MATLAB/SIMULINK ANALYSIS OF A RIPPLE FREEHIGH EFFICIENCY BUCK-BOOST TYPE CONVERTER FOR EV CHARGING AND CONTROLLING APPLICATIONS

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 09 Issue: 06 | Jun 2022 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
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MATLAB/SIMULINK ANALYSIS OF A RIPPLE FREEHIGH EFFICIENCY
BUCK-BOOST TYPE CONVERTER FOR EV CHARGING AND CONTROLLING
APPLICATIONS
Mr.R.Thangasankaran1, Dr.S.Parthasarathy2, Mr.P.G.Harish Prabu3,
Mr.R.Praveen Thiyagarajan4,Mr.R.Arun Kumar5
1Assistant Professor/EEE, K L N College of Engineering, Pottapalayam, Tamilnadu, India
2Professor/EEE, K L N College of Engineering, Pottapalayam, Tamilnadu, India
3 4 5 UG Scholars, K L N College of Engineering, Pottapalayam, Tamilnadu, India
---------------------------------------------------------------------***---------------------------------------------------------------------
Abstract - DC-DC conversion is the central stem of power
electronics and is advancing quickly. Many newtopologies are
still created every year. The most common design of DC-DC
converters is typically, a converter with high gain, in orderto
increase the output voltage of the photovoltaic andtoobtaina
high conversion efficiency. The SEPICconverter is a converter
topology which is used to provide a regulated output voltage
from an input voltage that varies above and below the output
voltage. However, comparing toconventionalDC-DCconverter
topologies, SEPIC converters can increase by 5 times of the
input voltage. A SEPIC converter of type is designed and
evaluated in this paper. Conventional DC-DC SEPIC Buck-
Boost type converter is utilized forindustrial applications like
DC motor control, LED light drives, etc., SEPIC converter is
much suitable for high- voltage applications. The DC-DC
SEPICconverter is controlled to extract the maximum power
from a Source tocharge (or) control the Load. The SEPIC
converter will operate in Continuous Conduction Mode in
order to increase the Efficiency of the Converter. Analysis is
made for both Open-Loop and Closed-Loop of theConverter in
MATLAB/Simulink.
Key Words: Converter, SEPIC Efficiency, High-Voltage
Application, Pulse Width Modulation, CCM, DCM, Buck-
Boost, Closed loop.
1. INTRODUCTION
These days, there are many purposes behind the
advancement of electric vehicles (EVs). The most important
reasons are increasing of fuel cost, lacking in energy
resources and reduce the greenhouse gas emission. The
advantages of using the EVs can be stated as, being a source
of the clean energy, having high efficiency when comparedto
the conventional vehicles and producing less noise than the
conventional vehicles. The EVs that are widely used in
worldwide, can be either a hybrid EVs or battery EV's. Many
researches had proposed many converters for charging &
controlling applications of EV. Some of themarelistedbelow;
PiyushChoudharyandSomNathMahendrahasproposeda
DC-DC cuk converter [1] for solar photovoltaic array which
has an inductor current of 20% and 50% more. An efficiency
of 90% and more is achieved. They both has made the
calculations and analysis, in CCM mode operation, transfer
function, statespace analysis,simulationofcukconverterare
done.
Danila Shirly.A.R, Sudhilaya M, Priyadharshini Y, Shamni J
and Poorani J has proposed a paper which predominantly
focuses on the design and implementation of efficient
landsman DC-DC converter [3] withpowerlossminimization
using particle swarm optimization (PSO) a hybrid soft
computing technique. But, the boosting of output voltage is
only 2 times of the input voltage.
P.Ramesh Babu, S.Ram Prasath and R.Kiruthika has
putforth a paper of simulation and performance analysis of
CCM zeta converter [2] with PID controller. They have
designed, analyzed, simulated, close loop, continuous
conduction code of zeta converter in their paper. The
converter works in continuous current mode (CCM) as it
were. But, The boosting of input voltage isn't unreasonably
much high. In any case, the converter has lower Output
voltage Ripple and has high productivity.
