Matlab Simulink in Three-Phase Fault Analysis on Transmission line

“THREE-PHASE FAULT ANALYSIS ON TRANSMITION LINE IN
MATLAB SIMULINK'
Submitted in partial fulﬁlment of the requirements of the degree
of
Master in Technology (Integrated Power System)
By Student Name:- Pramod Vilas Tekale
Name of Guide : Pro.Vaishali Malekar
Department of Electrical Engineering
Tulsitamji Gaikwad Patil College of Engg & Technology
Session 2021-2022

Contents of the Presentation
1. Introduction
2. Literature Review
3. Problem Statement & Problem Formulation
4. Methodology
5. Conclusions
6. References
7. Publications

Introduction
When different types of fault occurs in power system then in the
process of transmission line fault analysis, determination of bus
voltage and the rms line current are possible. While consulting with
the power system the terms bus voltage and rms current of line are
very important. In case of three phase power system mainly two
faults occurs, three phase balance fault and unbalance fault on
transmission line of power system, such as line to ground fault,
double line to ground fault and double line fault. The transmission
line fault analysis helps to select and develop a better for protection
purpose[1]. For the protection of transmission line we place the
circuit breakers and its rating is depends on triple line fault. The
reason behind is that the triple line fault current is very high as
compare to other fault current.

Hence by using MATLAB
simulation in computer, the analysis of transmission line fault can be easily
carried out. The main purpose of this paper is to study the
general fault type which is Unbalance faults of transmission line in
the power system. Also to perform the analysis and obtain the
Result of various parameters (voltage, current, power etc) from
simulation on those types of fault Using MATLAB. A new
modeling framework for analysis and simulation of unbalance fault
in power system on IEEE 14 bus system is Procedure includes
the frequency information in dynamical models and produces
approximate nonlinear Models that are well adopted for analysis
and simulation. The transformer model includes Saturation. The
parameters have been obtained from practical or experimental
measurement.

Types of Fault
Normally, a power system operates under balanced conditions.
When the system becomes unbalanced due to the failures of
insulation at any point or due to the contact of live wires, a short
circuit or fault is said to occur in the line. Faults may occur in the
power system due to the number of reasons like natural
disturbances(lightning, high-speed winds,earthquakes), insulation
breakdown, falling of a tree, bird shorting, etc. Faults that occur in
transmission lines are broadly classiﬁed as :
• Symmetrical faults
• Unsymmetrical faults

Unsymmetrical faults
As discussed above in three-phase transmission line of power
system mainly two types of fault occurs, balance fault which is also
called symmetrical fault and unbalance fault called as
unsymmetrical fault. But this paper only deals with theunsymmetrical. Unsymmetrical faults
are the faults which leads
unequal currents with unequal phase shifts in a three phase
system.The unsymmetrical fault occurs in a system due topresence
of an open circuit or short circuit of transmission or distribution
line. It can occur either by natural disturbances or by manual
errors. The natural disturbances are heavy wind speed, ice
loading on the lines, lightening strokes and other natural
disasters[4]. The open circuit or short circuits of transmission or
distribution lines will lead to unsymmetrical or symmetrical faults
in the system. In
case of tree branches falling on lines, a short circuit of transmission
lines will occur.

These line faults are classiﬁed as :
• Single line to ground faults (LG fault)
• Double line fault (LL fault)
• Double line to ground fault (LLG fault)
Single line to ground fault is the most frequently occurring
fault (60 to 75% of occurrence). This fault will occur when any one
line is in contact with the ground. Double line fault occurs when
two lines are short circuited. This type of fault occurrenceranges
from 5 to 15%. Double line to ground fault occurs when two lines
are short circuited and is in contact withthe ground. This type of
fault occurrence ranges from 15 to 25% ofoccurrence.

Literature Review
1. Optimal placement of custom power devices in power
systemto mitigate voltage sag under fault.
D. K. Tanti , M. K. Varma, Brijesh singh , O. N. Mehrotra,
attempts to summarize the placement of custom power
devices may prove an effective remedy for solving power
system problem.
In this paper, an Artiﬁcial Neural Network (ANN) based
approach for optimal placement of Distribution Static
Synchronous Compensator (DSTATCOM), Dynamic
Voltage Restorer (DVR) and Uniﬁed Power Quality
Conditioner (UPQC) ina power system network has been
considered to
mitigate voltage sag under faults. A comparative performance
of DSTATCOM, DVR and UPQC in voltage sagmitigation has
been studied to select most effective controller out of three
controllers for the system[2].

