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MAT 510 Final Exam (3 Set, 100% Score)
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MAT 510 Final Exam Set 1
Question 1
Improvement is needed for an organization to survive because:
Question 2
The Statistical Thinking Strategy has significant commonality with the
scientific method. Which of the following statistical thinking principles
is NOT generally associated with the scientific method?
Question 3
Viewing a business as a system is important because:

Question 4
Improving the quality of process measurements is:
Question 5
Suppose the Problem Solving Framework were used to attack a
problem where the process in question was inherently stable. Which of
the following would be a likely result of this effort?
Question 6
The histogram below showing ages of credit card holders displays what
type of distribution?
Question 7
A main purpose of a control chart is to:
Question 8

The histogram has which of the following limitations?
Question 9
Non-random and unpredictable patterns on a control chart indicate:
Question 10
A comparison between the Cp and Cpk for a process would find which
of the following to be true?
Question 11
A statistic that is used to indicate too much correlation between the
predictors in a regression analysis is called the:
Question 12

An Adjusted R-square value is a correlation coefficient that has been
modified to account for:
Question 13
Tips for building useful models include:
Question 14
The model residuals are examined to:
Question 15
Results of regression analysis are often abused in the following ways:
Question 16
The basic reason for randomness of sampling in design of experiments
is:
Question 17

In every experiment there is experimental error. Which of the
following statements is true?
Question 18
An aspect of good experimental strategy is to study the effects of the
variables
(Xs) over a wide range. This strategy increases the chances that effects
will be found because:
Question 19
This technique is used to eliminate the effects of nuisance factors (e.g.,
machines, day of week, and season of year) from an experiment.
Question 20
A 32 experiment means that we are experimenting with:
Question 21

We ran a taste-test to see which soft drink employees in our company
prefer. We had 100 employees, selected as randomly as possible, taste
test two brands and determine which they preferred. Which of the
following would be a reasonable statistical analysis to determine if there
is a clear preference among our employees?
Question 22
We are testing the null hypothesis that the average monthly revenue
between four insurance offices is the same. We obtained a p-value of
.07. Which of the following would be an appropriate conclusion about
the population?
Question 23
For which of the following scenarios am I most likely to utilize a Chi-
squared test?
Question 24
Which of the following could be considered a prediction interval?

Question 25
I have made a mistake in copying data into my computer to perform a
large regression model with 20 independent variables. Basically, I ended
up with random data in each of the columns. However, I accidentally ran
the regression anyway. Making reasonable assumptions, which of the
following outcomes is most likely?
• Question 1
In every experiment there is experimental error. Which of the
following statements is true?
• Question 2

• Question 3
variables
• Question 4
A 32 experiment means that we are experimenting with:
• Question 5
Given the plot below, what might you suspect about factors A and B?
• Question 6
Which type of variation was critical to resolving the realized revenue
case study?

• Question 7
Figure 2.15 displays a model of the statistics discipline, showing the
relationship between statistical thinking, statistical engineering, and
statistical methods and tools. Which of the following is a principle
illustrated by this model?
• Question 8
• Question 9
A statistic that is used to indicate too much correlation between the
predictors in a regression analysis is called the:
• Question 10
The best way to evaluate the validity of a statistical model is:
• Question 11

George Box tells us “all models are wrong but some are useful”. By
this comment he means:
• Question 12
Models based on subject matter fundamentals (theory) are generally
better than statistical models for:
• Question 13
the population?
• Question 14
I have calculated an interval to document the uncertainty in my
estimate of the long-term standard deviation I will experience in time to
pay invoices in my business going forward. Baaed on this information,
this should be considered what type of interval?

• Question 15
After running an ANOVA comparing the average years of experience
between five different job classifications, we obtained a p value of .02.
Which of the following would be a reasonable conclusion concerning
the population in this case?
• Question 16
squared test?
• Question 17
• Question 18
• Question 19

Control limits were originally defined at the three-sigma level because:
• Question 20
If my histogram appears bimodal, what tool might help me evaluate
why?
• Question 21
In evaluating data on our process outputs, four characteristics we might
investigate are: central tendency, variation, shape of distribution, and
stability. Which of the following tools would be most helpful to
determine stability of the process?
• Question 22
• Question 23
Non-random and unpredictable patterns on a control chart indicate:

• Question 24
Refer to Figure 3.21 and choose the correct statement for the
measurements
• Question 25
Processes are important because:
• Question 1
Lean manufacturing, Six Sigma, Total Quality Management are some of
the new systems for managing and improving an organization. What is a
common theme running through these approaches?

