgGPS® RTK Base 450/900 GPS Receiver

Version 3.30
Revision A
April 2007
Part Number 62065-00-ENG

*62065-00-ENG* F

Corporate Office – Increase the separation between the equipment and
Trimble Navigation Limited the receiver.
935 Stewart Drive – Connect the equipment into an outlet on a circuit
Sunnyvale, CA 94085 different from that to which the receiver is connected.
USA – Consult the dealer or an experienced radio/TV
www.trimble.com technician for help.
Changes and modifications not expressly approved by the
Agriculture Business Area manufacturer or registrant of this equipment can void
Trimble Navigation Limited your authority to operate this equipment under Federal
10355 Westmoor Drive Communications Commission rules.
Suite #100
Westminster, CO 80021 Canada
USA This Class B digital apparatus complies with Canadian
www.trimble.com ICES-003.
Email: trimble_support@trimble.com Cet appareil numérique de la classe B est conforme à la
norme NMB-003 du Canada.
Legal Notices
This apparatus complies with Canadian RSS-GEN, RSS-
© 2006–2007, Trimble Navigation Limited. All rights 310, RSS-210, and RSS-119.
reserved. Cet appareil est conforme à la norme CNR-GEN, CNR-
Trimble, the Globe & Triangle logo, and AgGPS are 310, CNR-210, et CNR-119 du Canada.
trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited, registered in
the United States Patent and Trademark Office and in Europe
other countries. AutoBase, CMR, CMR+, Maxwell, Micro-
Centered, SiteNet, TRIMMARK, VRS, Zephyr, and Zephyr This product (the AgGPS RTK Base GPS
Receiver) is intended to be used in all EU
Geodetic are trademarks of Trimble Navigation Limited. member countries, Norway, and Switzerland.
The Bluetooth word mark and logos are owned by the This product has been tested and found to comply with
Bluetooth SIG, Inc. and any use of such marks by Trimble
Navigation Limited is under license. the requirements for a Class B device pursuant to
European Council Directive 89/336/EEC on EMC, thereby
Microsoft, Windows, and Windows NT are either satisfying the requirements for CE Marking and sale
registered trademarks or trademarks of Microsoft within the European Economic Area (EEA). Contains
Corporation in the United States and/or other countries. Bluetooth radio module PBA 31308. These requirements
All other trademarks are the property of their respective are designed to provide reasonable protection against
owners. harmful interference when the equipment is operated in a
Release Notice residential or commercial environment. The 450 MHZ
(PMR) bands and 2.4 GHz are non-harmonized
This is the April 2007 release (Revision A) of the AgGPS throughout Europe.
RTK Base 450/900 GPS Receiver User Guide. It applies to
version 3.30 of the receiver firmware. Australia and New Zealand
Product Limited Warranty Information This product conforms with the regulatory
requirements of the Australian Communications
For applicable product Limited Warranty information, Authority (ACA) EMC framework, thus satisfying
please refer to the Limited Warranty Card included with the requirements for C-Tick Marking and sale within
this Trimble product, or consult your local Trimble Australia and New Zealand.
authorized dealer.
Taiwan – Battery Recycling Requirements
Notices
The product contains a removable Lithium-ion
Class B Statement – Notice to Users. This equipment has battery. Taiwanese regulations require that waste
been tested and found to comply with the limits for a batteries are recycled.
Class B digital device, pursuant to Part 15 of the FCC rules
and Part 90. These limits are designed to provide 廢電池請回收
reasonable protection against harmful interference in a Notice to Our European Union Customers
residential installation. This equipment generates, uses,
and can radiate radio frequency energy and, if not Directive 1999/5/EC
installed and used in accordance with the instructions, Hereby, Trimble Navigation, declares that the AgGPS RTK
may cause harmful interference to radio communication. Base 450 and the AgGPS RTK Base 900 GPS receivers are in
However, there is no guarantee that interference will not compliance with the essential requirements and other
occur in a particular installation. If this equipment does relevant provisions of Directive 1999/5/EC.
cause harmful interference to radio or television
reception, which can be determined by turning the
equipment off and on, the user is encouraged to try to
correct the interference by one or more of the following
measures:
– Reorient or relocate the receiving antenna.

2 AgGPS RTK Base 450/900 GPS Receiver User Guide

Restriction of Use of Certain Hazardous Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment
Substances in Electrical and Electronic (WEEE)
Equipment (RoHS) For product recycling instructions and more information,
The following statement only applies to the AgGPS RTK Base please go to www.trimble.com/ev.shtml.
GPS receiver (no internal radio and 450 MHz internal radio Recycling in Europe: To recycle Trimble WEEE
models only) (Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment,
This Trimble product complies in all material respects products that run on electrical power.), Call
with DIRECTIVE 2002/95/EC OF THE EUROPEAN +31 497 53 24 30, and ask for the "WEEE
PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 27 January Associate". Or, mail a request for recycling
2003 on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous instructions to:
substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS Trimble Europe BV
Directive) and Amendment 2005/618/EC filed under c/o Menlo Worldwide Logistics
C(2005) 3143, with exemptions for lead in solder pursuant Meerheide 45
to Paragraph 7 of the Annex to the RoHS Directive 5521 DZ Eersel, NL
applied.
Declaration of Conformity

We, Trimble Navigation Limited,

935 Stewart Drive
PO Box 3642
Sunnyvale, CA 94088-3642
United States
+1-408-481-8000

declare under sole responsibility that the products:
AgGPS RTK Base 450 GPS receiver
AgGPS RTK Base 900 GPS receiver
comply with Part 15 of FCC Rules.

Operation is subject to the following two conditions:
(1) this device may not cause harmful interference, and
(2) this device must accept any interference received, including
interference that may cause undesired operation.

AgGPS RTK Base 450/900 GPS Receiver User Guide 3

4 AgGPS RTK Base 450/900 GPS Receiver User Guide

Safety Information

Safety Information
Before you use your Trimble® RTK Base GPS receiver, make sure that
you have read and understood all safety requirements.

Regulations and safety
The receivers contain an internal radio-modem and can send signals
through Bluetooth® wireless technology or through an external data
communications radio. Regulations regarding the use of the 450 MHz
radio-modems vary greatly from country to country. In some countries,
the unit can be used without obtaining an end-user license. Other
countries require end-user licensing. For licensing information, consult
your local Trimble dealer. Bluetooth, 900 MHz, and 2.4 GHz radio-
modems operate in license-free bands.
Before operating an AgGPS RTK Base GPS receiver, determine if
authorization or a license to operate the unit is required in your country.
It is the responsibility of the end user to obtain an operator’s permit or
license for the receiver for the location or country of use.
For FCC regulations, see Notices, page 2.

Type approval
Type approval, or acceptance, covers technical parameters of the
equipment related to emissions that can cause interference. Type
approval is granted to the manufacturer of the transmission equipment,
independent from the operation or licensing of the units. Some
countries have unique technical requirements for operation in
particular radio-modem frequency bands. To comply with those
requirements, Trimble may have modified your equipment to be
granted Type approval. Unauthorized modification of the units voids
the Type approval, the warranty, and the operational license of the
equipment.

AgGPS RTK Base GPS Receiver User Guide 5

Safety Information

Exposure to radio frequency radiation
For 450 MHz radio
Safety. Exposure to RF energy is an important safety consideration. The
FCC has adopted a safety standard for human exposure to radio
frequency electromagnetic energy emitted by FCC regulated equipment
as a result of its actions in General Docket 79-144 on March 13, 1986.
Proper use of this radio modem results in exposure below government
limits. The following precautions are recommended:
• DO NOT operate the transmitter when someone is within 20 cm
(7.8 inches) of the antenna.
• DO NOT operate the transmitter unless all RF connectors are
secure and any open connectors are properly terminated.
• DO NOT operate the equipment near electrical blasting caps or in
an explosive atmosphere.
• All equipment must be properly grounded according to Trimble
installation instructions for safe operation.
• All equipment should be serviced only by a qualified technician.

For license-free 900 MHz radio1

C CAUTION – For your own safety, and in terms of the RF Exposure
requirements of the FCC, always observe the precautions listed here.

• Always maintain a minimum separation distance of 20 cm
(7.8 inches) between yourself and the radiating antenna on the
radio-modem.
• Do not co-locate the antenna with any other transmitting device.

1. 900 MHz radios are not used in Europe.

6 AgGPS RTK Base GPS Receiver User Guide

Safety Information

For Bluetooth radio
The radiated output power of the internal Bluetooth wireless radio is far
below the FCC radio frequency exposure limits. Nevertheless, the
wireless radio shall be used in such a manner that the Trimble receiver
is 20 cm or further from the human body. The internal wireless radio
operates within guidelines found in radio frequency safety standards
and recommendations, which reflect the consensus of the scientific
community. Trimble therefore believes the internal wireless radio is safe
for use by consumers. The level of energy emitted is far less than the
electromagnetic energy emitted by wireless devices such as mobile
phones. However, the use of wireless radios may be restricted in some
situations or environments, such as on aircraft. If you are unsure of
restrictions, you are encouraged to ask for authorization before turning
on the wireless radio.

Installing antennas

C CAUTION – For your own safety, and in terms of the RF Exposure
requirements of the FCC, always observe these precautions:
– Always maintain a minimum separation distance of 20 cm (7.8 inches)
between yourself and the radiating antenna.
– Do not co-locate the antenna with any other transmitting device.

This device has been designed to operate with the antennas listed
below, and having a maximum gain of 5 dBi. Antennas not included in
this list, or having a gain greater than 5 dBi, are strictly prohibited for
use with this device. The required antenna impedance is 50 ohms.
The antennas that can be used (country dependent) with the 450 MHz
radio are 0 dBi and 5 dBi whip antennas. The antennas that can be used
(country dependent) with the 900 MHz radio are 0 dBi, 3 dBi, and 5 dBi
whip antennas.
To reduce potential radio interference to other users, the antenna type
and its gain should be so chosen that the equivalent isotropically
radiated power (e.i.r.p.) is not more than that permitted for successful
communication.