Alia M. Khatab, Mostafa I. Marei and Hadi M. Elhelw has
proposed a paper of an electric vehicle battery charger [4]
based on zeta converter fed from a PV array. This paper
proposesa batterychargerforanelectricvehicle(EV)inview
of zeta converter. The perturb and observe (P&O) maximum
power point Tracking (MPPT) technique isusedtoobtainthe
maximum power from the PV array. The proposed P&O
technique is used for generating the duty cycle for the zeta
converter is working properly. But The output current has
high ripple.
H.Suryoatmojo, I.Dilianto, Suwito,R.Mardiyanto,E.Setijadi
and D.C.Riawan have proposed a paper named design and
analysis of high gain modified SEPIC converter for
photovoltaic applications. The proposed converter has the
advantage of the SEPIC converter, like consistent input
current. The proposedcircuitstructurelikewiseworksonthe
elements, like high voltage gain and high conversion

productivity. The proposed converter only applicable for
100W devices only. This converter has 2 more storage
elements comparing to proposed converter.
Faizan Hameed, Khalid Iqbalboth has Proposed a paperof
ZETA Converter based charge controller for efficient use of
solar energy in street lighting system. Purpose of circuit’s
designed is to charge the battery between upper and lower
voltage limits in addition to continuouscheckingthestatusof
battery charge to add or release current accordingly. This
proposed converter only applicable for low power rated
devices only. The converter has high output current ripple.
Principal contrast between the strategy utilized in the
proposed systemand different methods utilizedinthepastis
that ZETA converter itself will go about as charge regulator
what's more with this, specific properties of ZETA converter
will be used to optimize street lighting system to reduce the
power losses and cost.
Suraj S, Jijesh J J, Sarun Soman has proposed a converter
analysis of dual phase dual stage boost converter for
photovoltaic applications. The converter discussed in this
paper is derivedbycombiningtheconceptofinterleavingand
cascading of boostconverters.Theconverterisintendedfora
power rating of 200W with yield voltage of 192V for an input
voltage of 12V got from photovoltaicsource atanexchanging
frequency of 50KHz. This results exhibit that this converter
achieves a predominant performance over other dc-dc boost
converters by offering improved efficiency and voltage gain,
while having lower input current ripple.
SEPIC converter has a lot of advantages which can be
summarized as follows, it has a simple design, which
composes from four energy storage elements; two inductors
and two capacitors. The result current can be constant and
liberated from the ripples because of the presence of an
inductor at the result side. Operating as a buck-boost
converter means that, the SEPIC converter has the ability to
increase and decrease the output voltage than input voltage.
When compared to the conventional buck-boost converter,
the output voltage is not inverted. It has little settling time,
low exchanging pressure and it tends to be associated with
high frequency transformers.
2. CIRCUIT CONFIGURATION
The circuit configuration of the proposed DC-DC converteris
shown in figure 1. It operates in a input voltage of 16 - 24
V. The power circuit strategy is presented with two
inductors,twocapacitors,oneDIODEandoneMOSFETswitch
operating at a switching frequency of 30 kHz.
Fig –1: DC-DC SEPIC Converter
The proposed converter is designed for 300W applications.
The regulated output voltage and output current will be 60
V and 5 A respectively.
3. DESIGN OF DC – DC SEPIC CONVERTER
The design specifications of the proposed converter are
shown in
The equation to find the duty cycle D is,
The equation to determine the inductors L1 and L2 is,
The equation to determine the capacitor C1 is,
Where,
△Io= 2% of output current,
△Vin= 5% of input voltage,
△Vo= 5% of output voltage
So, these are the design equation of this proposed converter.
Using this equations the components values are derived.
