Mbb lec1 qb
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The document outlines the content of a lecture on modern biotechnology. It discusses DNA as the genetic material and how genes are passed from parents to offspring in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems. It also describes how modern biotechnology uses techniques like gene cloning and genetic engineering to develop genetically modified organisms (GMOs) by inserting foreign genes. Specific examples covered include the development of Golden Rice to address vitamin A deficiency and the use of GMOs in health, industry, food, and the environment.
Mbb lec1 qb
- 1. MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY: What am I supposed to know… MBB1 (1stAY2013-‐2014) MMP Balolong
- 2. LECTURE CONTENT: PART 1 Ê DNA: the genetic material (ONE GENE-‐ONE PROTEIN) Ê Prokaryotic system Ê Eukaryotic system Ê INHERITANCE: the information connection, how genes are passed and their consequence Ê Prokaryotic system Ê Eukaryotic system
- 3. LECTURE CONTENT: PART 2 Ê MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY Ê The GMO concept Ê How to design/develop a GMO Ê Tool/Methods: Gene Cloning, Genetic Engineering, Recombinant DNA technology Ê Equipment and Facilities for GMO development Ê Skills and Credentials
- 4. LECTURE CONTENT: PART 3 Ê MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY : advances in gene-‐based applications Ê The GMO in Health and Medicine Ê The GMO in Industry Ê The GMO in Food and Agriculture Ê The GMO in Environment
- 5. TARGET ACTIVITIES Ê WHO KILLED THE VICTIM? And WHO’S YOUR PAPA? (An activity on Forensics) Ê EXPOSURE TRIP (July 24, 2013) Ê BIOTECH, UPLB Ê IRRI Ê IPB Ê PHIL CARABAO CENTER
- 7. THE 3 DOMAINS OF LIFE bio1151b.nicerweb.net gcps.desire2learn.com
- 8. BACTERIA & ARCHAEA https://ib-‐biology2010-‐12.wikispaces.com
- 10. CHROMOSOME & DNA
- 11. DNA & THE CENTRAL DOGMA www.labgrab.com
- 12. DNA: THE GENETIC MATERIAL Ê WHY DNA? Ê The Griffith Experiment Ê Concept of a transforming principle Ê The Avery, McLeod and McCarty Experiment Ê That DNA is the transforming principle Ê The Hershey and Chase Experiment Ê Transduction (via phage)
- 14. AVERY, MCLEOD & MCCARTY: DNA AS TRANSFORMING PRINCIPLE ap-‐biology-‐lab.wikispaces.com
- 15. HERSHEY & CHASE EXPERIMENT: TRANSDUCTION
- 16. SO HOW IS DNA, THE GENETIC MATERIAL, USED FOR BIOTECHNOLOGY?
- 17. THE SHIFT: TRADITIONAL TO MODERN Ê Nature’s variation Ê Color, Size Ê Traditional breeding can give us additional colors and sizes Ê Modern Biotechnology can give you MORE… Ê Resistance to environmental stress Ê Taste Ê Nutrition kendralindell.wordpress.com
- 18. WHAT WE CAN DO WITH BIOTECHNOLOGY… nakedmaninthetree.wordpress.com www.ent.iastate.edu www.flickr.com www.ishs.org
- 19. GROUP WORK… Ê One GMO per group Ê Research on: Ê What problem want to be addressed by the GMO Ê How was it developed Ê What were the problems encountered Ê How were they resolved (problems)? Ê ISSUES…. Ê Open Discussion next meeting…
- 20. LAST MEETING… DNA and its importance in BIOTECHNOLOGY 1. Golden Rice; 2. BT Corn; 3. Edible Vaccine in Potato; 4. GMO Soya; 5. Recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine
- 21. RECALL…IN MODERN BIOTECHNOLOGY… WE CAN CONTROL THE VARIATION Ê NOTE: Ê Allelic differences at genes control a specific trait Ê GENE: a piece of DNA that controls the expression of a trait Ê ALLELE: alterative form of the gene (they can segregate to form the variation naturally)