Safety Information

Battery safety
C WARNING – Do not damage the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery. A
damaged battery can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal
injury and/or property damage.
To prevent injury or damage:
– Do not use or charge the battery if it appears to be damaged. Signs of
damage include, but are not limited to, discoloration, warping, and
leaking battery fluid.
– Do not expose the battery to fire, high temperature, or direct sunlight.
– Do not immerse the battery in water.
– Do not use or store the battery inside a vehicle during hot weather.
– Do not drop or puncture the battery.
– Do not open the battery or short-circuit its contacts.

C WARNING – Avoid contact with the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery if it
appears to be leaking. Battery fluid is corrosive, and contact with it can
result in personal injury and/or property damage.
– If the battery leaks, avoid contact with the battery fluid.
– If battery fluid gets into your eyes, immediately rinse your eyes with
clean water and seek medical attention. Do not rub your eyes!
– If battery fluid gets onto your skin or clothing, immediately use clean
water to wash off the battery fluid.

C WARNING – Charge and use the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery only in
strict accordance with the instructions. Charging or using the battery in
unauthorized equipment can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in
personal injury and/or equipment damage.
– Do not charge or use the battery if it appears to be damaged or leaking.
– Charge the Lithium-ion battery only in a Trimble product that is specified
to charge it. Be sure to follow all instructions that are provided with the
battery charger.
– Discontinue charging a battery that gives off extreme heat or a burning
odor.
– Use the battery only in Trimble equipment that is specified to use it.
– Use the battery only for its intended use and according to the
instructions in the product documentation.


Contents
Safety Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Regulations and safety . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Type approval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Exposure to radio frequency radiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
For 450 MHz radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
For license-free 900 MHz radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
For Bluetooth radio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Installing antennas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Battery safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .13
About the AgGPS RTK Base GPS receivers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Related information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Technical support . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Your comments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

2 Features and Functions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .15
AgGPS RTK Base receiver features . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Use and care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
COCOM limits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Keypad and display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Rear connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3 Batteries and Power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .21
External power . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Battery safety. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Battery performance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23


Contents

Charging the Lithium-ion battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
Storing the Lithium-ion battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
Removing the Lithium-ion battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25

4 Setup Guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .27
Base station operation guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Base station components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Base station setup guidelines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Permanent installation antenna cabling for the AgGPS RTK Base 450/900
GPS receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32

5 Setting up the Receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .33
Common ways to set up a base station . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Setting up a base station for permanent installation. . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Setting up a mobile base station: Tripod and fixed height tripod . . . . . 35
Tripod and tribrach setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Fixed height tripod setup . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
External radio-modems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

6 Configuring the Receiver Using the Keypad and Display . . .39
Button functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Power button operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
Home screen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Status screens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Configuring the receiver as a base receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Configuring the receiver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
Configuring system settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47

7 Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase
Technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
AutoBase Warning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Working with AutoBase technology . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Scenario One: First visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turned off . . 50
Scenario Two: First visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turned on . . 52
Scenario Three: Repeat visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turned off 52


Contents

Scenario Four: Repeat visit to a site with AutoBase Warning turned on 53
The AutoBase process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

8 Default Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .57
Default receiver settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Resetting the receiver to factory defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

9 Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .59
General specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Physical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Electrical specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
Communication specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62

A Required Radio and GPS Rover Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Radio firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
GPS rover firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

B Upgrading the Receiver Firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .67
The WinFlash utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Installing the WinFlash utility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Upgrading the receiver firmware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Forcing the receiver into Monitor mode . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

C Troubleshooting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .71
Receiver issues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

D Drawings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .75
Back view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Side view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Bottom view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77

E Receiver Connector Pinout Information . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
Lemo connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Modem multi-function port . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .83


Contents


CHAPTER

1
Introduction 1

Welcome to the AgGPS RTK Base GPS About the AgGPS RTK
Receiver User Guide. This manual Base GPS receivers
describes how to set up and use the
AgGPS® RTK Base 450 and the AgGPS The AgGPS RTK Base 450/900 receivers
RTK Base 900 GPS receivers from are dual frequency GPS receivers with
Trimble®. integrated transmit radio. Designed to
operate as an RTK base station, they are
Even if you have used other Global easy to set up and operate.
Positioning System (GPS) products
before, Trimble recommends that you
spend some time reading this manual to
learn about the special features of this
product. If you are not familiar with GPS,
visit the Trimble website
(www.trimble.com) for an interactive look
at Trimble and GPS.


1 Introduction

Related information
Sources of related information include the following:
• Trimble training courses – Consider a training course to help you use your GPS
system to its fullest potential. For more information, go to the Trimble website at
www.trimble.com/training.html.

Technical support
If you have a problem and cannot find the information you need in the product
documentation, contact your local dealer. Alternatively, go to the Support area of the
Trimble website (www.trimble.com/support.shtml). Select the product you need
information on. Product updates, documentation, and any support issues are available
for download.
If you need to contact Trimble technical support, complete the online inquiry form at
www.trimble.com/support_form.asp.

Your comments
Your feedback about the supporting documentation helps us to improve it with each
revision. Email your comments to ReaderFeedback@trimble.com.


CHAPTER

2
Features and Functions 2

In this chapter: The AgGPS RTK Base GPS receivers are
ideal for both fixed and mobile base
AgGPS RTK Base receiver station applications. The AgGPS RTK
features Base receiver can be permanently
Use and care installed infrastructure for individual RTK
COCOM limits
base station coverage, or it can be part of
an RTK network. It is also designed for
Keypad and display mobile applications with a quick setup
Rear connectors and AutoBase™ technology.
These receivers feature a keypad and
display so you can configure the receiver
easily without using a controller or
computer. All receivers are capable of
transmitting RTK corrections either via
an internal transmit radio or connection
to an external radio.


2 Features and Functions

AgGPS RTK Base receiver features
The Trimble AgGPS RTK Base 900 and 450 receivers are easy to use RTK
base stations for agricultural applications. With many time-saving
features, the AgGPS RTK base receiver can be used as a mobile base or
as part of a base station network. It uniquely combines a GPS receiver,
RTK radio, and 10 hour battery into one small unit.
• Reliable 1 inch year to year repeatability for all your row cropping
activities
• Easy to use menu system for configuration and status checking
• 9 V to 30 V DC input power with over-voltage protection
• Configuring the network receiver and radio network settings can
be done using the display and keypad on the receiver so no office
set up or field laptop is required
• GPS receiver, radio, and battery are contained in a robust unit
weighing only 3.64 lbs (1.65 kg) making it a breeze to set up
quickly anywhere on your farm
• Long-life integrated battery provides more than 10 hours
operation as a base station – no need to lug around a car battery
• Automatically sets up on a previously set point with Autobase
technology function – makes for a quick set up time on your pre-
programmed locations

Use and care
This product is designed to withstand the rough treatment and tough
environment that typically occurs in construction applications.
However, the receiver is a high-precision electronic instrument and
should be treated with reasonable care.

C CAUTION – Operating or storing the receiver outside the specified
temperature range can damage it. For more information, see Chapter 9,
Specifications.



COCOM limits
The U.S. Department of Commerce requires that all exportable GPS
products contain performance limitations so that they cannot be used
in a manner that could threaten the security of the United States. The
following limitations are implemented on this product:
• Immediate access to satellite measurements and navigation
results is disabled when the receiver velocity is computed to be
greater than 1,000 knots, or its altitude is computed to be above
18,000 meters. The receiver GPS subsystem resets until the
COCOM situation clears. As a result, all logging and stream
configurations stop until the GPS subsystem is cleared.

Keypad and display

1
4

2 3 2

Figure 2.1 Front view of the receiver

Feature Description
1 Power LED Indicates if the receiver is turned on or off.
2 Buttons Used to turn on and configure the receiver (see Button functions,
page 40).



Feature Description
3 Display The receiver has a Vacuum Fluorescent Display. This display allows
you to see how the receiver is operating and view the configuration
settings.
4 Bluetooth antenna Location of the Bluetooth antenna.

Rear connectors

1
2 5

3 4
Figure 2.2 Rear view of the receiver

Connector type Description
1 TNC Connect to the GPS antenna

2 • TNC (450 MHz Connect to the radio antenna
Internal radio)
• Reverse polarity TNC
(900 MHz internal radio)
• Not installed, system
without internal radio
3 Vent External venting plug for pressure equalization
plug



Connector type Description
4 High • Ethernet connectivity to a 10/100 Base-T network
Density through an RJ45 jack on a multiport adaptor (P/N
DB26 57167)
• 'Slave' USB communications through the USB type B
connector on the multiport adaptor (P/N 57167)
• 'Host' USB communications through the USB type A
connector on the 26-pin to Hirose adaptor (P/N 56653-
10) and Hirose to USB type A cable (P/N 73841001)
• Primary power from a Trimble AC/DC power supply
(P/N 59221-00) using the multiport adaptor (P/N 57167)
• Power input from an SPS700 total station battery cradle
system using the adaptor (P/N 56653-10)
• Full 9-wire RS-232 serial communications using the 26-9-
pin multiport adaptor (P/N 57168) or a 26-pin serial
communications cable
• 1PPS, 2 x RS-232 input DC, USB, Ethernet cable (P/N
60789-00)
5 Lemo (7-pin/0-shell) • 3 wire RS-232 serial communications using a 7-pin/ 0
shell Lemo cable
• Secondary power from a Trimble battery (P/N 32364-00
or 32365-00) or a 12 V battery using the Fused Lemo
Power Cable (P/N 46125-20)
• CAN


CHAPTER

3
Batteries and Power 3

In this chapter: The AgGPS RTK Base GPS receiver uses
an internal rechargeable Lithium-ion
External power battery, which can be replaced only at an
Battery safety Authorized Trimble Service Center.
Battery performance The receiver can also be powered by an
Charging the Lithium-ion
external power source that is connected
battery to the Lemo or modem port.

