Methods of acquring knowledge
Download as PPTX, PDF2 likes4,774 views
The document discusses the foundations of knowledge acquisition, highlighting the roles of authority, tradition, experience, and scientific methods as crucial for understanding phenomena. It emphasizes the importance of objective and logical approaches in scientific inquiry, including the formulation of hypotheses and the verification of findings. Finally, it explains that a theory must consist of interrelated constructs to explain and predict phenomena while adhering to existing knowledge.
Methods of acquring knowledge
- 2. 2.Tradition –Closely related to authority. Man unquestioningly accepts many traditions of his forefathers or culture. 1)Authority-–when factual evidence cannot be obtained, one has to rely upon authoritative opinion. 3)Experience-one should be critical about it. 6)Scientific Method-Charles Darwin-Combination of Inductive & deductive 5)-Inductive Reasoning-Francis Bacon 4)Deductive Reasoning –Aristotle-syllogism-general to specific-Major premise, minor premise-conclusion
- 3. 1)Authority-–when factual evidence cannot be obtained, one has to rely upon authoritative opinion.
- 4. 2.Tradition –Closely related to authority. Man unquestioningly accepts many traditions of his forefathers or culture.
- 5. 3)Experience-one should be critical about it.
- 6. 4)Deductive Reasoning –Aristotle-syllogism-general to specific-Major premise, minor premise-conclusion
- 8. 6)Scientific Method-Charles Darwin-Combination of Inductive & deductive
- 9. Identification of Problem Formulation of Hypothesis Collection, Organization & Analysis of Data Finding the Conclusions Verification-rejection or modification of hypothesis
- 10. All events in nature are lawful or ordered predictable & regular Truth can ultimately be derived from observation. The Scientists maintain doubtful attitude towards data- verification. of the findings. The scientist is objective ,impartial and logical in collecting &interpreting the data. Scientist does not bother about the moral implications of his findings The ultimate goal of science is to integrate & systematize findings in to a meaningful pattern of theory
- 11. Science Reduction & Control of Bias Quest for Precision Verification Empiricism Theory construction
- 12. A theory is a set of interrelated constructs (Concepts) definition & proposition that present a systematic view of phenomena by specifying relations among variables with the purpose of explaining & predicting the phenomena
- 13. Theory is a set of statements comprising of interrelated constructs, definitions & propositions A theory sets out the relations among the set of constructs, definitions or propositions in order to present a systematic view of the phenomenon A theory explains a phenomena by specifying what variables are related to what variable & how they are related. So enable the scientists to predict from certain variables to certain other variable.
- 14. A theory must be stated in simple &precise terms ( Law of Parsimony) • A theory must be in conformity both with the observed and previously established body of knowledge or validated theory. It must provide means for its own interpretation & verification