• Question 2
• Question 3
The Hidden Factory is:
• Question 4
Sub-optimization occurs when:
• Question 5
Suppose the Process Improvement Framework were used to attack a
problem where the process in question was inherently unstable. Which
of the following would be a likely result of this effort?

• Question 6
• Question 7
Control limits were originally defined at the three-sigma level because:
• Question 8
In evaluating data on our process outputs, four characteristics we might
investigate are: central tendency, variation, shape of distribution, and
stability. Which of the following tools would be most helpful to
determine the shape of the distribution?
• Question 9
If my histogram appears bimodal, what tool might help me evaluate
why?

• Question 10
A process is said to be capable if:
• Question 11
Results of regression analysis are often abused in the following ways:
• Question 12
• Question 13
The best way to evaluate the validity of a statistical model is:
• Question 14
Process models are used to:

• Question 15
An Adjusted R-square value is a correlation coefficient that has been
modified to account for:
• Question 16
The basic reason for randomness of sampling in design of experiments
is:
• Question 17
Identify the assumption that is NOT made when conducting an
experiment:
• Question 18
In the experimental layout below, which are the most important factors?
Factor A Factor B Factor C Y
-1 -1 -1 150

1 -1 -1 148
-1 1 -1 156
1 1 -1 158
-1 -1 1 137
1 -1 1 132
-1 1 1 145
1 1 1 147
• Question 19
variables
• Question 20

• Question 21
We have conducted an election poll of 600 likely voters, collected as
randomly as possible. The 95% confidence interval (CI) for those
planning to vote for Senator Smith is about 55% +/- 4%. How many
additional likely voters would we need to poll to reduce the CI width to
+/- 2%? Hint – you do not need to calculate the exact value to answer
this question.
• Question 22
squared test?
• Question 23
We are conducting a poll for the mayoral election of a medium sized
city, and found with one week before the election that the Democrat
candidate is leading with 52% planning to vote for her, 46% planning to
vote for the Republican, with 2% not sure. The 95% confidence interval
for proportion planning to vote for the Democrat is +/- 3%. Based on
this information, and making reasonable assumptions, which of the
following statements is correct?

• Question 24
the population?
• Question 25
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MAT 510 Midterm Exam (3 Set, 100% Score)

MAT 510 Midterm Exam Set 1
MAT 510 MIDTERM First Attempt
• Question 1
• Question 2
Why is it so difficult for a person or an organization to improve?
• Question 3
A SIPOC map is:
• Question 4

Lean manufacturing, Six Sigma, Total Quality Management are some of
the new systems for managing and improving an organization. What is a
common theme running through these approaches?
• Question 5
Problem solving activities typically include:
• Question 6
The fact that processes tend to be dynamic, rather than static, is a key
principle of statistical thinking. Which of the following is a natural
consequence of this fact?
• Question 7
• Question 8

Figure 2.16 shows a chart of the Dow Jones Industrial Average from
1990 through 2011. This plot reveals some obvious change points, such
as the 2008 financial collapse, and some unexplainable short-term
variation. Assuming that these are the only sources of variation in this
plot, what source of variation is NOT visible in the plot?
• Question 9
In Figure 2.11, Coach Hau presented data showing where goals were
scored on crosses. This produced unexpected results, in terms of where
the goals came from, and helped his team determine an effective strategy
on free kicks. This is an example of what principle of statistical
thinking?
• Question 10
The Statistical Thinking Strategy illustrated in Figure 2.14 provides a
graphic of the overall approach to driving improvement through
statistical thinking. Which of the following is a key principle illustrated
in this specific graph?