Storing the Lithium-ion The operational time provided by the
battery internal battery depends on the type of
measurement and operating conditions.
Removing the Lithium-ion
Typically, the internal battery
battery
provides 10 hours operation as a base
station.
Note – All battery operation tests are
carried out with new, fully charged batteries
at room temperature and full receiver
configuration operational. Older batteries,
at temperatures significantly higher or
lower than room temperature, will have a
reduced performance.


3 Batteries and Power

External power
The GPS receiver uses an external power source in preference to its
internal batteries. If the receiver is not connected to an external power
source, or if the external power supply fails, the internal batteries are
used.

Battery safety
The receiver is powered by a rechargeable internal Lithium-ion battery.
Charge and use the battery only in strict accordance with the
instructions below.

C WARNING – Do not damage the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery. A
damaged battery can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in personal
injury and/or property damage.
– Do not use or charge the battery if it appears to be damaged. Signs of
damage include, but are not limited to, discoloration, warping, and
leaking battery fluid.
– Do not expose the battery to fire, high temperature, or direct sunlight.
– Do not immerse the battery in water.
– Do not use or store the battery inside a vehicle during hot weather.
– Do not drop or puncture the battery.
– Do not open the battery or short-circuit its contacts.



C WARNING – Avoid contact with the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery if it
appears to be leaking. Battery fluid is corrosive, and contact with it can
result in personal injury and/or property damage.
– If the battery leaks, avoid contact with the battery fluid.
– If battery fluid gets into your eyes, immediately rinse your eyes with
clean water and seek medical attention. Do not rub your eyes!
– If battery fluid gets onto your skin or clothing, immediately use clean
water to wash off the battery fluid.

Battery performance
To optimize battery performance and extend battery life:
• Fully charge all new batteries before use.
• Batteries perform best when they are not used at extreme
temperatures. The receiver is designed to operate at –40 °C to
+65 °C (–40 °F to +149 °F). However, operation at temperatures of
less than 0 °C (32 °F) can cause a rapid drop in battery life.
• Do not allow a battery that is in storage to discharge to below 5 V.



Charging the Lithium-ion battery
The rechargeable Lithium-ion battery is supplied partially charged.
Charge the battery completely before using it for the first time. If the
battery has been stored for longer than three months, charge it before
use.
The internal battery charges fully in 8 hours when connected to a
suitable power source.

C WARNING – Charge and use the rechargeable Lithium-ion battery only in
strict accordance with the instructions. Charging or using the battery in
unauthorized equipment can cause an explosion or fire, and can result in
personal injury and/or equipment damage.
– Do not charge or use the battery if it appears to be damaged or leaking.
– Charge the Lithium-ion battery only with a Trimble product that is
specified to charge it. Be sure to follow all instructions that are provided
with the battery charger.
– Discontinue charging a battery that gives off extreme heat or a burning
odor.
– Use the battery only in Trimble equipment that is specified to use it.
– Use the battery only for its intended use and according to the
instructions in the product documentation.



Storing the Lithium-ion battery
If you must store a Lithium-ion battery for long periods, make sure that
it is fully charged before it is stored, and that you charge it at least once
every three months while it is stored.
Do not allow a battery that is in storage to discharge to below 5 V. A
battery that reaches deep discharge level (5 V or less) cannot be
recharged and must be replaced. (To protect a battery that is in use
from deep discharge, the receiver switches power sources or stops
drawing power when the battery pack discharges to 5.9 V.)
All batteries discharge over time when not in use, and they discharge
faster in colder temperatures. Do not store the receiver at temperatures
outside the range –40 °C to +70 °C (–40 °F to +158 °F).
The receiver has an internal Lithium-ion battery. The internal battery
will only charge from an external power source that delivers more than
15 volts, for example, an AC power adaptor. The receiver is supplied
with a mains power supply unit that recharges the battery inside the
receiver when it is connected through the adaptor to the modem port
or the Lemo port. When you use the receiver as a fixed or permanent
base station, Trimble recommends that you use this power supply at all
times to keep the internal battery charged. This provides an
uninterrupted power supply and will keep the site operational for more
than 10 hours after a power failure.
Keep all batteries on continuous charge when not in use. You can keep
batteries on charge indefinitely without damage to the receiver or to the
batteries.

Removing the Lithium-ion battery
The internal Lithium-ion battery should be removed only at an
authorized Trimble Service Center. If the battery is removed at an
unauthorized service center, the remaining warranty on the product
will be void.


CHAPTER

4
Setup Guidelines 4

In this chapter: GPS Real-Time Kinematic (RTK)
operation provides centimeter-level
Base station operation accuracy by eliminating errors that are
guidelines present in the GPS system. For all RTK
operations, you require both a base
station and a rover receiver.
This chapter introduces the concepts of
base station and rover operation, provides
information to help you identify good
setup locations, describes best practices
for setting up the equipment, and outlines
the precautions that you need to take to
protect the equipment.


4 Setup Guidelines

Base station operation guidelines
A base station consists of a receiver that is placed at a known (and fixed)
position. The receiver tracks the same satellites that are being tracked
by the rover receiver, at the same time that the rover is tracking them.
Errors in the GPS system are monitored at the fixed (and known) base
station, and a series of position corrections are computed. The
corrections are sent through a radio link to the rover receiver, where
they are used to correct the real time positions of the rover.
Base station components
The base station has the following components:
• GPS receiver
• GPS antenna
• Base station radio
• Power supply

GPS receiver and GPS antenna
A GPS receiver, such as the AgGPS RTK Base 450 or 900 receiver,
incorporates a GPS receiver, power supply, and base station radio in a
single unit. The GPS antenna and the base station radio antenna are
separate from the receiver. Because the GPS antenna is separate, you
can use the following optimized components:
– a geodetic antenna with large ground plane, to eliminate
multipath (the major source of GPS errors) at the base
station
– a high-gain or directional radio antenna, to increase
broadcast range and to provide maximum coverage
You can also place the GPS receiver in an easily accessible and
secure location, safe from theft and the weather, while the
antennas are placed high on a tower or building, clear of
obstructions, and able to deliver maximum performance.


Setup Guidelines 4

The GPS antenna included with the AgGPS RTK Base 450/900 receiver
is a Trimble Zephyr Geodetic™ Model 2 antenna. The Zephyr Geodetic
Model 2 antenna has a large ground plane to eliminate multipath and
can be used in both fixed (permanent) installations and mobile base
station applications.
Base station setup guidelines
For good performance, observe the following base station setup
guidelines:
• Place the GPS antenna in a location that has a clear line of sight
to the sky in all directions. Do not place the GPS antenna near
vertical obstructions such as buildings, deep cuttings, fences,
towers, or tree canopy.
• Mount the GPS antenna securely to minimize movement of the
antenna. Any movement of the base station GPS antenna will
cause corresponding movement in the rover.
• Place the GPS and radio antennas as high as practical. Radio
antenna height is a significant factor in the broadcast range of
the radio.
Note – The GPS antenna must have a clear line of sight to the sky at all
times during operation.
• Choose the most appropriate radio antenna for the desired
coverage area. The higher the gain on the antenna, the longer the
range. If there is more focus on the transmission signal, there is a
reduced coverage area. A 3 dB or 5 dB gain antenna provides a
mix of good range and reasonable directional coverage.


4 Setup Guidelines

• Make sure that the GPS receiver does not lose power. The GPS
receiver has an integrated battery, which has to be charged. To
operate for the full day without loss of power at the base station,
provide external power. Sources of external power include:
– AC power
– 12 V car or truck battery
– Generator power
– Solar panel
When you use an external power supply, the integrated battery
provides a backup power supply, enabling you to maintain
continuous operation through a mains power failure.
When the GPS receiver is connected to a power source greater
than 15 V, the integrated battery is continuously charged from the
connected power source. This helps to ensure that the battery
stays charged.
• Do not locate a GPS receiver, GPS antenna, or radio antenna
within 400 meters (about 1,300 feet) of:
– a powerful radar, television, or cellular communications
tower
– another transmitter
– another GPS antenna
Cell phone towers can interfere with the base station radio
broadcast and can stop corrections from reaching the rover
receiver. High-power signals from a nearby radio or radar
transmitter can overwhelm the receiver circuits. This does not
harm the receiver, but can prevent the receiver electronics from
functioning correctly.
Low-power transmitters, such as those in cell phones and two-
way radios, do not interfere with receiver operations.


Setup Guidelines 4

• Do not set up the base station directly beneath or close to
overhead power lines or electrical generation facilities. The
electromagnetic fields associated with these utilities can
interfere with GPS receiver operation. Other sources of
electromagnetic interference include:
– Gasoline engines (spark plugs)
– Televisions and computer monitors
– Alternators and generators
– Electric motors
– Equipment with DC-to-AC converters
– Fluorescent lights
– Switching power supplies
• Place the GPS receiver in a protected and secure location.
• If you place the AgGPS RTK Base 450/900 receiver in a lock box or
other enclosure to protect the receiver from theft or from the
weather, shield the lock box from direct sunlight and provide
ventilation for the receiver through an inlet and extractor fan. A
receiver that has a broadcast radio generates significant heat. Do
not allow the temperature in the box to exceed 50 ºC (122 ºF).
• If working in a cold climate, you may need to provide heat to the
receiver. Do not operate the receiver below –40 ºC (–40 ºF).
• Trimble recommends that, wherever possible, you keep GPS
receiver equipment dry. The receivers are designed to withstand
wet weather, but keeping them dry prolongs their life and reduces
the effects of corrosion on ports and connectors. If the equipment
gets wet, use a clean dry cloth to dry the equipment and then
leave the equipment open to the air to dry. Do not lock wet
equipment in a transport case for prolonged periods. Avoid
exposing the GPS receiver to corrosive liquids and salt water
wherever possible.


