Mapping workshop GRIPS 161222
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- A study examined insects caught in straw mats used to wrap pine trees over four years and found that 55% were beneficial insects while only 4% were harmful. - The mats contained hundreds of spiders and assassin bugs that prey on harmful insects. However, egger moth caterpillars and nematodes that damage trees remain on the trees after the mats are removed. - The traditional practice of wrapping trees in winter is thought to provide places for beneficial insects to survive the winter. However, the study found that burning the mats after removal kills both harmful and beneficial insects, so a better approach is needed.
Mapping workshop GRIPS 161222
- 1. Concept Mapping for Complexity Management Lawrie Hunter National Graduate Research Institute for Policy Studies http://lawriehunter.com lawriehunter@gmail.com
- 2. Please don’t take notes! This powerpoint is designed to be read later, so as Hunter speaks, please try to catch the GESTALT of each slide ... and do download the file from www.slideshare.net/rolenzo/presentations
- 3. Concept Mapping for Complexity Management To be knowledgeable in some area is to understand the interrelationships among the important concepts in that domain. Goldsmith, T. E., Johnson, P. J., & Acton, W. H. (1991). Assessing structural knowledge. Journal of Educational Psychology, 83(1), 88–96.
- 4. The student and complexity
- 5. The PhD experience: extensive detailed knowledge and high cognitive load
- 8. Why is writing so hard?
- 9. Why is writing so hard? Writing is linear, like speech. Information is not linear.
- 10. Example of complexity work Abstract The internationalisation of currencies is a topic that has received substantial attention following the recent inclusion of the currency X in the International Monetary Fund’s Special Drawing Rights. Although currency internationalisation is fundamentally an outward-oriented policy goal, there is a tendency to link it exclusively to capital account liberalisation and domestic financial deregulation; this has shifted debate on the subject in a more inward- oriented direction. The present paper seeks to reconcile these two perspectives by demonstrating how currency internationalisation hinges critically on international liquidity provision. Proceeding on the assumption that international currencies, both as a matter of historical experience and macroeconomic logic, are associated with current account deficits, the argument is made here that international liquidity provision depends crucially on economic structural and international institutional conditions. This paper demonstrates how an economy’s position within the international monetary system and regional supply chains shapes its development path and mode of production, which in turn become important determinants of its currency’s international profile. Then the historical experience of the Japanese yen is applied to the case of internationalisation of currency X, and the resulting analysis suggests that internal rebalancing towards greater domestic consumption and external rebalancing towards higher imports will be required if the international role of currency X is to expand.
- 11. Example of complexity work
- 12. Example of complexity work Can you see the structure? Abstract The internationalisation of currencies is a topic that has received substantial attention following the recent inclusion of the currency X in the International Monetary Fund’s Special Drawing Rights. Although currency internationalisation is fundamentally an outward-oriented policy goal, there is a tendency to link it exclusively to capital account liberalisation and domestic financial deregulation; this has shifted debate on the subject in a more inward-oriented direction. The present paper seeks to reconcile these two perspectives by demonstrating how currency internationalisation hinges critically on international liquidity provision. Proceeding on the assumption that international currencies, both as a matter of historical experience and macroeconomic logic, are associated with current account deficits, the argument is made here that international liquidity provision depends crucially on economic structural and international institutional conditions. This paper demonstrates how an economy’s position within the international monetary system and regional supply chains shapes its development path and mode of production, which in turn become important determinants of its currency’s international profile. Then the historical experience of the Japanese yen is applied to the case of internationalisation of currency X, and the resulting analysis suggests that internal rebalancing towards greater domestic consumption and external rebalancing towards higher imports will be required if the international role of currency X is to expand.
- 13. Example of complexity work Before
- 14. Example of complexity work After
- 15. Joseph Novak: Concept mapping (Novakian mapping) Morespecific This slide courtesy of Ian Kinchin
- 19. Cross-platform: Win, Mac, Linux, iPad Online platform too Freeware (and thus clunky and inelegant) Can make pdfs, web pages, images Huge user group Big cross discipline biennial conference http://cmc.ihmc.us/ Default Novakian tool: Cmaps Default software: Cmap Tools
- 20. Demo: using Cmap tools
- 21. Why do concept mapping? 1 Text analysis 2 Text summarization 3 Text planning
- 22. Today’s task: mapping a text
- 23. Mapping: analyze a confusing text Traditional pest control worse than useless Mar. 27, 2008, The Daily Yomiuri The traditional method of wrapping pine trees in straw matting during winter to protect them from harmful insects is actually counterproductive, a recent study has found. Komo-maki, or straw mat wrapping, is a traditional pest control method used to trap harmful insects in the straw wrapped around the trunk. In early winter, straw mats are wrapped around the trunks to attract insects. During winter, the insects multiply in the warm mats, which are then removed from the trees and burned together with the insects inside in early spring. But a study led by Chikako Niiho, an associate professor of insect ecology at Hyogo University, found that 55 percent of insects caught in straw mats used to wrap pine trees at Himeji Castle in Himeji, Hyogo Prefecture, for four years, were beneficial to trees, while only 4 percent were harmful. An examination of about 350 straw mats used to wrap pine trees at the castle found between zero and six egger moth caterpillars, a tree pest, each year from 2002-04, and only 44 even in the worst year, 2005. The team found no long-horned beetles--not itself a pest, but a carrier of pinewood nematodes, which damage trees. Together with egger moths, pinewood nematodes are the main cause of pine wilt, a disease fatal to pine trees. On the other hand, the researchers found between 337 and 625 spiders of various species that prey on insects harmful to trees. Also found in the mats were between 90 and 486 assassin bugs, which also prey on pests. According to researchers, egger moth caterpillars live under bark and are found in cracks in the trunk after the removal of mats, with a lot of egger moth pupae found in the same places in summer. Nematodes also inhabit trunks, meaning the straw mat wrapping is useless as a way of getting rid of them. It is thought that the wrapping of pine trees in winter started in the Edo period (1603-1867), when it was common practice in the gardens of feudal lords. The wrapping has been an annual event at Himeji Castle since the 1960s. But there has long been suspicion that the wrapping serves little purpose. For this reason, while wrapping is still employed in famous places such as Miho no Matsubara (Miho Pine Grove) in Shizuoka and Okayama Korakuen garden in Okayama, the method was abandoned 20 years ago in the Outer Garden of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo and Kyoto Imperial Palace Garden in Kyoto. Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, did not employ the method this year and Hiratsuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, is considering dropping it. Niiho said straw mats provide places for beneficial insects to pass the winter. Places that want to continue the wrapping should only burn the mats after giving the beneficial insects time to get away, she advised. A spokesman for Himeji Castle Office said: "It's true we found many spiders in the mats, but as we never knew they were good for the trees we burned them anyway. We want to figure out a better way."