Table -1: Design Specification of The Converter
PARAMETERS VALUES
Supply Voltage (Vin) 16 V– 24 V
Inductor (L1) 540µH
Inductor (L2) 2.7µH
Capacitor (C1) 93µF
Capacitor (C2) 4700µF
Output Power (Po) 300W
Output Voltage (Vo) 60V
Output Current (Io) 5 A
Switching frequency (fs) 30 kHz

4.1 Open loop simulation of DC-DC SEPICConverter
Fig -2: Open loop simulation diagram of DC-DC SEPIC
converter
Figure 2 shows the open loop simulation diagram of the
proposed converter. Thishaspulsegeneratorwhichgivesthe
gate pulse to the MOSFET switch of proposed converter. The
duty cycle of the switch controls the output voltage. So by
varying the duty cycle, The output voltage can be varied.
Fig-3: Output voltage waveform of open loop DC-DC SEPIC
converter
Figure 3 shows the output voltage waveform of the DC-DC
SEPIC converter under open loop.Thedesiredoutputvoltage
of 60V is not obtained in open loop control, insteadanoutput
voltage of 51.5V is obtained.
Fig-4: Output current waveform of open loop DC-DC SEPIC
converter
Figure 4 shows the output current waveform of the DC-DC
SEPIC converter under openloop.Thedesiredoutputcurrent
is 5A. But in open loop 4.5A of current is only obtained.
Fig-5: Switching Pulse Waveform of DC-DC SEPIC
Converter
Figure 5 shows theswitchingpulsewaveformoftheproposed
DC-DC SEPIC converter which is generated by pulse
generator. Here the switching frequency(fs) is 30KHz. The
duty cycle of is given by this pulse generator.
4.2 Closed Loop Simulation of DC-DC SEPIC
Converter using PI Controller
Fig-6: Closed Loop Simulation Diagram of DC-DC SEPIC
Converter using PI Controller
Figure 6 shows the closed loop simulation diagram of the
proposed converter. In open loop, the expected outputs are
not obtained. So, moving to closed loop system. This circuit
has a feedback circuit, which is controlled by PI controller.
The PI controller is the most commonly used in closed loop
systems because of its performance in terms of simplicity. It
produces an error signal by comparing the desired output
signal with the actual output signal.
Fig -7: Output Voltage Waveform of Closed loopDC-DC
SEPIC Converter
Figure 7 shows the output voltage waveform of the DC-DC
SEPIC Converter under Closed loop. The desired output
voltage of 60V is obtained at 1.5 seconds. Then the output
voltage becomes stable and constant in closed loop system.
The allowable ripple voltage of DC convertersis5%ofoutput

voltage. In this proposed converter,itisveryminimumwhich
less than its 1% of output voltage.
Fig -8: Output Current Waveform of Closed loopDC-DC
SEPIC Converter
Figure 8 shows the output Current waveform of the DC-DC
SEPIC Converter under Closed loop. The desired output
Current of 5A is obtained in Closed loop control. The
allowable ripple current of DC converters is 2% of output
current. In this proposedconverter,itisveryminimumwhich
less than its 0.5% of output current. So by this, the converter
is justified as a ripple free converter.
Fig -9: Waveforms of Switching pulse, InductorL1 Current,
Inductor L2 Current, Capacitor C1 Voltage, Capacitor C2
Voltage under Closed loop
Figure 9 shows the waveforms of switching pulse,
inductor L1 current, inductor L2 current,capacitorC1 voltage,
capacitor C2 voltage of DC-DC SEPIC converter. When,
MOSFET switch is turned ON, the inductor L1 and L2 are
charging and the capacitor C1 and C2 are discharging. When,
MOSFET Switch is turned OFF, the inductor L1 and L2 are
discharging and the capacitor C1 and C2 are getting charged.
This proposed converter operates in continuousconduction
mode (CCM) when simulated under closed loop.
