Measures of Development
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This document defines several key measures used to assess a country's level of development: - Birth rate and death rate measure population growth and mortality. - Infant mortality rate indicates child health and development levels. - Life expectancy has risen over time in countries with better healthcare and less poverty. - Literacy rate reflects education levels. - GDP, GNP, and GNP per capita are economic measures of wealth by location, ownership, and average income respectively.
Measures of Development
- 2. Birth Rate number of babies born for every 1000 people in a population in a given year Ex: 9/1000
- 3. Death Rate number of people that die per year for every 1000 people in a population Example: 87/1000
- 4. Infant Mortality Rate number of children that do not live past the first year of life for every 1000 people in a population
- 5. Life Expectancy how long a person in a given country is expected to live Average number of years taken for males and females over an extended period of time Depends on factors such as health care, education and poverty ie. Canada 1920-1922 male – 59 female – 61 Canada 1990-1992 male – 75 female – 81
- 6. Literacy Rate percentage of people in a given country over the age of 15, with understanding, can read and write at a basic level
- 7. GDP (wealth by location) GDP – Gross Domestic Product Economic output determined by location If it’s made in a country, then it’s counted as part of GDP Example: Honda is a Japanese owned company. However, it operates several plants in Canada. The value of the products it makes in Canada counts towards the GDP, even though the company is not owned by Canadians.
- 8. GNP (wealth by ownership) GNP – Gross National Product The total income that residents of the country earn within the year. Wages and salaries of employees, the profits realized by entrepreneurs and stockholders, the rents received by landlords, and the indirect taxes (such as GST, PST and the gasoline tax) collected by governments. It includes the dividends that Canadians receive from abroad, minus dividends paid by businesses operating in Canada to foreigners.
- 9. GNP (wealth by ownership) GNP – Gross National Product Example: Ford is an American company that operates plants in countries OUTSIDE the USA. The economic output from those plants created outside of its borders counts towards USA GNP because those plants are American owned.
- 10. GNP per Capita the dollar value of a country's final output of goods and services in a year (its GNP), divided by its population. it reflects the average income of a country's citizens. is a useful way to assess each country's relative wealth or poverty