• Question 11
In the soccer case study, Coach Hau developed a flowchart of the steps
one goes through to properly “head” the ball, and then developed unique
drills to develop the team’s skills in each of these steps. This approach is
an example of what statistical thinking principle?
• Question 12
A manufacturing process has been experiencing problems. The
operators charting the process data have identified the cause to be due to
an unanticipated change in incoming raw materials. This problem
should be considered:
• Question 13
Process measurements are:
• Question 14
Process complexity is important because complex processes:

• Question 15
Service and non-manufacturing processes:
• Question 16
• Question 17
The primary goal of process mapping is to:
• Question 18
Service processes are different from manufacturing processes in that:
• Question 19

• Question 20
Use of subject matter knowledge is a key aspect of the Statistical
Thinking Strategy discussed in Chapter 2. For which of the following
case studies in Chapter 4 was this principle NOT clearly applied?
• Question 21
Which of the following are valid statements about the DMAIC
framework?
• Question 22
We learned in Chapter 3 that the measurement process is always
important and worthy of our attention. However, in Chapter 4 we found
that measurement can be absolutely critical to solving the problem. For
which of the case studies in Chapter 4 was measurement NOT discussed
as a critical issue?

• Question 23
Which of the following are accurate statements about the relationship
between the Process Improvement Framework (PIF) and the Problem
Solving Framework (PSF)?
• Question 24
The frameworks discussed in Chapter 4 could be considered more
specific examples of:
• Question 25
If you are thinking creatively about how to take existing tools and link
and sequence them to develop a novel approach to solve important
problems, this would be an example of:
MAT 510 MIDTERM 2ND Attempt
• Question 1

Understanding variation is important because variation:
• Question 2
A SIPOC map is:
• Question 3
• Question 4
Why is it so difficult for a person or an organization to improve?
• Question 5
W. E. Deming commented “You don’t have to make these changes,
survival is not mandatory.” His message is:

• Question 6
The fact that processes tend to be dynamic, rather than static, is a key
principle of statistical thinking. Which of the following is a natural
consequence of this fact?
• Question 7
In the advertising case study, the unexpected “V” shaped pattern in the
plot of advertising dollars versus sales indicated what?
• Question 8
Box, Hunter, and Hunter are quoted in this chapter as stating: “Data
have no meaning in themselves; they are meaningful only in relation to a
conceptual model of the phenomenon studied.” This critical point is
related to which of the following principles of statistical thinking?
• Question 9

Analysts have noticed that October tends to be a bad month in the
collections department – our collections on past due accounts tend to be
consistently lower in October. This issue should be considered:
• Question 10
It is, unfortunately, common in business for managers to demand an
explanation for variation that is, based on statistics, typical and expected
variation, i.e., common cause variation. Alternatively, there may be
obvious special causes in the data that may be shrugged off as “typical
business fluctuations”. Which of the following statements about
interpretation of variation are true?
• Question 11
• Question 12

thinking?
• Question 13
• Question 14
• Question 15
• Question 16

The SIPOC model for a business helps everyone in the company see the
business from an overall perspective by:
I. Keeping a focus on customer needs
II. Identifying inputs and outputs for each step of the process
III. Displaying cross-function activities in simple terms
IV. Helping maintain the big business picture
• Question 17
• Question 18
• Question 19

• Question 20
• Question 21
case study?
• Question 22
• Question 23

• Question 24
The Problem Solving Framework begins with a “Document the
Problem” phase. The Process Improvement Framework does not begin
this way, but rather begins with an “Understand the Process phase.”
Which of the following are valid reasons for this difference?
• Question 25
framework?
• Question 1

W. E. Deming commented “You don’t have to make these changes,
survival is not mandatory.” His message is:
• Question 2
The principal drivers of the rapid change in the global economy are:
• Question 3
Process average or mean:
• Question 4
Which of the following are principles of Statistical Thinking?
• Question 5
A SIPOC map is:

• Question 6
Figure 2.16 shows a chart of the Dow Jones Industrial Average from
1990 through 2011. This plot reveals some obvious change points, such
as the 2008 financial collapse, and some unexplainable short-term
variation. Assuming that these are the only sources of variation in this
plot, what source of variation is NOT visible in the plot?
• Question 7
• Question 8

• Question 9
Analysts have noticed that October tends to be a bad month in the
collections department – our collections on past due accounts tend to be
consistently lower in October. This issue should be considered:
• Question 10
What is tool that can be used to detect the structure variation?
• Question 11
thinking?
• Question 12

• Question 13
• Question 14
• Question 15
• Question 16

measurements
• Question 17
• Question 18
• Question 19
Sub-optimization occurs when:

• Question 20
framework?
• Question 21
• Question 22
The Problem Solving Framework begins with a “Document the
Problem” phase. The Process Improvement Framework does not begin
this way, but rather begins with an “Understand the Process phase.”
Which of the following are valid reasons for this difference?
• Question 23

case study?
• Question 24
• Question 25
Question 1

The standard deviation is:
Question 2
Understanding variation is important because variation:
Question 3
Process improvement activities typically include:
Question 4
Process average or mean:
Question 5
Which of the following are principles of Statistical Thinking?