4 Setup Guidelines

• Trimble recommends that you install lightning protection
equipment at permanent base station locations. Equipment
should include a gas capsule lightning protector in the GPS and
radio antenna feed line and appropriate safety grounding. A static
dissipater near the antennas can reduce the likelihood of a direct
lightning strike. Also protect any communications and power
lines at building entry points. For more information, contact your
local Trimble dealer, or go to the Huber and Suhner website
(www.hubersuhnerinc.com).
• Trimble recommends that you use surge protection equipment
on all permanently installed equipment.
Permanent installation antenna cabling for the AgGPS RTK
Base 450/900 GPS receiver
Many permanent base station installations have unique cabling
requirements. Depending on the available infrastructure, you may need
to mount the antenna a considerable distance from the receiver.
The AgGPS RTK Base 450/900 receiver can withstand a loss of 12 dB
between the GPS antenna and the receiver. The degree of loss in a
coaxial cable depends on the frequency of the signal passing through it.
This table lists some common cable types and the maximum length you
can use before an inline amplifier for GPS frequencies is required.

Cable type Maximum length (for use without an inline amplifier)
RG-214 30 m (100 ft)
LMR-400 70 m (230 ft)
LMR-500 85 m (280 ft)
LMR-600 106 m (350 ft)
Heliax LDF4/50 165 m (540 ft)
Heliax LDF4.5/40 225 m (740 ft)


CHAPTER

5
Setting up the Receiver 5

In this chapter: This chapter provides guidelines for
setting up the AgGPSRTK Base 450/900
Common ways to set up a receiver as a base station.
base station


5 Setting up the Receiver

Common ways to set up a base station
You can set up a base station in different ways depending on the
application, coverage area, degree of permanence versus mobility, and
available infrastructure. Before you set up a base station, please read
Chapter 4, Setup Guidelines.

Setting up a base station for permanent installation
A permanent base station helps to eliminate the types of error that can
result from repeated daily setups, and ensures that you always use the
GPS antenna at the exact original location. The requirement for a
permanent base station setup increases as more receivers that use the
base station as a source of corrections, increases the cost of any base
station downtime.
An AgGPS RTK Base 450/900 GPS receiver is used as the base station,
located where it is secure from theft and the weather. The GPS antenna
are mounted on a permanent structure, such as on the roof of the
building, concrete post, or other sturdy mounting point, where it is clear
from obstructions. The radio antenna is mounted as high as possible, on
a pole, tower or other high structure that can provide the maximum
range of operation.
The GPS antenna supplied with the AgGPS RTK Base 450/900 is the
Trimble Zephyr Geodetic Model 2. This antenna has a large ground
plane that eliminates multipath, providing the best GPS performance at
the base location. The antennas are connected to the receiver by high
quality RF cables.
The receiver is connected to a permanent power supply (mains or
generator power).
The internal battery of the receiver is always being charged, and acts as
an uninterruptible power supply if there is a power failure.



Setting up a mobile base station: Tripod and fixed height
tripod
If you are repeatedly moving between fields, Trimble recommends that
you use either a tripod and tribrach setup, or a fixed height tripod.
The fixed height tripod is quicker and easier to set up over a control
point. Take great care to ensure that the GPS antenna is set up
accurately over the control point, and that the GPS antenna height is
measured accurately, in the right way (vertical or slope height) to the
right location on the antenna (base of antenna or to a specified location
on the antenna). When you start the rover receiver, it is extremely
important to check in, at one or more known locations, to check for
possible position or height errors.
Checking in at a known location is good practice and can avoid costly
errors caused by a bad setup.
Typically, the tripod and fixed height tripod methods do not give
significant height clearance above the ground, and can reduce the range
of operation caused by radio limitations.

Tripod and tribrach setup
In the tripod setup, the tripod is located over the control point, and the
tribrach and tribrach adaptor is mounted on the tripod and centered
over the point.
1. Place the external antenna bracket on the tribrach adapter and
mount the GPS antenna on the tribrach adaptor sandwiching the
external antenna bracket to hold it in place.
2. Clip the GPS receiver to the tripod if desired. Alternatively, the
GPS receiver can remain in the carrying case.
3. Connect the GPS antenna to the receiver using the cable
provided.



4. If necessary, connect the GPS receiver to an external 12 V power
supply using the crocodile clip cable.
5. Mount the external radio antenna to the bracket and connect the
antenna to the receiver using the cable provided.

Fixed height tripod setup
A fixed height tripod setup is similar to a tripod setup, but is simplified
by the central leg of the tripod, that is placed directly on the control
point. If the central leg is leveled accurately, the fixed height tripod is
quick and easy to set up, and provides an accurate way to measure the
true antenna height.
1. Set up the tripod over the control point.
2. Attach the GPS antenna to the head of the tripod.
3. If using an external high-gain radio antenna, mount the radio
antenna to the radio antenna bracket that is attached to the head
of the tripod (beneath the GPS antenna).
4. Hook the receiver to the center leg of the tripod, using the tripod
clip. Alternatively, the GPS receiver can remain in the carrying
case.

External radio-modems
The most common data link for Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) operation
is a radio. The AgGPS RTK Base 450/900 receiver is available with the
following internal radios:
• 410–430 MHz (Tx/Rx, Rx only, or Tx only)
• 900 MHz (Tx/Rx, Rx only, or Tx only)



Note – "Tx" indicates that the radio transmits corrections. "Rx" indicates
that the receiver receives corrections. "Tx/Rx" indicates that the radio both
transmits and receives corrections.
If the AgGPS RTK Base receiver does not have an internal transmit
radio, or you want to connect to higher power or to a secondary
external transmit radio or cellular modem, use the 26-pin port, the
Lemo port, or Bluetooth wireless technology.
The AgGPS RTK Base receiver supports the following Trimble base
radios:
• TRIMMARK™ 3 radio
• Trimble SNB900 radio
• Trimble PDL450 radio
• Trimble HPB450 radio
When used with an AgGPS RTK Base receiver, most external radios
require an external power source. Only the Trimble SNB900 radio-
modem has an internal battery and does not require external power.
Configure the external radio separately, using either the configuration
program for the external radio or the radio display and keypad.
To configure the AgGPS RTK Base for RTK operation, follow the base
setup procedure to set the following parameters:
• Set the base station coordinates
• Enable the CMR+™ corrections stream on the selected serial port.


CHAPTER

6
Configuring the Receiver Using
the Keypad and Display 6

In this chapter: The receiver features a keypad and
display (see Keypad and display, page 17)
Button functions so that you can configure the receiver
Power button operations without using a computer.
Home screen
Status screens
Configuring the receiver as
a base receiver
Configuring system
settings


6 Configuring the Receiver Using the Keypad and Display

Button functions
The AgGPS RTK Base 450/900 receiver has seven buttons on the front
panel to control the receiver. Use the buttons to turn the receiver on and
off and to check or change the receiver settings.

Button Name Function
Power Turns the receiver on and off. To turn the receiver off, hold the Power
E button for two seconds

Escape Returns to the previous screen or cancels changes being made on a screen.
F
Enter Advances to the next screen or accepts changes made on a screen.
L
Up Moves the cursor between multiple fields on a screen or makes changes to
J an editable field.

Down Moves the cursor between multiple fields on a screen or makes changes to
K an editable field.

Left Moves the cursor between characters in a field that can be changed.
I
Right Moves the cursor between characters in a field that can be changed. Press
G this button to enter Edit mode.


Configuring the Receiver Using the Keypad and Display 6

Power button operations
Press the Power button E to turn the receiver on and off. In addition,
you can tap the Power button to return to the Home screen, or hold
down the Power button to perform the following operations:

To … Hold the E Notes
button for …
turn off the receiver two seconds The display shows a countdown timer. When the
display goes blank, release the Power button.
clear the almanac, 15 seconds The display show a countdown timer. When the
ephemeris, and SV display goes blank, continue to hold the Power
information button. The display shows a countdown time to
clear the almanac and ephemeris. When the
counter reaches 0, release the Power button.
reset the receiver to its 35 seconds The display show a countdown timer. When the
factory defaults and display goes blank, continue to hold the Power
the default application button. The display show a countdown to clear the
file almanac and ephemeris. When the counter reaches
0, continue to hold the Power button. The display
indicates a countdown to resetting the receiver.
When the counter reaches 0, release the Power
button.
force the receiver to at least 60 If the reset method above does not work, use this
power down seconds method to force the receiver to turn off. When the
Power LED goes off, release the Power button.



Home screen
The Home screen is the main screen displayed on the receiver. If the
receiver is displaying another screen and is left idle for 60 seconds, you
are returned to the Home screen. It shows the following information:
• Number of satellites being tracked
• Internal battery power remaining
• Current mode configuration
• Internal radio activity
• Internal radio channel or network

Status screens
The receiver has several view-only status screens that allow you to
review the current settings of the receiver. The status screens provide
the following information:
• Position solution and precisions
• CMR™ IDs
• Base name and code
• Latitude, longitude, and height
• Antenna height
• Horizontal and vertical precision
• Receiver firmware version
• Receiver serial number
To access these screens from the Home screen, press J or K .