- 24. Text analysis: find structure signal words Traditional pest control worse than useless (Mar. 27, 2008, The Yomiuri Shimbun) The traditional method of wrapping pine trees in straw matting during winter to protect them from harmful insects is actually counterproductive, a recent study has found. Komo-maki, or straw mat wrapping, is a traditional pest control method used to trap harmful insects in the straw wrapped around the trunk. In early winter, straw mats are wrapped around the trunks to attract insects. During winter, the insects multiply in the warm mats, which are then removed from the trees and burned together with the insects inside in early spring. But a study led by Chikako Niiho, an associate professor of insect ecology at Hyogo University, found that 55 percent of insects caught in straw mats used to wrap pine trees at Himeji Castle in Himeji, Hyogo Prefecture, for four years, were beneficial to trees, while only 4 percent were harmful. An examination of about 350 straw mats used to wrap pine trees at the castle found between zero and six egger moth caterpillars, a tree pest, each year from 2002-04, and only 44 even in the worst year, 2005. The team found no long-horned beetles--not itself a pest, but a carrier of pinewood nematodes, which damage trees. Together with egger moths, pinewood nematodes are the main cause of pine wilt, a disease fatal to pine trees. On the other hand, the researchers found between 337 and 625 spiders of various species that prey on insects harmful to trees. Also found in the mats were between 90 and 486 assassin bugs, which also prey on pests. According to researchers, egger moth caterpillars live under bark and are found in cracks in the trunk after the removal of mats, with a lot of egger moth pupae found in the same places in summer. Nematodes also inhabit trunks, meaning the straw mat wrapping is useless as a way of getting rid of them. It is thought that the wrapping of pine trees in winter started in the Edo period (1603-1867), when it was common practice in the gardens of feudal lords. The wrapping has been an annual event at Himeji Castle since the 1960s. But there has long been suspicion that the wrapping serves little purpose. For this reason, while wrapping is still employed in famous places such as Miho no Matsubara (Miho Pine Grove) in Shizuoka and Okayama Korakuen garden in Okayama, the method was abandoned 20 years ago in the Outer Garden of the Imperial Palace in Tokyo and Kyoto Imperial Palace Garden in Kyoto. Hamamatsu, Shizuoka Prefecture, did not employ the method this year and Hiratsuka, Kanagawa Prefecture, is considering dropping it. Niiho said straw mats provide places for beneficial insects to pass the winter. Places that want to continue the wrapping should only burn the mats after giving the beneficial insects time to get away, she advised. A spokesman for Himeji Castle Office said: "It's true we found many spiders in the mats, but as we never knew they were good for the trees we burned them anyway. We want to figure out a better way."
- 25. Mapping a text: analyze Cool hint: in Word, make each sentence a paragraph; then select all and paste into Excel: 1 sentence/cell!
- 26. insects are burned found in the straw is actually counterproductive to protect them from harmful insects only 4% harmful insects spiders burning the mats in summer traditional tree wrapping method still employed in famous places long suspected to be low value started in the Edo period Niiho studywrapping pine trees in straw during winter insects multiply in the mats 55% beneficial insects prey on harmful insects each year for 4 years examined the insects in the mats in the spring Mapping a text: 1. distil – choose key concepts 2. constrain (fewer than 12 nodes)
- 27. Mapping a text: 3. arrange (read down) and link 4. name the link relations
- 28. That’s it! Now it’s up to you… with help. Please share your maps with Hunter. lawriehunter.com lawriehunter@gmail.com slideshare.net/rolenzo/presentations
- 29. Mapping: write from the map (use structure signals) In Japan, a study of the Japanese study examined the efficacy of the traditional Japanese method of wrapping pine trees in straw matting during winter to protect them from harmful insects. The report of the study claims that wrapping is actually counterproductive.In a four year study, the researcher examined the insects caught in the straw mats used to wrap pine trees at one location. More than half of the insects caught were actually helpful to trees; few were harmful. However, hundreds of spiders and bugs that prey on harmful insects were found in the mats. Harmful egger moth caterpillars live under bark of the trees, and remain there when the mats are removed. Harmless beetles which carry harmful nematodes also remain after the wraps come off.The study concluded that since beneficial insects pass the winter in the mats, the insects should be allowed to escape from the mats before they are burned.
- 30. How do we arrange text? Rhetorical Structure Theory http://ww.sfu.ca/rst/ IMRAD Introduction Method Results Analysis Discussion SPSE Situation Problem Solution Evaluation