Materials and methods slides lecture 4
- 1. Materials and Teaching Techniques Materials & Methods for TESOL Leigh Lawrence July 21, 2012
- 2. Teaching English Language Skills Goal of general English courses: To improve students’ skills in all four components of the language (speaking, reading, writing, listening)
- 3. Teaching Grammar One of the most difficult areas of language to teach Your understanding of grammar will help in addressing challenges and errors made by ELLs to enable students to carry out the grammar point that you are teaching for communicative purposes
- 4. Teaching Grammar Teaching Tips/Grammar: Students need overt, explicit instruction No need to master all rules of grammar--only the rules relevant to the task Make it fun!!! Facilitate understanding by teaching the grammar points in the target language. Limit the time you devote to grammar explanations to 10 minutes Present grammar points in written and oral ways to address the needs of students with different learning styles.
- 5. Teaching Listening Listening the ability to process, understand, interpret, and evaluate spoken language in a variety of situations (World Class Instructional Design and Assessment Consortium Resource Guide, 2007)
- 6. Teaching Listening Language learners use listening as it serves as the foundation for language development, comprehension, and identification of relevant/non-relevant information Listening comprehension needs to be an interactive process (TPR) Keep in mind that complete recall of all information is unrealistic in designing listening activities
- 7. Teaching Listening Stages of Listening: Pre-listening: state the purpose of listening Listening task: the actual listening for obtaining information or gist and then doing something with it Post-listening: allows students to evaluate success in carrying out the task to integrate listening with other language skills
- 8. Teaching Listening Activities offering practice in Listening skills development: Listening to a teacher give instructions Listening to someone give a planned speech Listening to someone in an unplanned monologue (i.e. going on and on about something) Listening by taking part in a conversation
- 9. Listening Strategies techniques that help your students to comprehend and recall information. Strategies are categorized by how your students process the information Top-down strategies Listener based strategies where the student uses background knowledge of a topic Bottom-up strategies Text-based where the student relies on the language in a text to derive meaning
- 10. Teaching Listening Examples of listening language instruction: Listening and repeating Listening/Answering Question Task listening
- 11. Teaching Speaking Speaking oral communication used in variety of situations for a variety of purposes and audiences (WIDA, 2007)
- 12. Teaching Speaking ELL’s speaking needs are related to social conversation, instructional conversation, and work-related conversation Speaking requires ESL students to know how to produce specific points of language such as grammar, pronunciation, or vocabulary. Teaching speaking is challenging
- 13. Teaching Speaking Teach speaking around “functional uses” Prep students before the speaking activity Drills, answering verbal cues, interactive conversation, role-plays, oral presentations, discussions, debates
- 14. Teaching Reading Reading The ability to process, understand, interpret, and evaluate written language, symbols, and text with understanding and fluency (WIDA, 2007)
- 15. Teaching Reading We read for a variety of purposes: Main idea Learn information General comprehension For enjoyment Goal: gain fluency in silent reading with a high level of comprehension
- 16. Teaching Reading Suggestions Pre-reading Do not overload Use relevant material Be cognizant of reading levels Allow dictionaries Read in pairs
- 17. Teaching Writing Writing written communication used in a variety of forms for a variety of purposes and audiences (WIDA, 2007)
- 18. Teaching Writing Writing requires skills specific to the process of writing Most language learners do no unconsciously gain those skills; they need instruction in them Learning to write takes time Meaningful learning and intrinsic motivation
- 19. Teaching Techniques Synonymous terms to describe techniques include task, activity, procedure, practice, exercise, strategy Task-a specialized form of a technique Activity-anything learners do in the language classroom i.e., role-plays, drills, games, songs Procedure-moment to moment techniques, practices, and behaviors that operate in teaching a language Practice/Exercise/Strategies—aka “techniques” Techniques—various activities that either teachers or students perform in the classroom
- 20. Selecting Teaching Techniques “Get to know your students” Pay attention to non-verbal behavior Select according to appropriate proficiency level Teach according to your situation
- 21. Categories of Teaching Techniques Manipulative Techniques are controlled by the teacher Communicative Techniques encouraging open-ended and/or unpredictable responses by students Both can be used at all proficiency levels
- 22. Teaching Techniques Language Drills/Repetitions Total Physical Response Games Songs Models and Change-outs