1.Voltage stability improvement using Thyristor controlled
series capacitor (TCSC) based on Lmn and VCPI stability
indices.
Venu Yarlagadda ,Dr. B.V. Sankar Ram, Dr K.R.M. Rao show
the effect of TCSC on voltage stability improvement. The
voltage Lmn and VCPI Indices with and without TCSC have
been recorded[3].
1. Comparison of thyristor controlled series capacitor and
discrete PWM generator e reduction of voltage sag.
Manisha chadar A method to reduce voltage sag and increase
the voltage quality using series compensation is considered.
Discrete PWM generator six pulse base TCSC series
compensator and ﬁring angle through TCSC controller system
is used to reduce the voltage sag produce by non linear load.

4. Power flow control using TCSC Facts controller.
According to shrawan Ram and G. K. Joshi thyristor controlled
series capacitor is one of the fast acting power electronics
controller which can provide current and power flow control in
transmission line by varying its firing angle [5].
5. Analytical Modeling of TCSC Dynamics
D. Jovcic member IEEE and G. N.Pillai they are simplified
fundamental frequency model of TCSC is proposed and the
model result are verified. Using frequency response of the
non linear load TCSC segment a simplified non linear state
space model is derived, where the frequency of the dominant
TCSC complex poles show linear dependent on the firing
angle [6].

Conclusive Summary
According to above considerations of different method are referred
for voltage stability and power ﬂow control. To improve the voltage
stability of long transmission line had lots of methods but TCSC
FACTS Controller is the best FACTS Controller.

Problem Statement & Problem Formulation
Problem Statement
In recent years, along with the rapid increasing electric power
requirement, the reconstruction of India’s urban and rural power
network is more and more urgent. There will be huge demand for
reactive power compensation to improve the efﬁciency and stability
of AC transmission systems during transmission upgrade process.
Given a proﬁt-driven, deregulated electric power industry coupled
with increased load growth, the power transmission infrastructure
is being stressed to its upper operating limits to achieve maximum
economic returns to both generator and transmission system
owners. In such an environment, system stability problems such as
inadequate voltage control and fast regulation must be resolved in the cost-
effective manner to improve overall grid security and
reliability.

With the increasing demand of power the power system
network are becoming more complex from the point of view of
operation and control. The existing network are mostly
mechanically controlled. microelectronics computers and high
speed communication are widely used for protection and control of
transmission system However when operating signal are sent to
power circuit n where ﬁnal control action take place switching
devices are mechanical. These devices are slow in operation.
Another problem associated mechanical switching devices is
that control cannot be initiated frequently .This is due to fact that
mechanical devices is that wear out quickly as compared to static
devices. Consequently both steady state and dynamic operation of
the system are practically uncontrolled.

Principal Causes of Voltage Stability
Problems
Some of the main causes for occurrence of voltage instability are
-
• Due to unsuitable locations of FACTS controllers.
• High Reactive Power Consumption at Heavy Loads.
• Occurrence of Contingencies.
• Reverse Operation of ON Load Tap-Changer (OLTC).
• Voltage sources are too far from load centers.
• Poor coordination between multiple FACTS controllers• Presence of Constant
Power Loads.
• Difference in Transmission of Reactive Power under
Heavy Loads

Voltage Instability
Voltage instability is basically caused by an unavailability of
reactive power support in an area of the network, where the voltage
drops uncontrollable. Lack of reactive power may essentially have
two origins : firstly, a gradual increase of power demands without
the reactive part being met in some buses or secondly, a sudden
change in the network topology redirecting the power flows in such
a way that the required reactive power cannot be delivered to some
buses. Introducing FACTS devices is the most effective way for
utilities to improve the voltage profile and voltage stability margin
of the system.

Power Flow Problem
Modern electric power utilities are facing many challenges due to
ever-increasing complexity in their operation and structure. In the
recent past, one of the problems that got wide attention is the
power system instabilities. With the lack of new generation and
transmission facilities and over exploitation of the existing facilities
geared by increase in load demand make these types of problems
more imminent in modern power systems. Demand of electrical
power is continuously rising at a very high rate due to rapid
industrial development. To meet this demand, it is essential to raise
the transmitted power along with the existing transmission facilities
The need for the power ﬂow control in electrical power systems is
thus evident with the increased loading transmission
lines; the problem of transient stability after a major fault canbecome a transmission power
limiting factor. The power system
should adapt to momentary system conditions, in other words,
power system should be ﬂexible.