Question 6
thinking?
Question 7
It is, unfortunately, common in business for managers to demand an
explanation for variation that is, based on statistics, typical and expected
variation, i.e., common cause variation. Alternatively, there may be
obvious special causes in the data that may be shrugged off as “typical
business fluctuations”. Which of the following statements about
interpretation of variation are true?
Question 8

Question 9
Question 10
Question 11

Question 12
A manufacturing process has been experiencing problems. The
operators charting the process data have identified the cause to be due to
an unanticipated change in incoming raw materials. This problem
should be considered:
Question 13
Question 14
Service and non-manufacturing processes:

Question 15
Question 16
Question 17
Question 18

measurements
Question 19
Question 20
case study?
Question 21
Suppose a DMAIC Framework were used to attack a problem where the
process in question was inherently stable. Which of the following would
be a likely result of this effort?
Question 22

We learned in Chapter 3 that the measurement process is always
important and worthy of our attention. However, in Chapter 4 we found
that measurement can be absolutely critical to solving the problem. For
which of the case studies in Chapter 4 was measurement NOT discussed
as a critical issue?
Question 23
Question 24
Question 25

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MAT 510 Week 1 Homework Assignment 1
Homework Assignment 1
Due in Week 1 and worth 30 points
Describe a work task, a hobby, or another activity that you regularly do,
and sequentially list the various actions you take in order to complete
this activity. Consider the complexity of your list and the amount of
steps required to complete the activity.
Answer the following questions in the space provided below:

1. 1. Differentiate the main actions between doing and improving
your activities.
2. 2. Determine the overall manner in which variation has affected
your activities.
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Explain the importance of variation to health-care organizations and
answer the following questions.
1. a. What might be the key processes for health-care
organizations?
2. b. key processes of health-care organizations What are the
potential common causes of variation that would have an impact on the?
3. c. What special causes might be more important than the others?
4. d. How might health-care organizations’ business environment
be dynamic and change over time?
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The following data consists of the actual time used and potential (the
best time possible for this review process) to complete each step in the
review process. The actual times are based on the review of 30 projects.
The potential times are subjective engineering judgment estimates.
Table: Basic Data Review for Construction Project Equipment
Arrangement
Cycle Time (hours)

Step
Description
Actual
Potential
Difference
1
Read basic data package
4
4
—

2
Write, type, proof, sign, copy, and distribute cover letter
21.9
0.5
21.4
3
Queue
40
0
40
4

Lead engineer calls key people to schedule meeting
4
0.25
3.75
5
Write, type, proof, sign, copy, and distribute confirmation letter
25.4
2.1
23.3
6

Hold meeting; develop path forward and concerns
4
4
—
7
Project leader and specialist develop missing information
12
12
—
8
Determine plant preferred vendors

12
12
—
9
Review notes from meeting
12
12
—
10
Resolve open issues

106
104
2
11
Write, type, proof, sign, copy, and distribute basic data acceptance letter
26.5
0.25
26.25
Totals
267.8

151.1
116.7
Use the data in the table above and answer the following questions in the
space provided below:
1. 1. What are the sources of value-added and non-value-added
work in this process?
2. 2. Where are the main opportunities to improve the cycle time of
this process, with respect to both actual time used and the potential best
times? What strategy would you use?
3. 3. Step 10: Resolve Open Issues required 104 hours (potential)
versus 106 hours (actual). Is there an OFI here? Why or why not? If so,
how would you attack it?
4. 4. What do you think are the most difficult critical issues to deal
with when designing a sound cycle time study such as this one?

Type your answers below and submit this file in Week 3 of the online
course shell:
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MAT 510 Week 4 Case Study 1 Statistical Thinking in
Health Care (2 Papers)
This Tutorial contains 2 Papers
Case Study 1: Statistical Thinking in Health Care
Due Week 4 and worth 150 points
Read the following case study.