Configuring the receiver as a base receiver
To set up the AgGPS RTK Base receiver as a base receiver, use AutoBase
technology or the receiver keypad.
The AutoBase feature automatically configures the receiver settings for
you: there is no need to use the keypad. The receiver obtains a position
and outputs RTK corrections on the internal radio. See Chapter 7,
Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase
Technology.
The receiver is configured step-by-step to ensure that all appropriate
settings are configured. To move between steps in the configuration
process, press L  .

Configuring the receiver
1. In the Home screen, press L Use the Operation Mode screen to
.
configure system settings, mode settings, or to view the SV
(satellite) status. Mode Settings is the default setting.
2. Press L. Base is the default setting and cannot be changed.
3. Press L. Use the Base Station screen to select whether the
receiver is going to use a “Here” position or if the current
coordinates in the receiver will be changed.
4. Press G. When Edit Current begins to flash, the receiver is in
Edit mode and you can change the current setting.
5. Press K The setting changes to New Base (Here).
.
6. Press L to accept the change.
7. Press L again. The Base Name screen appears. See next.



Changing the name and description of the base station
In the Base Name screen:
1. Press G. When the first character of the base name begins to
flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can change the current
setting.
2. Press J or K  change the value of the character.
to
3. Press Gto move the cursor to the next character.
4. Repeat Step 2 through Step 3 to enter the name of the base
station. The name can be up to 16 characters. Press L to accept
the change.
5. Press L again. Use the Base Code screen to change the code
(description) for the base station. Entering a base code is optional
and is not required to operate a base station.
6. Press G. When the first character of the base code begins to
flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can change the current
setting.
to
9. Repeat Step 7 through Step 8 to enter the code of the base
station. The code can be up to 16 characters.
11. Press L again. The Base Latitude screen appears. See next.



Setting the reference latitude, longitude, and height of the
base station
In the Base Latitude screen:
1. If the base station was set with a “Here” position, press L to
continue. To edit the Base Latitude setting, press G to start
editing and then use the K and K arrows to change the value of
the character to edit.
2. The Base Longitude screen is used to change the reference
longitude of the base station. The base was set up with a “Here”
position, so press L.
3. The Point Height screen is used to change the reference height of
the base station. The base was set up with a “Here” position, so
press L.
4. Use the Antenna Type screen to select the type of antenna used
with the receiver. Press G. When the antenna name begins to
flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can select an antenna.
5. Press K  scroll through the antenna models until Zephyr
to
Geodetic Model 2 appears.
7. Press L again. The Measured To screen appears. See next.

Measuring and changing the antenna height
In the Measured To screen:
1. Press G. When the antenna measurement method begins to
flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can select an antenna
measurement method.
2. Press K  scroll through the measurement methods until APC
to
appears. Press L to accept the change.
3. Press L.



4. Use the Antenna Height screen to change the height of the
antenna. Press L. When the first character of the antenna
height begins to flash, the receiver is in Edit mode and you can
change the antenna height. The antenna height should be set to
0.00 for most applications.
to
7. Repeat Step 5 through Step 6 to enter the height of the antenna.
9. Press L again. The Output screen appears. See next.

Outputting corrections
In the Output screen:
1. Press Gto enter Edit mode for the port.
2. Press J or K  change which port will be used to output
to
corrections. Select Radio to use the internal radio, or Lemo to use
an external radio connected via the Lemo connector.
4. Press K  move the cursor to the Format field. The default
to
format is RTK CMR+, which cannot be changed.
5. Press L.
6. Use the NMEA screen to set up NMEA outputs from the receiver.
Press L to accept the default of no NMEA messages.
7. Use the GSOF screen to set up GSOF outputs from the receiver.
Press L to accept the default of no GSOF messages.
8. Use the RT17 screen to set up RT17 outputs from the receiver.
Press L to accept the default of no RT17 messages.
The Home screen appears and the base setup is complete.



Configuring system settings
You can use the keypad and display of the receiver to configure the
following settings:
• Display language
• Display and input units
• Baud rate, parity, data bits, and stop bits for serial ports
• Display power saver
• AutoBase warning
To access the system settings:
1. In the Home screen, press L. Use the Operation Mode screen to
configure system settings or mode settings, and to view the SV
(satellite) status. Mode Settings is the default setting.
2. Press G. When the operation mode begins to flash, the receiver
is in Edit mode and you can change this setting.
3. Press K  change to System Setup.
to
5. Press L again.
6. Use the Display Language screen, if necessary, to change the
language. Choose English, Finnish, French, German, Italian,
Spanish, or Swedish. Press L to accept the change.
7. Press L again. Use the Display and Input Units screen, if
necessary, to change the units to Meters or US Feet.
9. Press L again. Use the Port Settings screen, if necessary, to
change the port.
11. Press L again. Use the Screen Pwr Savr screen to choose On, Off,
or Auto. If you use the Auto setting, the screen turns off after
60 seconds of inactivity. The Power LED remains lit so that you



can tell if the receiver is on or off. If an error message appears, the
screen comes back on. Press L to accept the change and then
press L again to move to the next screen.
12. The Autobase warning screen appears. See Chapter 7,
Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase
Technology.
14. Press L again. When the Home screen appears, the system
setup is complete.


CHAPTER

7
Automatically Setting up a
Mobile Base Station Using
AutoBase Technology 7

In this chapter: The AutoBase technology is a feature of
the Trimble AgGPS RTK Base receiver
AutoBase Warning that enables you to reduce daily setup
Working with AutoBase time for mobile base stations and to
technology reduce the likelihood of using incorrect
Scenario One: First visit to a
base station coordinates during setup.
site with AutoBase Warning The AutoBase feature allows you to set up
turned off a receiver as a base station receiver and
Scenario Two: First visit to a save you time so you do not need to
site with AutoBase Warning reconfigure the receiver at the start of
turned on each day. It also allows you to set up the
Scenario Three: Repeat visit
base station on a new site without
to a site with AutoBase needing to configure the settings in the
Warning turned off receiver.
Scenario Four: Repeat visit to Even if you have used the AutoBase
a site with AutoBase Warning feature in other Trimble receivers, Trimble
turned on recommends that you read this chapter
The AutoBase process
carefully because new functions in this
feature provide greater benefit to you.


7 Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase Technology

AutoBase Warning
The AutoBase Warning, when enabled, prevents the receiver from
creating a new base station position and beginning operating as an RTK
base station when no previous base station position exists that
corresponds to the current position of the receiver.
When the AutoBase Warning is on, the receiver will not begin
transmitting RTK corrections from a base position (latitude, longitude,
and height) that is not a part of the GPS site calibration. When the
AutoBase Warning is off, the receiver begins transmitting RTK
corrections from a new base position. You need only turn on the
receiver the first time on a point, and you do not need to manually
configure the base station settings.
By default, the receiver has the AutoBase Warning turned on. The
receiver uses the AutoBase Warning setting to control how the receiver
performs when different criteria are met. You can turn the AutoBase
Warning on or off using the keypad and display. For more information,
see Configuring system settings, page 47.

Working with AutoBase technology
This section contains some example scenarios. In each section, there is
a step-by-step process that explains what you will experience in each
scenario.

Scenario One: First visit to a site with AutoBase Warning
turned off
The following actions occur when you set up the base station for the
first time on a new point and the AutoBase Warning is turned off:
1. You turn on the receiver.
2. The receiver begins tracking satellites.
3. The receiver determines the current position.


Automatically Setting up a Mobile Base Station Using AutoBase Technology 7

4. The receiver reviews the previous base station positions stored in
the receiver.
5. The receiver does not find any base station that corresponds to
the current position.
6. The receiver creates a new base station location for the current
location.
7. The receiver sets the antenna height to 0. The antenna height is
measured to the antenna phase center.

C CAUTION – On each reoccupation of the point, you must ensure that the
receiver antenna is set up in exactly the same location and at exactly the
same height. Trimble also recommends that you use a T-bar or Fixed height
tripod so that the position is easy to re-establish. Failure to achieve the
same height position for the antenna results in errors in heights in
subsequent measurements.

Where you set up each time with potentially different antenna
heights, Trimble recommends that on the first setup after
AutoBase has completed its process, that you edit the antenna
height (using the receiver keypad and display). The updated
antenna height changes the AutoBase setup, so that on
subsequent setups, when you again change the antenna height,
you will get correct height information during measurement. At
the first setup, Trimble recommends that you change the
AutoBase setup and antenna height before you carry out a site
calibration.
8. The receiver begins generating RTK CMR+ corrections.
9. The RTK corrections begin streaming over the internal radio. If
there is no internal radio, the receiver defaults to streaming the
corrections on the Lemo port.



Scenario Two: First visit to a site with AutoBase Warning
turned on
The following actions occur when you set up the base station for the
first time on a point, and the AutoBase Warning is turned on:
4. The receiver reviews the base positions stored in the receiver.
5. The receiver does not find any base station that corresponds to
the current position.
6. The receiver displays a warning that AutoBase has failed.
7. No RTK corrections are streamed until the base station is set up
using the keypad and display.

Scenario Three: Repeat visit to a site with AutoBase Warning
turned off
The following actions occur when you repeat a base station setup on a
point, and the AutoBase Warning is turned off:
4. The receiver reviews the base station positions stored in the
receiver.
5. The receiver finds a base station position that corresponds to the
current position.

C CAUTION – If there are two or more base positions within a 50 meter
radius of your current position, the receiver will make the most recently
used base position file active.



6. The antenna type, antenna height, and measurement method
used in the previous setup of this base station are applied.

C CAUTION – If the antenna height is different to the previous setup, then
you must enter the corrected height for the antenna (using the keypad
and display) before starting measurements. Failure to achieve the correct
antenna height position for the antenna results in errors in heights in

7. The receiver begins generating RTK CMR+ messages.
8. The RTK corrections begin streaming on the radio or Lemo port
defined in the application file.