Conclusion
The aforementioned benefits are typically seen to increase
transmission lines capacity. Benefits of TCSC are not subject only to
newly built TCSC installation but they can also be achieved by
upgrading existing series compensation on the thyristors controlled
series compensation or only its part, thus considerably extended its
influence and usefulness.

Methodology
• Project we were perform on IEEE 14 bus system without
TCSC observe the voltage, active power and reactive power
waveform.
• Connect the TCSC with IEEE 14 bus system and observe
the voltage, active, and reactive waveform.
• Create the Three phase fault on IEEE 14 bus system and
observe the effect of fault on 14 bus voltage waveform.
• IEEE 14 bus system with three phase fault and TCSC
connected it is observed that simulation result output TCSC
improve the
voltage stability and power ﬂow control in power system
network.

IEEE 14 bus system
We were perform on IEEE 14 bus system having 14 bus and 20 lines.
The system consists of 5 synchronous machine three of which are
synchronous condenser and 2 synchronous generators. Thereare
11 loads in the system having net real and reactive power demand
259 MW and 81.1 MVAR, Respectively. The 14 system has been
shown
in ﬁgure.

SIMULINK MODEL DESCRIPTION
1.IEEE 14 bus system without
TCSC

Project were perform on IEEE 14 bus system
Having 14 buses and 20 line .the system consist
of synchronous machine three of which are
synchronous condensers. There are 11 loads in
the system having net real and reactive power
demand of 259 MW and 81.3 MVAR.
Respectively.

2. IEEE 14 bus system with
TCSC

Figure 2 show the simulink model of IEEE 14 bus system
with TCSC . TCSC connected to bus 14 . When TCSC
operates in the constant impedance mode it uses voltage
and current feedback for calculating the TCSC impedance.
The reference impedance indirectly determines the power
level, although an automatic power control mode could also
be introduced.

3. IEEE 14 bus system with three phase
fault

Figure 3 show the simulink model of IEEE 14
bus system with Three phase fault .three phase
fault created in between bus 4 and bus 5 for
time duration of 10.00 to 10.05 sec.

4. IEEE 14 bus system with three phase fault and with TCSC

Figure 4 show the simulink model of IEEE
14 bus system with Three phase fault with
TCSC .whenever fault occur in power
system then TCSC improve the voltage
stability and control the power ﬂow in
power system network.

SIMULATION RESULT AND ANALYSIS
Simulation Results
1. Simulation Result for IEEE 14 bus system without
TCSC
Fig.Simulation Result for IEEE 14 bus voltage

Figure 2: Simulation Result of Active power

Figure 3: Simulation Result of Reactive power

Table 1: Bus voltage and power ﬂow in IEEE 14
bus system without TCSC.

2 Simulation Result For IEEE 14bus system with
TCSC
Fig. Simulation Result For IEEE 14bus system with
TCSC

Fig. Simulation Result For Active
Power

Fig. Simulation Result For Reactive
power

Table 2: Bus voltage and power ﬂow in IEEE 14 bus system with
TCSC

Simulation Result For IEEE 14bus system with three phase fault
Fig.Simulation Result For IEEE 14bus system with three phase fault.
Figure show The simulation result of IEEE 14 bus voltage with three phase fault
, we have to create the Three phase fault in between bus 4 and 5 for the time
duration of 10.00 to 10.05 sec. the bus voltage drop show in above ﬁgure.

Simulation Result For IEEE 14bus system with three phase fault and
TCSC
Figure : Simulation Result of IEEE 14 bus voltage with three phase fault with
TCSC
Fig : Simulation Result of IEEE 14 bus voltage with three phase fault with TCSC.
the voltage waveform show that TCSC improve the voltage stability while fault
occurs in power system .