Ben Davis had just completed an intensive course in Statistical Thinking
for Business Improvement, which was offered to all employees of a
large health maintenance organization. There was no time to celebrate,
however, because he was already under a lot of pressure. Ben works as a
pharmacist's assistant in the HMO's pharmacy, and his manager, Juan de
Pacotilla, was about to be fired. Juan's dismissal appeared to be
imminent due to numerous complaints and even a few lawsuits over
inaccurate prescriptions. Juan now was asking Ben for his assistance in
trying to resolve the problem, preferably yesterday!
"Ben, I really need your help! If I can't show some major improvement
or at least a solid plan by next month, I'm history."
"I'll be glad to help, Juan, but what can I do? I'm just a pharmacist's
assistant."
"I don't care what your job title is; I think you're just the person who can
get this done. I realize I've been too far removed from day-to-day
operations in the pharmacy, but you work there every day. You're in a
much better position to find out how to fix the problem. Just tell me
what to do, and I'll do it."
"But what about the statistical consultant you hired to analyze the data
on inaccurate prescriptions?"
"Ben, to be honest, I'm really disappointed with that guy. He has spent
two weeks trying to come up with a new modeling approach to predict
weekly inaccurate prescriptions. I tried to explain to him that I don't
want to predict the mistakes, I want to eliminate them! I don't think I got
through, however, because he said we need a month of additional data to
verify the model, and then he can apply a new method he just read about

in a journal to identify 'change points in the time series,' whatever that
means. But get this, he will only identify the change points and send me
a list; he says it's my job to figure out what they mean and how to
respond. I don't know much about statistics -- the only thing I remember
from my course in college is that it was the worst course I ever took--
but I'm becoming convinced that it actually doesn't have much to offer in
solving real problems. You've just gone through this statistical thinking
course, though, so maybe you can see something I can't. To me,
statistical thinking sounds like an oxymoron. I realize it's a long shot, but
I was hoping you could use this as the project you need to officially
complete the course."
"I see your point, Juan. I felt the same way, too. This course was
interesting, though, because it didn't focus on crunching numbers. I have
some ideas about how we can approach making improvements in
prescription accuracy, and I think this would be a great project. We may
not be able to solve it ourselves, however. As you know, there is a lot of
finger-pointing going on; the pharmacists blame sloppy handwriting and
incomplete instructions from doctors for the problem; doctors blame
pharmacy assistants like me who actually do most of the computer entry
of the prescriptions, claiming that we are incompetent; and the assistants
tend to blame the pharmacists for assuming too much about our
knowledge of medical terminology, brand names, known drug
interactions, and so on."
"It sounds like there's no hope, Ben!"
"I wouldn't say that at all, Juan. It's just that there may be no quick fix
we can do by ourselves in the pharmacy. Let me explain how I'm

thinking about this and how I would propose attacking the problem
using what I just learned in the statistical thinking course."
Source: G. C. Britz, D. W. Emerling, L. B. Hare, R. W. Hoerl, & J. E.
Shade. "How to Teach Others to Apply Statistical Thinking." Quality
Progress (June 1997): 67--80.
Assuming the role of Ben Davis, write a three to four (3-4) page paper in
which you apply the approach discussed in the textbook to this problem.
You'll have to make some assumptions about the processes used by the
HMO pharmacy. Also, please use the Internet and / or Strayer LRC to
research articles on common problems or errors that pharmacies face.
Your paper should address the following points:
1.Develop a process map about the prescription filling process for
HMO's pharmacy, in which you specify the key problems that the
HMO's pharmacy might be experiencing. Next, use the supplier, input,
process steps, output, and customer (SIPOC) model to analyze the HMO
pharmacy's business process.
2.Analyze the process map and SIPOC model to identify possible main
root causes of the problems. Next, categorize whether the main root
causes of the problem are special causes or common causes. Provide a
rationale for your response.

3.Suggest the main tools that you would use and the data that you would
collect in order to analyze the business process and correct the problem.
Justify your response.
4.Propose one (1) solution to the HMO pharmacy's on-going problem(s)
and propose one (1) strategy to measure the aforementioned solution.
Provide a rationale for your response.
5.Use at least two (2) quality references. Note: Wikipedia and other
Websites do not qualify as academic resources.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
•Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with
one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow APA
format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions.
•Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student's
name, the professor's name, the course title, and the date. The cover page
and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page
length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment
are:
•Describe how organizations use statistical thinking to be more
competitive.
•Apply the basic principles of statistical thinking to business processes.
•Apply the SIPOC model to identify OFIs in business processes.

