Measurement levels
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The document discusses the four levels of measurement: nominal, ordinal, interval, and ratio. Nominal measurement assigns values that name attributes uniquely without order. Ordinal assigns ordered but non-quantitative values. Interval assigns values where distances are meaningful. Ratio has all interval properties plus a true absolute zero, allowing meaningful ratios. The level of measurement impacts what statistical analyses can be done and how data should be interpreted.
Measurement levels
- 2. The Levels of Measurement Nominal Ordinal Interval Ratio
- 3. What Is Level of Measurement? The relationship of the values that are assigned to the attributes for a variable
- 4. What Is Level of Measurement? The relationship of the values that are assigned to the attributes for a variable Relationship
- 5. What Is Level of Measurement? The relationship of the values that are assigned to the attributes for a variable 1 2 3 Relationship Values
- 6. Why Is Level of Measurement Important? Helps you decide what statistical analysis is appropriate on the values that were assigned Helps you decide how to interpret the data from that variable
- 7. Nominal Measurement The values “name” the attribute uniquely.
- 8. Nominal Measurement The values “name” the attribute uniquely. The name does not imply any ordering of the cases.
- 9. Nominal Measurement The values “name” the attribute uniquely. The value does not imply any ordering of the cases, for example, jersey numbers in football.
- 10. Nominal Measurement The values “name” the attribute uniquely. The value does not imply any ordering of the cases, for example, jersey numbers in football. Even though player 32 has higher number than player 19, you can’t say from the data that he’s greater than or more than the other.
- 11. Ordinal Measurement When attributes can be rank-ordered…
- 12. Ordinal Measurement When attributes can be rank-ordered… Distances between attributes do not have any meaning.
- 13. Ordinal Measurement When attributes can be rank-ordered… Distances between attributes do not have any meaning,for example, code Educational Attainment as 0=less than H.S.; 1=some H.S.; 2=H.S. degree; 3=some college; 4=college degree; 5=post college
- 14. Ordinal Measurement When attributes can be rank-ordered… Distances between attributes do not have any meaning,for example, code Educational Attainment as 0=less than H.S.; 1=some H.S.; 2=H.S. degree; 3=some college; 4=college degree; 5=post college Is the distance from 0 to 1 the same as 3 to 4?
- 15. Interval Measurement When distance between attributes has meaning…
- 16. Interval Measurement When distance between attributes has meaning, for example, temperature (in Fahrenheit) -- distance from 30-40 is same as distance from 70-80
- 17. Interval Measurement When distance between attributes has meaning, for example, temperature (in Fahrenheit) -- distance from 30-40 is same as distance from 70-80 Note that ratios don’t make any sense -- 80 degrees is not twice as hot as 40 degrees (although the attribute values are).
- 18. Ratio Measurement Has an absolute zero that is meaningful
- 19. Ratio Measurement Has an absolute zero that is meaningful Can construct a meaningful ratio (fraction)
- 20. Ratio Measurement Has an absolute zero that is meaningful Can construct a meaningful ratio (fraction), for example, number of clients in past six months
- 21. Ratio Measurement Has an absolute zero that is meaningful Can construct a meaningful ratio (fraction), for example, number of clients in past six months It is meaningful to say that “...we had twice as many clients in this period as we did in the previous six months.
- 22. The Hierarchy of Levels Nominal
- 23. The Hierarchy of Levels Nominal Attributes are only named; weakest
- 24. The Hierarchy of Levels Nominal Attributes are only named; weakest Ordinal
- 25. The Hierarchy of Levels Nominal Attributes are only named; weakest Attributes can be orderedOrdinal
- 26. The Hierarchy of Levels Nominal Interval Attributes are only named; weakest Attributes can be orderedOrdinal
- 27. The Hierarchy of Levels Nominal Interval Attributes are only named; weakest Attributes can be ordered Distance is meaningful Ordinal
- 28. The Hierarchy of Levels Nominal Interval Ratio Attributes are only named; weakest Attributes can be ordered Distance is meaningful Ordinal
- 29. The Hierarchy of Levels Nominal Interval Ratio Attributes are only named; weakest Attributes can be ordered Distance is meaningful Absolute zero Ordinal