Table-3: IEEE 14 bus voltage with and without TCSC ,three phase fault
and with three phase with tcsc in P.U

Comparison of result Table show the bus voltage of
IEEE 14 bus system with and withoutTCSC

Conclusions
In this dissertation, IEEE 14 bus system with 3 phase fault observe
and TCSC FACTS controller is use to limit the fault and improve the
voltage stability and power flow control in power system network .We
reach at the conclusion that TCSC is one of the fast acting power
electronic controller which can provide a smoothly variable series
capacitive reactance. this is a new approach 14 bus system with
TCSC to improve the voltage stability, limit fault and power flow
control in power system network . IEEE 14 bus system with and
without TCSC, comparative result and simulation result waveform
show that, using TCSC we can improve the voltage stability and
power flow control in power system network.and also limit the three
phase fault

References
:
 Narain G. Hingoranl and Laszlo Gyugyi, “Understanding FACTS Concepts and
Technology of Flexible AC Transmission Systems”, IEEE press, 2000
 D. K. Tanti, M.K.Varma, Brijesh singh , O.N. Mehrotra, “Optimal Placement of
Custom Power Devices in Power System Network to Mitigate Voltage sag under
Fault,” International Journal of power electronics Drive and system(IJPEDS), Vol. 2,
Issue 3, September 2012, pp 267-275..
 Venu Yarlagadda, Dr. B.V. Sankar Ram, Dr K.R.M. Rao,“Voltage Stability
Improvement using Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor ( TCSC) based on Lmn
and VCPI Stability Indices ,” International Journal of scientiﬁc and Engineering
Research , Vol. 3, Issue 4, April 2012,pp 1-5.
 Manisha chadar , “Comparison of thyristor controlled series capacitor and discrete
PWM generator six pulses in the reduction of voltage sag ,” International Journal of
enhance research in science technology and engineering , Vol. 2, issues. 8, August
2013, pp 24-29.

References
:
 Shrawan Ram, G.K. Joshi,“Power Flow Control using TCSC Facts
controller,” International Journal of computer application (IJCA), 2014
,pp 23-27.
 D.Jovcic, Member, IEEE and G.N. Pillai, “Analytical modelling of TCSC
Dynamics” IEEE.
 Sandeep Gupta, Prof. R. K. Tripathi, Member, IEEE, and Rishabh Dev
Shukla” Voltage Stability Improvement in Power Systems usingFacts
Controllers : state- of the Art Review” IEEE .
 K. R. Padiyar, “FACTS Controller in Transmission and Distribution System”,
P.S.Chaudhari, P
.P.Kulkarni, R.M.Holmukhe, Mrs.P.A.Kulkarni , “TCSC for
protection of transmission line”,IEEE.
 Martin German-Sobek, ubomír Be, a, Roman Cimbala, “Using of the
Thyristor Controlled Series Capacitor in Electric Power System”,
ELEKTROENERGETIKA, Vol.4, No.4, 2011, pp 11-15.

References
:
 Kusum Arora, Dr. S. K. Agrawal, Dr Narendra Kumar ,Dharamvir. “Analysis of
power flow control in power system network using Thyristor control series
Capacitor”,International journal of Engineering Research and Application
(IJERA), Vol.3, Issue 3, Jun2013, pp 821-825.
 J.V. Kadia, J.G. Jamnani ,“Modelling and Analysis of TCSC Controller For
Enhancement of Transmission Network”, International Journal of Emerging
Technology and Advanced Engineering, Vol.2, Issue.3, March 2012.
 Adebayo,I.G., Adejumobi, Olajire, O.S., “Power flow Analysis and voltage
stability Enhancement Using Thyristor controlled Series Capacitor(TCSC)
Facts Controller, International Journal of Engineering and Advanced
Technology (IJEAT), Vol.2, Issue 3, February 2013, pp 100-104.
 Shobhna patlay , Bhupesh Kumar Poosam, “How TCSC Controller Benefits
AC Transmission line for voltage stability”, International journal of Scientific
Research , Vol.3, Issue 8, August 2012, pp 1-3.

Publications
 Pramod Tekale, Prof Vaishali Malekar, “Matlab Simulink in
Three-Phase Fault Analysis on Transmission Line” IJAEMA -
The International journal of analytical and experimental
modal analysis
 Pramod Tekale, Prof. Vaishali Malekar, “Transmission Line
Three-Phase Fault Analysis Using Matlab Simulink” IJRASET –
International Journal for Research in Applied Science &
Engineering Technology

Matlab Simulink in Three-Phase Fault Analysis on Transmission line

Matlab Simulink in Three-Phase Fault Analysis on Transmission line

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