Scenario Four: Repeat visit to a site with AutoBase Warning
turned on
The following actions occur when you repeat a base station setup on a
point, and the AutoBase Warning is turned on:
4. The receiver reviews the base station positions stored in the
receiver.
5. The receiver finds a base station position that corresponds to the
current position.

C CAUTION – If there are two or more base positions within a 50 meter
radius of your current position, the receiver will make the most recently
created base position file active.

6. Since a base station position is found, the AutoBase warning does
not appear.
7. The receiver loads the previous base information.



8. The antenna type, antenna height, and measurement method
used in the previous setup of this base station are applied.

C CAUTION – If the antenna height is different from the previous setup,
then you must enter the corrected height for the antenna (using the
keypad and display) before starting measurements. Failure to achieve the
correct antenna height position for the antenna results in errors in heights
in subsequent measurements.

9. The receiver begins generating RTK CMR+ corrections.
10. The RTK corrections begin streaming on the radio or port defined
in the previous setup of this base station.
Note – AutoBase recalls base station positions that are stored in the
receiver. If the receiver has been previously set up on a control point but the
stored base station position is not found in the receiver, it is possible that
the information may have accidentally been deleted. In this case, use the
display and keypad to manually set up the base station. Make sure that
you use the same base station latitude, longitude, and height as in the
previous setup otherwise you will experience position or height errors in all
Trimble recommends that after any new base station setup, or at the start
of each measurement session, you measure a known point to verify that
position and height errors are within tolerance. This is good practice and it
takes just a few seconds to eliminate potentially gross errors typically
associated with repeated daily base station setups.



The AutoBase process
Figure 7.1 shows the AutoBase process:

Power On
Receiver

Receiver
looks for
application
files

Do
application
files exist?

No Yes

Is
AutoBase
Warning
On or Off? Any
application
file that
corresponds
with the
On Off current
position?

Display No Yes
AutoBase Create new
Warning application
file

Is there more
Save new than one
application No acceptable Yes
file with application
“Auto” base file?
name

Make most
Make
Make new recently
corresponding
“Auto” created
application
application application
file active
file active active

Figure 7.1 Autobase process flowchart


CHAPTER

8
Default Settings 8

In this chapter: All settings are stored in application files.
The default application file, Default.cfg, is
Default receiver settings stored permanently in the receiver, and
Resetting the receiver to contains the factory default settings for
factory defaults the AgGPS RTK Base 450/900 receiver.
Whenever the receiver is reset to its
factory defaults, the current settings
(stored in the current application file,
Current.cfg) are reset to the values in the
default application file.


8 Default Settings

Default receiver settings
These settings are defined in the default application file.

Function Factory default
SV Enable All SVs enabled
General Controls: Elevation mask 10°
PDOP mask 7
RTK positioning mode Low Latency
Motion Kinematic
Lemo Port: Baud rate 38,400
Format 8-None-1
Flow control None
Modem Port: Baud rate 38,400
Format 8-None-1
Flow control None
Input Setup: Station Any
NMEA/ASCII (all supported messages) All ports Off
Streamed output All types Off
Offset = 00
RT17/Binary All ports Off
Reference position: Latitude 0°
Longitude 0°
Altitude 0.00 m HAE (Height above ellipsoid)
Antenna: Type Zephyr Geodetic Model 2
Height (true vertical) 0.00 m
Measurement method True vertical

Resetting the receiver to factory defaults
To reset the receiver to its factory defaults, press E for 35 seconds.


CHAPTER

9
Specifications 9

In this chapter: This chapter details the specifications for
the AgGPS RTK Base receiver.
General specifications
Specifications are subject to change
Physical specifications without notice.
Electrical specifications
Communication
specifications


9 Specifications

General specifications
Feature Specification
Keyboard and display VFD display 16 characters by 2 rows
On/Off key for one button startup using AutoBase technology
Escape and Enter key for menu navigation
Receiver type Modular GPS receiver
Antenna type Zephyr Geodetic Model 2
Also supports legacy Trimble antennas Zephyr™, Zephyr Geodetic,
Micro-Centered™, Z+ Choke Ring, Rugged Micro-Centered.

Physical specifications
Dimensions (L x W x H) 24 cm (9.4 in) x 12 cm (4.7 in) x 5 cm (1.9 in) including connectors
Weight 1.65 kg (3.64 lbs) receiver with internal battery and radio
1.55 kg (3.42 lbs) receiver with internal battery and no radio
Temperature
Operating –40 °C to +65 °C (–40 °F to +149 °F)
Storage –40 °C to +80 °C (–40 °F to +176 °F)
Humidity 100%, condensing
Waterproof IP67 for submersion to depth of 1 m (3.28 ft)
Shock and vibration Tested and meets the following environmental standards:
Shock, non operating Designed to survive a 2 m (6.6 ft) pole drop onto concrete
MIL-STD-810F, Fig. 514.5C-17
Shock, operating To 40 g, 10 ms, saw-tooth
Vibration MIL-STD-810F, Fig 514.5C-17
Measurements Advanced Trimble Maxwell™ Custom GPS chip
Proven Trimble low elevation tracking technology


Specifications 9

Electrical specifications
Power
Internal Integrated internal battery 7.4 V, 7800 mA-hr, Lithium-ion
Internal battery operates as a UPS in the event of external
power source outage
Internal battery will charge from external power source when
input voltage is >15 V
Integrated charging circuitry

External Power input on Lemo 7-P0S is optimized for lead acid
batteries with a cut-off threshold of 10.5 V
Power source supply (Internal / External) is hot-swap capable
in the event of power source removal or cut off
9 V to 30 V DC external power input with over-voltage
protection
Receiver will automatically turn on when connected to
external power source of 15 V or greater
Power consumption <8 W in RTK Base mode with internal transmit radio
Base station operation times on Typically 8–10 hours based on transmitter power, types of
internal battery messages transmitted, and temperature
Certification Part 15.247 and Part 90 FCC certifications
Class B Device FCC Part 15 and ICES-003 certifications
RSS-310, RSS-210 and RSS-119 Industry Canada certifications
ACMA AS/NZS 4295 approval
CE mark compliance
C-tick mark compliance
UN ST/SG/AC 10.11/Rev. 3 Amend. 1 (Li-ion Battery)
UN ST/SG/AC 10/27/Add. 2 (Li-ion Battery)
WEEE


9 Specifications

Communication specifications
Communications
Port 1 (7-pin 0S Lemo) 3-wire RS-232/CAN
Port 2 (D-sub 26-pin) Full RS-232 (through multi-port adaptor)
3-wire RS-232
Bluetooth USB (On the Go)
Ethernet
Fully-integrated, fully-sealed 2.4 GHz Bluetooth1
Integrated radios (optional) Fully-integrated, fully-sealed internal 450 MHz,
Tx, Rx, or Tx/Rx
Fully-integrated, fully-sealed internal 900 MHz,
Tx, Rx, or Tx/Rx

Channel spacing (450 MHz) 12.5 KHz or 25 KHz spacing available

Frequency approvals (900 MHz) USA (-10), Australia (-30), New Zealand (-20)

450 MHz transmitter radio power output 0.5 W / 2.0 W

900 MHz transmitter radio power output 1.0 W
Data output Proprietary Trimble Ag CMR+

1
Bluetooth type approvals are country specific. For more information, contact your local Trimble office
or representative.


APPENDIX

A
Required Radio and GPS Rover
Firmware A

In this appendix: This appendix describes the radios and
radio firmware versions that are
Radio firmware compatible with the AgGPS RTK Base
450/900 GPS receiver.


A Required Radio and GPS Rover Firmware

Radio firmware
The following table shows the compatible firmware versions for
900 MHz rover and repeater radios:

Table A.1 Compatible radio firmware versions

The AgGPS RTK Base 450 is compatible with the:
• SiteNet™ 450 radio
• PDLFix 450
• PDL 450 radio
• AgGPS 450 radio
The AgGPS RTK Base 900 is compatible with the SNB900 version 1.20 or
higher.


Required Radio and GPS Rover Firmware A

GPS rover firmware
Version 3.1 or greater firmware is required on the AgGPS 252 and AgGPS
332 receivers. Version 3.3 or greater is required on the AgGPS 442 GNSS
receiver.
The AgGPS 214 will not accept corrections from the AgGPS RTK Base
450/900 receiver.


A Required Radio and GPS Rover Firmware


APPENDIX

B
Upgrading the Receiver
Firmware B

In this appendix: The GPS receiver is supplied with the
latest version of the receiver firmware
The WinFlash utility already installed. If a later version of the
Upgrading the receiver firmware becomes available, use the
firmware WinFlash utility to upgrade the firmware
Forcing the receiver into
on your receiver.
Monitor mode Firmware updates are available to
download from the Trimble website. Go
to www.trimble.com/support.shtml and
select the link to the receiver that you
need updates for and then click
Downloads.


B Upgrading the Receiver Firmware

The WinFlash utility
The WinFlash utility communicates with Trimble products to perform
various functions including:
• installing software, firmware, and option upgrades
• running diagnostics ( for example, retrieving configuration
information)
• configuring radios
For more information, online help is also available when using the
WinFlash utility.
Note – The WinFlash utility runs on Microsoft Windows 95, 98,
Windows NT®, 2000, Me, or XP operating systems.

Installing the WinFlash utility
The WinFlash utility guides you through the firmware upgrade process,
as described below. For more information, refer to the WinFlash Help.
You can install the WinFlash utility from the Trimble website.