•Use technology and information resources to research issues in business
process improvement.
•Write clearly and concisely about business process improvement using
proper writing mechanics.
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Discuss one (1) project where you used a problem-solving approach to
address what turned out to be common-cause variation, or where you
used a process improvement approach to deal with a special cause.

If you do not have a personal experience that echoes either of these
situations, you may use Internet to search for a case that reflects either of
these situations.
Examples:
· one’s personal investment strategy since 2008
· reducing waiting times at the local hospital or emergency room
· reducing difficulties trying to connect to a Wi-Fi Internet provider
1. 1. Describe the experience in the project.
2. 2. What were the solutions used to address the problem?
3. 3. Was the case you described a special-cause or common-
cause?

4. 4. Do you feel the solution or approach used appropriate for the
cause?
5. 5. What would you do if you could do it again?
6. 6. What conclusions can you draw from the problem-solving or
process-improvement techniques?
Note: You may create and / or make all necessary assumptions needed
for the completion of this assignment. In your original work, you may
use aspects of existing processes from either your current or a former
place of employment. However, you must remove any and all
identifying information that would enable someone to discern the
organization(s) that you have used.
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The data in below table lists country code and the order to remittance
(OTR) time for hardware / software installations for the last 76
installations (from first to last). OTR is the time it takes from an order
being placed until the system is installed and we receive payment
(remittance). Because this company does business internationally, it also
notes the country of installation using a country code. This code is listed
in the first column.
Table: Country Code and OTR Cycle Time for Software Systems
Installation
Country Code
Cycle Time
Country Code
Cycle Time

21
1
50
1
19
Use the date in table above and answer the following questions in the
1. Does the OTR time appear to be stable? Why or why not?

2. If you were to use a control chart to evaluate stability, which chart
would you use? Why?
3. What can you learn about the distribution of the installation
process?
4. Does it appear that the country has an impact on installation time?
Why or why not?
Type your answers below and submit this file in Week 6 of the online
course shell:
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The experiment data in below table was to evaluate the effects of three
variables on invoice errors for a company. Invoice errors had been a
major contributor to lengthening the time that customers took to pay
their invoices and increasing the accounts receivables for a major
chemical company. It was conjectured that the errors might be due to the
size of the customer (larger customers have more complex orders), the
customer location (foreign orders are more complicated), and the type of
product. A subset of the data is summarized in the following Table.
Table: Invoice Experiment Error Customer Size Customer Location
Product Type Number of Errors - - - 15 + - -
18 - + - 6 + + - 2 - - + 19 +
- + 23 - + + 16 + + + 21 Customer
Size: Small (-), Large (+) Customer Location: Foreign (-), Domestic (+)
Product Type: Commodity (-), Specialty (=)
Reference: Moen, Nolan, and Provost (R. D. Moen, T. W. Nolan and L.
P. Provost. Improving Quality through Planned Experimentation. New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1991)

1. 1. What was the average effect of the process change? Did the
process average increase or decrease and by how much?
2. 2. Analyze the data using the regression model y = b0 + b1x,
where y = time to approve and mail a claim (weekly average), x = 0 for
the old process, and x = 1 for the new process.
3. 3. How does this model measure the effect of the process
change?
4. 4. How much did the process performance change on the
average? (Hint: Compare the values of b1 and the average of new
process performance minus the average of the performance of the old
process.)
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The data in the table below is from a study conducted by an insurance
company to determine the effect of changing the process by which
insurance claims are approved. The goal was to improve policyholder
satisfaction by speeding up the process and eliminating some non-value-
added approval steps in the process. The response measured was the
average time required to approve and mail all claims initiated in a week.
The new procedure was tested for 12 weeks, and the results were
compared to the process performance for the 12 weeks prior to
instituting the change.
Table: Insurance Claim Approval Times (days)
Old Process