- 22. DNA (gene) RNA Protein Trait (or phenotype) Transcription Translation Plant height Seed shape Traditional Breeding Biotechnology a. Gene manipulation b. Gene Introduction
- 23. Ê GMO or Genetically-‐Modified Organisms Ê Organisms with ARTIFICIALLY-‐ALTERED DNA Ê Foreign gene is inserted from another species: (enables GMO to express the trait coded by the new gene) = TRANSGENICS Ê An existing gene is altered: to make it express at a higher level or in a different way = FOR GENE THERAPY Ê Gene is deleted or deactivated: to prevent the expression of a trait (e.g. delayed ripening)
- 25. THE GOLDEN RICE Ê WHY: to address Vitamin A deficiency problem Ê Linked to blindness Ê Influences Diarrhea and Measles Ê >100M children affected Ê Vitamin Delivery as PILLS = most countries no access Ê Alternative = vitamin into CROPS www.goldenrice.org
- 26. β-‐Carotene Pathway in Plants IPP Geranylgeranyl diphosphate Phytoene Lycopene β -‐carotene (vitamin A precursor) Phytoene synthase Phytoene desaturase Lycopene-‐beta-‐cyclase ξ-‐carotene desaturase Problem: Rice lacks these enzymes Normal Vitamin A “Deficient” Rice (Isopentenyl diphosphate)
- 27. The Golden Rice Solution IPP Geranylgeranyl diphosphate Phytoene Lycopene β -‐carotene (vitamin A precursor) Phytoene synthase Phytoene desaturase Lycopene-‐beta-‐cyclase ξ-‐carotene desaturase Daffodil gene Single bacterial gene; performs both functions Daffodil gene β-‐Carotene Pathway Genes Added Vitamin A Pathway is complete and functional Golden Rice
- 28. THOUGH METABOLIC PATHWAYS ARE COMPLEX……THEY ARE INTERRELATED Understanding pathways is critical to developing new products
- 29. Modifying Pathway Components Can Produce New Products Modified Lipids = New Industrial Oils Turn On Vitamin Genes = Relieve Deficiency Increase amino acids = Improved Nutrition
- 30. DEVELOPING OUR GMOs: Tools that you can USE Ê Genetic Manipulation or Genetic Engineering Ê GOAL: introduce, alter, delete Ê Cloning and Cell Culture Ê What to manipulate: Genes, Cells, Tissue Ê GENOMICS, PROTEOMICS, METABOLOMICS
- 33. METHODS IN GENETIC ENGINEERING Ê GENE ISOLATION Ê TRANSFORMATION Ê SELECTION Ê REGENERATION Ê CONFIRMATION OF EXPRESSION
- 34. EXAMPLE: INSULIN BY BIOTECHNOLOGY muirbiology.wordpress.com
- 35. EXAMPLE: BT CORN www.scq.ubc.ca www.scq.ubc.ca
- 36. GENE ISOLATION globalgenes.org www.bluesci.org www.cvillepodcast.com hms.harvard.edu
- 37. THE PRINCIPLE TO ISOLATE THE GENE: Complementary Genetics 1. Protein sequence is related to gene sequence NH3 +-Met-Asp-Gly--------------Trp-Ser-Lys-COO- ATG GAT-GCT TGG-AGT-AAA C C C G A TCT G C A G 2. The genetic code information is used to design PCR primers Forward primer: 5ʼ’-‐ATGGAT/CGCN-‐3ʼ’ Reverse primer: 5ʼ’-‐T/CTTNC/GT/ACCA-‐3ʼ’ Notes: T/C = a mixture of T and C at this position; N = a mixture of all four nucleotides Reverse primer is the reverse complement of the gene sequence
- 38. THE GENETIC CODE plato.stanford.edu
- 39. 3. Use PCR to amplify gene fragment a. template DNA is melted (94C) 3ʼ’ 5ʼ’ 5ʼ’ 3ʼ’ 3ʼ’ 5ʼ’ 5ʼ’ 3ʼ’ b. primers anneal to complementary site in melted DNA (55C) 3ʼ’ 5ʼ’ 5ʼ’ 3ʼ’ 3ʼ’ 5ʼ’ 5ʼ’ 3ʼ’ c. two copies of the template DNA made (72C)
- 40. Denaturation: DNA melts Annealing: Primers bind Extension: DNA is replicated PCR Animation
- 41. Human clone library Clones transferred to filter PCR fragment probe added to filter Hot-‐spots are human gene of interest 4. Gene fragment used to screen library
- 42. HOW WERE YOUR GENES ISOLATED? Ê Golden Rice Ê BT Corn Ê Edible Vaccine in Potato Ê GMO Soya Ê Recombinant Hepatitis B vaccine