Upgrading the Receiver Firmware B

Upgrading the receiver firmware
1. Start the WinFlash utility. The Device Configuration screen
appears.
2. From the Device type list, select Trimble AgGPS Receiver.
3. From the PC serial port field, select the serial (COM) port on the
computer that the receiver is connected to.
4. Click Next.
The Operation Selection screen appears. The Operations list shows
all of the supported operations for the selected device. A
description of the selected operation is shown in the Description
field.
5. Select Load GPS software and then click Next.
The GPS Software Selection window appears. This screen prompts
you to select the software that you want to install on the receiver.
6. From the Available Software list, select the latest version and then
click Next.
The Settings Review window appears. This screen prompts you to
connect the receiver, suggests a connection method, and then
lists the receiver configuration and selected operation.
7. If all is correct, click Finish.
Based on the selections shown above, the Software Upgrade
window appears and shows the status of the operation ( for
example, Establishing communication with <your receiver>.
Please wait.).
8. Click OK.
The Software Upgrade window appears again and states that the
operation was completed successfully.
9. To select another operation, click Menu ; to quit, click Exit.
If you click Exit, the system prompts you to confirm.
10. Click OK.


B Upgrading the Receiver Firmware

Forcing the receiver into Monitor mode
If the receiver will not go into Monitor mode to load new firmware,
complete the following steps:
1. Turn off the receiver.
2. Press and hold F while turning on the receiver.
3. Continue to hold the F button as the display shows the
countdown timer.
4. Once the display shows Remote Monitor Active:1, release the F
button.
The receiver is forced into Monitor mode and you can load the
new firmware.


APPENDIX

C
Troubleshooting C

In this appendix: Use this appendix to identify and solve
common problems that may occur with
Receiver issues the receiver.
Please read this section before you
contact Technical Support.


C Troubleshooting

Receiver issues
This section describes some possible receiver issues, possible causes,
and how to solve them.

Issue Possible cause Solution
The receiver External power is too low. Check the charge on the external battery and, if
does not turn applicable, check the fuse.
on. Internal power is too low. Check the charge on the internal battery.
External power is not Check that the Lemo connector or 26-pin adaptor
properly connected. is seated correctly, and that the cable is secured to
the receiver.
Check for broken or bent pins in the connector.
Faulty power cable. Check that you are using the correct cable for the
port/battery.
Check that the correct battery is connected to a
particular port.
The ports on the GPS receiver are optimized for
use with different types of battery. The Lemo port
is optimized for external 12 V batteries such as car,
motorcycle, or truck batteries.
The receiver is Receiver needs a soft Turn off the receiver and then turn it back on
not reset. again.
responding. Receiver needs a full Press E for 35 seconds.
reset.


Troubleshooting C

The base Corrections are routed to Check that corrections are routed correctly using
station a port rather than to the the receiver keypad and display.
receiver is not internal radio modem.
broadcasting. Poor radio antenna Check that the antenna connections are made
connections correctly. Ensure that the connectors are seated
tightly and that there are no signs of damage to
the cables.
You are using AutoBase If you set up on a new point on a site that has not
and the AutoBase been occupied previously, the AutoBase Warning
Warning function is will prohibit the base station from broadcasting.
enabled.
Faulty cable between Try a different cable.
receiver and radio. Examine the ports for missing pins.
Use a multimeter to check pinouts.
No power to external If the radio has its own power supply, check the
radio. charge and connections.
If power is routed through the receiver, ensure
that the receiver’s external power source if
charged and that power output on Port 3 is
enabled.


C Troubleshooting

The receiver is The GPS antenna is Make sure that the GPS antenna cable is tightly
not receiving connected to the wrong seated in the GPS antenna connection on the
satellite antenna connector. receiver and not connected to the wrong / radio
signals antenna connector.
The GPS antenna cable is Make sure that the GPS antenna cable is tightly
loose. seated in the GPS antenna connection on the GPS
antenna.
The cable is damaged. Check the cable for any signs of damage. A
damaged cable can inhibit signal detection from
the antenna at the receiver.
The GPS antenna is not in • Make sure that the GPS antenna is located with
clear line of sight to the a clear view of the sky.
sky. • Restart the receiver as a last resort (turn it off
and then turn it on again).


APPENDIX

D
Drawings D

In this appendix: The drawings in this appendix show the
dimensions of the receiver. Refer to these
Back view drawings if you need to build mounting
Side view brackets and housings for the receiver.
Bottom view The dimensions shown in these drawings
are inches, with millimeters shown in
brackets.


D Drawings

Back view

Side view


Drawings D

Bottom view


D Drawings


APPENDIX

E
Receiver Connector Pinout
Information E

In this appendix: The receivers have a wide range of
interfacing options. There are a large
Lemo connector number adaptors and cables available
Modem multi-function from Trimble that provide most of the
port common interfacing combinations.
The receiver has two connectors:
• a zero shell 7-pin lemo connector
• a high-density 26-pin D-sub
connector


E Receiver Connector Pinout Information

Lemo connector
The lemo connector is a 7-pin zero shell lemo connector.

1 7 6

5
2

3 4

Pin Usage
1 RS-232 Signal GND
2 GND
3 RS-232 TX data out
4 CAN-
5 CAN+
6 DC Power In (+) 10.5-28 V DC
7 RS-232 Serial data in


Receiver Connector Pinout Information E

Modem multi-function port

Pin 1 is top left Pin 9 is top right
Pin 10 is middle left Pin 18 is middle right
Pin 19 is bottom left Pin 26 is bottom right

Pin Usage
1 RS-232 Modem port data terminal ready (DTR)
2 RS-232 Modem port clear to send (CTS)
3 RS-232 Modem port Data Set Ready (DSR)
4 RS-232 Modem port Data Carrier Detect (DCD)
5 RS-232 Modem port Ring Indicator (RI)
6 GND
7 RS-232 Modem port 2 Transmit Data (TX)
8 RS-232 Modem port 2 Receive Data (RX)
9 USB+
10 Ethernet Ground (ET_GND RJ45 Pin 4)
11 RS-232 Modem port Ready to Send (TX)
12 RS-232 Modem port Transmit Data (TX)
13 Ethernet Ground (GND RJ45 Pin 5)
15 USB ID
16 Ethernet Receive Data+ (RD-RJ45 Pin 6)
17 Ethernet Transmit Data+ (RD-RJ45 Pin 2)
18 USB-
19 USB Power
20 Not Used (60062-xx)
1PPS (62062-xx)
21 RS-232 Modem Port Receive Data (RX)


E Receiver Connector Pinout Information

Pin Usage
23 GND
24 DC Power In 9–28 V DC
25 Ethernet Receive Data+ (RD+, RJ45 Pin 3)
26 Ethernet Transmit Data+ (TD+, RJ45 Pin 1)


Glossary
1PPS Pulse-per-second. Used in hardware timing. A pulse is generated in
conjunction with a time stamp. This defines the instant when the time
stamp is applicable.
almanac A file that contains orbit information on all the satellites, clock corrections,
and atmospheric delay parameters. The almanac is transmitted by a GPS
satellite to a GPS receiver, where it facilitates rapid acquisition of GPS signals
when you start collecting data, or when you have lost track of satellites and
are trying to regain GPS signals.
The orbit information is a subset of the emphemeris / ephemerides data.
AutoBase AutoBase technology uses the position of the receiver to automatically select
the correct base station; allowing for one button press operation of a base
station. It shortens setup time associated with repeated daily base station
setups at the same location on jobsites.
base station Also called reference station. A base station in construction, is a receiver
placed at a known point on a jobsite that tracks the same satellites as an
RTK rover, and provides a real-time differential correction message stream
through radio to the rover, to obtain centimeter level positions on a
continuous real-time basis. A base station can also be a part of a virtual
reference station network, or a location at which GPS observations are
collected over a period of time, for subsequent postprocessing to obtain the
most accurate position for the location.
BINEX BInary EXchange format. BINEX is an operational binary format standard
for GPS/GLONASS/SBAS research purposes. It has been designed to grow
and allow encapsulation of all (or most) of the information currently allowed
for in a range of other formats.
broadcast An Internet server that manages authentication and password control for a
server network of VRS servers, and relays VRS™ corrections from the VRS server
that you select.


Glossary

carrier A radio wave having at least one characteristic (such as frequency,
amplitude, or phase) that can be varied from a known reference value by
modulation.
carrier The frequency of the unmodulated fundamental output of a radio
frequency transmitter. The GPS L1 carrier frequency is 1575.42 MHz.
carrier phase Is the cumulative phase count of the GPS or GLONASS carrier signal at a
given time.
cellular A wireless adaptor that connects a laptop computer to a cellular phone
modems system for data transfer. Cellular modems, which contain their own
antennas, plug into a PC Card slot or into the USB port of the computer and
are available for a variety of wireless data services such as GPRS.
CMR Compact Measurement Record. A real-time message format developed by
CMR+ Trimble for broadcasting corrections to other Trimble receivers. CMR is a
more efficient alternative to RTCM.
covariance A statistical measure of the variance of two random variables that are
observed or measured in the same mean time period. This measure is equal
to the product of the deviations of corresponding values of the two variables
from their respective means.
datum Also called geodetic datum. A mathematical model designed to best fit the
geoid, defined by the relationship between an ellipsoid and, a point on the
topographic surface, established as the origin of the datum. World geodetic
datums are typically defined by the size and shape of an ellipsoid and the
relationship between the center of the ellipsoid and the center of the earth.
Because the earth is not a perfect ellipsoid, any single datum will provide a
better model in some locations than in others. Therefore, various datums
have been established to suit particular regions.
For example, maps in Europe are often based on the European datum of
1950 (ED-50). Maps in the United States are often based on the North
American datum of 1927 (NAD-27) or 1983 (NAD-83).
All GPS coordinates are based on the WGS-84 datum surface.
deep discharge Withdrawal of all electrical energy to the end-point voltage before the cell or
battery is recharged.
DGPS See real-time differential GPS.