New Process
Week
Elapsed Time
Week
Elapsed Time

38.2
19
28.7
8
37.5
20
27.4
9
29

21
28.5
10
31.3
22
25.2
11
38.6

23
24.5
12
39.3
24
23.5

1. What was the average effect of the process change? Did the
process average increase or decrease and by how much?
2. Analyze the data using the regression model y = b0 + b1x, where y
= time to approve and mail a claim (weekly average), x = 0 for the old
process, and x = 1 for the new process.
3. How does this model measure the effect of the process change?
4. How much did the process performance change on the average?
(Hint: Compare the values of b1 and the average of new process
performance minus the average of the performance of the old process.)
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MAT 510 Week 8 Case Study 2 Improving E-Mail
Marketing Response (2 Papers)

This Tutorial contains 2 Papers
Case Study 2: Improving E-Mail Marketing Response
Due Week 8 and worth 160 points
Read the following case study.
Students, please view the "Submit a Clickable Rubric Assignment" in
the Student Center.
Instructors, training on how to grade is within the Instructor Center.
A company wishes to improve its e-mail marketing process, as measured
by an increase in the response rate to e-mail advertisements. The
company has decided to study the process by evaluating all
combinations of two (2) options of the three (3) key factors: E-Mail
Heading (Detailed, Generic); Email Open (No, Yes); and E-Mail Body
(Text, HTML). Each of the combinations in the design was repeated on
two (2) different occasions. The factors studied and the measured
response rates are summarized in the following table.
Write a two to three (2-3) page paper in which you:

1. Use the data shown in the table to conduct a design of experiment
(DOE) in order to test cause-and-effect relationships in business
processes for the company.
2. Determine the graphical display tool (e.g., Interaction Effects
Chart, Scatter Chart, etc.) that you would use to present the results of the
DOE that you conducted in Question 1. Provide a rationale for your
response.
3. Recommend the main actions that the company could take in order
to increase the response rate of its e-mail advertising. Provide a rationale
for your response.
4. Propose one (1) overall strategy for developing a process model for
this company that will increase the response rate of its e-mail advertising
and obtain effective business process. Provide a rationale for your
response.
Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements:
· Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12),
with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow
APA or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any
additional instructions.

· Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the
student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The
cover page and the reference page are not included in the required
assignment page length.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment
are:
· Build regression models for improving business processes.
· Design experiments to test cause-and-effect relationships in
business processes.
· Use technology and information resources to research issues in
business process improvement.
· Write clearly and concisely about business process improvement
using proper writing mechanics.
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The experiment data in below table was to evaluate the effects of three
variables on invoice errors for a company. Invoice errors had been a
major contributor to lengthening the time that customers took to pay
their invoices and increasing the accounts receivables for a major
chemical company. It was conjectured that the errors might be due to the
size of the customer (larger customers have more complex orders), the
customer location (foreign orders are more complicated), and the type of
product. A subset of the data is summarized in the following Table.
Reference: Moen, Nolan, and Provost (R. D. Moen, T. W. Nolan and L.
P. Provost. Improving Quality through Planned Experimentation. New
York: McGraw-Hill, 1991)

1. 1. What is the nature of the effects of the factors studied in this
experiment?
2. What strategy would you use to reduce invoice errors, given the
results of this experiment?
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Suppose the number of equipment sales and service contracts that a store
sold during the last six (6) months for treadmills and exercise bikes was
as follows:

Treadmill Exercise Bike
Total sold 185 123
Service contracts 67 55
The store can only sell a service contract on a new piece of equipment.
Of the 185 treadmills sold, 67 included a service contract and 118 did
not.
Complete the following questions in the space provided below:
1. 1. Construct a 95 percent confidence interval for the difference
between the proportions of service contracts sold on treadmills versus
exercise bikes.
2. Is there a major difference between the two pieces of equipment?
Why or why not?
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Due in week 10 and worth 30 points
Suppose that there are two (2) candidates (i.e., Jones and Johns) in the
upcoming presidential election. Sara notes that she has discussed the
presidential election candidates with 15 friends, and 10 said that they are
voting for candidate Jones. Sara is therefore convinced that candidate
Jones will win the election because Jones gets more than 50% of votes.
1. 1. Based on what you now know about statistical inference, is
Sara’s conclusion a logical conclusion? Why or why not?
2. 2. How many friend samples Sara should have in order to draw
the conclusion with 95% confidence interval? Why?
3. 3. How would you explain your conclusion to Sara without using
any statistical jargon? Why?
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