Table-2: Open-loop analysis of constant input voltage-
variable duty cycle
Vin Iin Vout Iout D Efficiency
16 0.07851 3.201 0.2668 20 67.99%
16 0.2162 6.04 0.5033 30 87.87%
16 0.5661 9.807 0.8172 40 88.48%
16 1.285 15.04 1.253 50 91.65%
16 2.875 22.62 1.885 60 92.72%
16 6.782 34.52 2.876 70 91.49%
16 18.15 54.1 4.509 80 84.02%
Table.2 gives the analysis of constant input voltage and
variable duty cycle under open-loop condition. The input
voltage is kept constant 16V then varying the duty cycle by
pulse generator the output voltage is varied. The output
voltage is both less and greater than the input voltage
corresponding to the duty cycle. By this table, the proposed
converter achieve the both buck and boost operation.
Table -3: Closed-loop analysis of variable input voltage –
constant output voltage
Vin Iin Vout Iout Efficiency
16 22.97 60 5 84.58%
18 19.43 60 5 85.38%
20 16.98 60 5 87.48%
22 15.11 60 5 89.88%
24 13.61 60 5 91.18%
Table.3 gives the analysis of Variable Input Voltage and
Constant Output Voltage under Closed-loop. The input
voltage is varied from 16 - 24V and the output reference
voltage is 60V that is kept constant. By varying the input
voltage, the efficiency of the proposed converter is also
varied. There is a gradual increase in efficiency when the
input voltage is increased gradually. The input current is
reduced, as increase in input voltage.
Table -4: Closed-loop analysis of constant input voltage -
variable output voltage
Vin Iin Vout Iout Efficiency
16 13.64 48 4 88.91%
16 17.83 54 4.501 84.34%
16 22.97 60 5 84.58%
16 29.28 66 5.5 77.09%
16 33.86 72 5.928 72.13%

Table.4 gives the analysis of constant input voltage and
variable output voltage. The input voltage is kept constant
and the output reference voltage is varied. The proposed
converter is provide the expected output voltages. But,
above the designed output voltage (60V)the efficiencyof the
converter is reduced. The input current is also increased by
increasing the output reference voltage.
Table -5: Closed-loop analysis of constant input voltage -
constant output voltage - variable Load
Vin Iin Vout Iout Efficiency % of
resistive
load
16 50.71 60 8.283 63.98% 60%
16 37.56 60 7.143 72.02% 70%
16 30.82 60 6.25 76.68% 80%
16 25.76 60 6.00 78.89% 90%
16 22.97 60 5 84.25% 100%
16 19 60 4.287 84.78% 120%
16 16.7 60 3.837 85.40% 130%
16 15.33 60 3.572 86.35% 140%
Table .5 gives the analysis of closed loop constant input
voltage and constant output voltage with variable resistive
load. The input voltage and output voltage both are kept
constant. The resistive load is only varied. The full load
resistance value is 12Ω. The converter is also tested in
overloaded condition. Here up to 140% of full load is tested,
which is 16.8Ω. The converter works properly and gives the
expected output voltage and efficiency is also slightly
increased.
5. CONCLUSIONS
In this paper, the Design, Analysis and Simulation of DC-DC
SEPIC Converterhave been carried out for (16-22V) input
and 60V output. Both open loop and closed loop analysis
have been done for the designedconverter. The proposed
converter not able to achieve the expected voltage and
current in open loop system. So, moving to closed loop
system. The closed loop system gives the required voltage
(60V) and current (5A). The efficiency of the proposed
converter is 85%. By taking varies analysis, the proposed
converter can able to operate in both buck and boost
operation. The proposed converter can able to do both step
up and step down the input voltage. The Proposedconverter
operates in Continuous Conduction Mode (CCM). The
output Current has low ripple and This converter has high
Efficiency.
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MATLAB/SIMULINK ANALYSIS OF A RIPPLE FREEHIGH EFFICIENCY BUCK-BOOST TYPE CONVERTER FOR EV CHARGING AND CONTROLLING APPLICATIONS

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