Glossary

differential Differential correction is the process of correcting GPS data collected on a
correction rover with data collected simultaneously at a base station. Because the base
station is on a known location, any errors in data collected at the base
station can be measured, and the necessary corrections applied to the rover
data.
Differential correction can be done in real-time, or after the data has been
collected by postprocessing.
differential GPS See real-time differential GPS.
DOP Dilution of Precision. A measure of the quality of GPS positions, based on the
geometry of the satellites used to compute the positions. When satellites are
widely spaced relative to each other, the DOP value is lower, and position
accuracy is greater. When satellites are close together in the sky, the DOP is
higher and GPS positions may contain a greater level of error.
PDOP (Position DOP) indicates the three-dimensional geometry of the
satellites. Other DOP values include HDOP (Horizontal DOP) and VDOP
(Vertical DOP), which indicate the accuracy of horizontal measurements
(latitude and longitude) and vertical measurements respectively. PDOP is
related to HDOP and VDOP as follows: PDOP2 = HDOP2 + VDOP2
dual-frequency A type of receiver that uses both L1 and L2 signals from GPS satellites. A
GPS dual-frequency receiver can compute more precise position fixes over longer
distances and under more adverse conditions because it compensates for
ionospheric delays.
EGNOS European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service. A satellite-based
augmentation system (SBAS) that provides a free-to-air differential
correction service for GPS. EGNOS is the European equivalent of WAAS,
which is available in the United States.
elevation mask The angle below which the receiver will not track satellites. Normally set to
10 degrees to avoid interference problems caused by buildings and trees,
atmospheric issues, and multipath errors.
ellipsoid An ellipsoid is the three-dimensional shape that is used as the basis for
mathematically modeling the earth’s surface. The ellipsoid is defined by the
lengths of the minor and major axes. The earth’s minor axis is the polar axis
and the major axis is the equatorial axis.
emphemeris / A list of predicted (accurate) positions or locations of satellites as a function
ephemerides of time. A set of numerical parameters that can be used to determine a
satellite’s position. Available as broadcast ephemeris or as postprocessed
precise ephemeris.


Glossary

epoch The measurement interval of a GPS receiver. The epoch varies according to
the measurement type: for real-time measurement it is set at one second; for
postprocessed measurement it can be set to a rate of between one second
and one minute. For example, if data is measured every 15 seconds, loading
data using 30-second epochs means loading every alternate measurement.
feature A feature is a physical object or event that has a location in the real world,
which you want to collect position and/or descriptive information
(attributes) about. Features can be classified as surface or non-surface
features, and again as points, lines/breaklines, or boundaries/areas.
firmware The program inside the receiver that controls receiver operations and
hardware.
GLONASS Global Orbiting Navigation Satellite System. GLONASS is a Soviet space-
based navigation system comparable to the American GPS system. The
operational system consists of 21 operational and 3 non-operational
satellites in 3 orbit planes.
GNSS Global Navigation Satellite System.
GSOF General Serial Output Format. A Trimble proprietary message format.
HDOP Horizontal Dilution of Precision. HDOP is a DOP value that indicates the
accuracy of horizontal measurements. Other DOP values include VDOP
(vertical DOP) and PDOP (Position DOP).
Using a maximum HDOP is ideal for situations where vertical precision is
not particularly important, and your position yield would be decreased by
the vertical component of the PDOP ( for example, if you are collecting data
under canopy).
L1 The primary L-band carrier used by GPS and GLONASS satellites to
transmit satellite data.
L2 The secondary L-band carrier used by GPS and GLONASS satellites to
transmit satellite data.
L2C A modernized code that allows significantly better ability to track the L2
frequency.
L5 The third L-band carrier used by GPS satellites to transmit satellite data. L5
will provide a higher power level than the other carriers. As a result,
acquiring and tracking weak signals will be easier.


Glossary

Moving Base Moving Base is an RTK positioning technique in which both reference and
rover receivers are mobile. Corrections are sent from a “base” receiver to a
“rover” receiver and the resultant baseline (vector) has centimeter-level
accuracy.
MSAS MTSAT Satellite-Based Augmentation System. A satellite-based
augmentation system (SBAS) that provides a free-to-air differential
correction service for GPS. MSAS is the Japanese equivalent of WAAS, which
is available in the United States.
multipath Interference, similar to ghosts on an analog television screen, that occurs
when GPS signals arrive at an antenna having traversed different paths. The
signal traversing the longer path yields a larger pseudorange estimate and
increases the error. Multiple paths can arise from reflections off the ground
or off structures near the antenna.
NMEA National Marine Electronics Association. NMEA 0183 defines the standard
for interfacing marine electronic navigational devices. This standard defines
a number of 'strings' referred to as NMEA strings that contain navigational
details such as positions. Most Trimble GPS receivers can output positions
as NMEA strings.
OmniSTAR The OmniSTAR HP/XP service allows the use of new generation dual-
frequency receivers with the OmniSTAR service. The HP/XP service does not
rely on local reference stations for its signal, but utilizes a global satellite
monitoring network. Additionally, while most current dual-frequency GPS
systems are accurate to within a meter or so, OmniSTAR with XP is accurate
in 3D to better than 30 cm.
PDOP Position Dilution of Precision. PDOP is a DOP value that indicates the
accuracy of three-dimensional measurements. Other DOP values include
VDOP (vertical DOP) and HDOP (Horizontal Dilution of Precision).
Using a maximum PDOP value is ideal for situations where both vertical and
horizontal precision are important.
postprocessing Postprocessing is the processing of satellite data after it has been collected,
in order to eliminate error. This involves using computer software to
compare data from the rover with data collected at the base station.


Glossary

real-time Also known as real-time differential correction or DGPS. Real-time differential
differential GPS GPS is the process of correcting GPS data as you collect it. Corrections are
calculated at a base station and then sent to the receiver through a radio
link. As the rover receives the position it applies the corrections to give you a
very accurate position in the field.
Most real-time differential correction methods apply corrections to code
phase positions.
While DGPS is a generic term, its common interpretation is that it entails
the use of single-frequency code phase data sent from a GPS base station to
a rover GPS receiver to provide sub-meter position accuracy. The rover
receiver can be at a long range (greater than 100 kms (62 miles)) from the
base station.
rover A rover is any mobile GPS receiver that is used to collect or update data in
the field, typically at an unknown location.
Roving mode Roving mode applies to the use of a rover receiver to collect data, stakeout,
or control earthmoving machinery in real time using RTK techniques.
RTCM Radio Technical Commission for Maritime Services. A commission
established to define a differential data link for the real-time differential
correction of roving GPS receivers. There are three versions of RTCM
correction messages. All Trimble GPS receivers use Version 2 protocol for
single-frequency DGPS type corrections. Carrier phase corrections are
available on Version 2, or on the newer Version 3 RTCM protocol, which is
available on certain Trimble dual-frequency receivers. The Version 3 RTCM
protocol is more compact but is not as widely supported as Version 2.
RTK real-time kinematic. A real-time differential GPS method that uses carrier
phase measurements for greater accuracy.
SBAS Satellite-Based Augmentation System. SBAS is based on differential GPS, but
applies to wide area (WAAS/EGNOS and MSAS) networks of reference
stations. Corrections and additional information are broadcast via
geostationary satellites.
signal-to-noise SNR. The signal strength of a satellite is a measure of the information
ratio content of the signal, relative to the signal’s noise. The typical SNR of a
satellite at 30° elevation is between 47 and 50 dBHz.
skyplot The satellite skyplot confirms reception of a differentially corrected GPS
signal and displays the number of satellites tracked by the GPS receiver, as
well as their relative positions.


Glossary

SNR See signal-to-noise ratio.
triple frequency A type of receiver that uses three carrier phase measurements (L1, L2, and
GPS L5).
UTC Universal Time Coordinated. A time standard based on local solar mean
time at the Greenwich meridian.
VRS Virtual Reference Station. A VRS system consists of GPS hardware, software,
and communication links. It uses data from a network of base stations to
provide corrections to each rover that are more accurate than corrections
from a single base station.
To start using VRS corrections, the rover sends its position to the VRS server.
The VRS server uses the base station data to model systematic errors (such
as ionospheric noise) at the rover position. It then sends RTCM correction
messages back to the rover.
WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System. WAAS was established by the Federal
Aviation Administration (FAA) for flight and approach navigation for civil
aviation. WAAS improves the accuracy and availability of the basic GPS
signals over its coverage area, which includes the continental United States
and outlying parts of Canada and Mexico.
The WAAS system provides correction data for visible satellites. Corrections
are computed from ground station observations and then uploaded to two
geostationary satellites. This data is then broadcast on the L1 frequency, and
is tracked using a channel on the GPS receiver, exactly like a GPS satellite.
Use WAAS when other correction sources are unavailable, to obtain greater
accuracy than autonomous positions. For more information on WAAS, refer
to the FAA website at http://gps.faa.gov.
The EGNOS service is the European equivalent and MSAS is the Japanese
equivalent of WAAS.
WGS-84 World Geodetic System 1984. Since January 1987, WGS-84 has superseded
WGS-72 as the datum used by GPS.
The WGS-84 datum is based on the ellipsoid of the same name.


Glossary


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Trimble Agriculture Division Trimble GmbH Trimble Navigation Australia PTY
10355 Westmoor Drive, Suite Am Prime Parc 11 Limited
#100 65479 Raunheim Level 1/120 Wickham Street
Westminster, CO 80021 GERMANY Fortitude Valley, QLD 4006
USA AUSTRALIA

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MANUAL DE CONFIGURACION BASE RTK

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