methods of english grammer
- 1. Energise EnableInvolve YES, I CAN LEARN & SPEAK ENGLISH
- 2. Energise EnableInvolve HOW TO LEARN ENGLISH EFFECTIVELY SITTING AT A TABLE LOOKING AT YOUR NOTEBOOK IS NOT THE BEST WAY TO STUDY ENGLISH. MOST OF THE TIME, YOUR MIND IS NOT ACTIVELY USING THE INFORMATION THAT YOU ARE STUDYING, AND PRACTICAL LEARNING DOES NOT TAKE PLACE. HERE ARE SOME TECHNIQUES THAT WILL HELP YOU LEARN MORE EFFECTIVELY.
- 3. Energise EnableInvolve WRITE A JOURNAL • Writing every day lets you see your grammar clearly in front of you, express your ideas, and use a non-oral method in communicate in English. Then read the corrected version out loud. • It is a good idea to re-copy the corrected journal too, so that you will have the experience of writing your ideas down in proper English.
- 4. Energise EnableInvolve READ A BOOK • By Reading A Story, You Create A Picture In Your Imagination That Will Connected Different Parts Of Your Brain To English. Find A Book That Is Not Too Difficult. • Do Not Stop Every Time You Find A New Word. • Guess What The Word Probably Means, Continue Reading, And Check In Your Dictionary At The End Of The Page Or Chapter.
- 5. Energise EnableInvolve Re-write your class notes every day. • Writing your notes a second time will allow you to remember more strongly what you study. • It will also make your notebook neater, making it easier to study.
- 6. Energise EnableInvolve WATCH TV AND MOVIES, AND LISTEN TO THE RADIO. • Even if you don’t understand everything, you will still be learning. • It is possible to understand the content even if you know only 30% of the words that you hear! • Your listening ability will improve day by day-and it’s fun!
- 7. Energise EnableInvolve KEEP A VOCABULARY NOTEBOOK IN A SEPARATE NOTEBOOK FROM YOUR CLASS NOTES • Take an active approach to learning new vocabulary. • If you find 5 words a day, 6 days a week, you will learn about 140 new words a month; 10 words a day would bring you over than 280 new words a month. • Hint – approach new words by subject: things connected to your hobies, to your interests etc. • Do it this way: • Think of a word you know in your language. • Look it up in your dictionary. • When you find the English word, write it down on the left side of your vocabulary note book. • In the midle of the page, write down if the word is a noun (n), verb (v), adjective (adj), etc. so that you will know how to use the word. • Look the word up in an English-English dictionary. • Write the English definition on the right side of the the page (or on the next page). • Copy a sentence from the dictionary. This will help you learn how to use the word correctly. • Practice reading this sentence untll it becomes natural for you.
- 8. Energise EnableInvolve SPEAK LOTS OF ENGLISH WITH YOUR FRINDS • You improve your spoken English by speaking English in different situations with people of all nationalities. • If you want to speak English better in the future, speak it as much as possible now!
- 9. Energise EnableInvolve THINK POSITIVELY • People who say “I can’t speak English well” are corrected. • People who say “Every day in every way, my English is getting better and better” are also correct. • What you think is what you get. • Practice saying the second sentence every day, and you will see greater improvement in your English and in your confidence. • Remember: the more fun you have with English,the easier it will be to learn ENJOY
- 10. Energise EnableInvolve English Grammar In Easy Way
- 11. Energise EnableInvolve Preview • Definitions • Nouns • Pronouns • Verbs • Adjectives • Adverbs • Prepositions • Conjunctions • Interjections • Determiners • Subordinators • Interrogatives • Qualifiers • Sentence combinations • Yes/no questions • Information questions • Punctuation rules • Capitalization rules
- 12. Energise EnableInvolve Grammar • DEFINITION The grammar of a language is a complex of systems that may be analyzed and studied on these three levels: (Noam Chomsky’s UG) 1. Phonology (set of sounds/ symbols) 2. Morphology (combinations of sounds that carry single units of meaning) 3. Syntax (how single units of meaning are combined to form words, phrases and sentences.
- 13. Energise EnableInvolve Parts of speech (Nouns) • Nouns 1. Definition 2. Proper / common 3. Singular / plural (annex) 4. Count / non-count /abstract (annex) (how much – how many) 5. Collectible (group nouns) 6. Units of measurement (Reference: Schramper Azar, Betty,1996. Basic English Grammar)
- 14. Energise EnableInvolve Definition (proper and common nouns) • Nouns – words used to name a person, place, thing, object, quality, idea, concept, or an action. Ref. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2001) • Proper Nouns- special or particular name given to common nouns to distinguish them from others of the same kind. Example: common- woman proper Martha a country Puerto Rico a pet Puppy many others a monument The Statue of Liberty a day Monday a place Ryder Hospital A person Carlos Proper Nouns
- 15. Energise EnableInvolve Proper and common nouns COMMON PROPER COMMON PROPER day Saturday associations Members Club month October movies Titanic mountain El Yunque planets Neptune river The Amazon city San Juan ocean Pacific Ocean historical periods Middle Ages book Applied Linguistic language Spanish newspaper New York Times nationality Puerto Rican religion Catholic School course English 101 brand of product Cadillac institutions University of Puerto Rico
- 16. Energise EnableInvolve Nouns (singular and plural) • Rule No. 1 (Add –s to the end of noun) cup cups student students • