Methodology fair
- 1. 1 METHODOLOGY ASSIGNMENT SUBMITTED BY SUBMITTED TO BINDHUJA KRISHNAN J ANAMIKA MISS ENGLISH OPTIONAL
- 2. 2 TOPIC “ LANGUAGE EDUCATION AND SECOND LANGUAGE PEDAGOGY ”
- 3. 3 INDEX SL. NO. TOPIC PAGE NO. 1. Introduction 4 2. Language Education And Second Language Pedagogy 5-10 3. Conclusion 11 4. References 12
- 4. 4 INTRODUCTION Language education is the teaching and learning of a foreign or second language. Language education is a branch of applied linguistics. Increasing globalization has created a large need for people in the work force who can communicate in multiple languages. Language education may take place as a general school with a rich selection of proprietary methods online and in books, CDs and DVDs. There are many methods of teaching languages some have fallen into relative obscurity and others are widely used.
- 5. 5 LANGUAGE EDUCATION AND SECOND LANGUAGE PEDAGOGY In the late 1800s and most of 1900s, language teaching was usually conceived in terms of method. In seeking to improve teaching practices, teachers and researchers would typically try to find out which method was the most effective. The organizational key is that techniques carry out a method which is consistent with an approach. Approach is a set of principles or ideas about the nature of language learning which would be consistent over time. Method is an overall plan for the orderly presentation of language material. Technique referred to the actual implementation in the language classroom. Most current teacher training manuals favor the terms approach,method and technique. STRUCTURAL METHODS 1.Grammar-translationmethod
- 6. 6 The grammar translation method instructs students in grammar and provides vocabulary with direct translations to memorize. It was the predominant method in Europe in the 19th century. 2.Audio-Lingual Method The Audio-Lingual Method was developed in the U S A around World War II when government realized that they needed more people who could conduct conversations fluent in a variety of languages, work as interpreters, code room assistants and translators. However,since foreign language instruction in that country was heavily focused on reading instruction, no text books, other materials or courses existed at the time, so new methods and materials had to be devised. FUNCTIONAL METHODS The oral approach and situational language teaching The oral approach was developed from the 1930s to the 1960s by British applied linguists such as Harold Palmer and A. S. Harnsloy. They were familiar
- 7. 7 with the direct method as well as the work of 19th century applied linguists such as Otto Jespertson and Daniel Jones but attempted to formally develop a more scientifically founded approach to teaching english thant was evidenced by the direct method. INTERACTIVE METHODS 1.Direct method The direct method, sometimes also called natural method, is a method that refrains from using the learners native language and just uses the target language.It was established in Germany and France around 1900 and is best represented by the methods. The direct method operates on the idea that second language learning must be an imitation of first language learning as this is the natural way humans learn its first language, and thus the mother-tongue is not necessary to learn a foreign language.
- 8. 8 2.The series method In the 19th century Francois Gouin went Hamberg to learn German. The series method is a variety of the direct method in that experiences are directly connected to the target language, Gouin felt that such direct translation of experience into words, makes for a living language. 3.Communicative language teaching CLT also known as the communicative approach, emphasizes interaction as both the means and the ultimate goal of learning a language. 4.Language immersion Language immersion in schools contexts delivers academic contents through the medium of a foreign language, providing support for language learning and first language maintenance. There are three main types of immersion education programs in the United States: foreign language immersion, dual immersion and indigenous immersion.
- 9. 9 5.Silent way Silent way is a discovery learning approach, invented by Caleb Gattagno in the late 1950s. The teacher is largely silent, giving more space for the students to explore the language. 6.Community language learning The CLL is a method proposed language by Charles A Curren during 1970s. It is based on the counseling approach in which the teacher is seen as a counselor. There is no syllabus or textbook to follow and it is the students themselves who determine the content. 7.Suggestopedia It was a method that experienced popularity especially in past years, with bothstaunch supporters and very strong critics, some claiming it is based on pseudoscience. 8.Natural approach The Natural approach is a language teaching method developed by Stephen Krashen and
- 10. 10 Tracy D Terrell. They emphasise the learners receiving large amounts of comprehensible input. 9.Total physical response In TPR, the instructor gives the students commands in the target language and the students act those commands out using whole-body responses.
- 11. 11 CONCLUSION Language education may take place as a general school subject, in a specialized language school, or out of school with a rich selection of proprietary methods online and in books, CDs and DVDs. There are many methods of teaching languages. Some have fallen into relative obscurity and others widely used; still others have a small following, but offer used insights.
- 12. 12 REFERENCES . Anthony, E. M. – Approach, Method and Technique. . Brown, H. – Teaching by Principles: An Interactive Approach to Language Pedagogy.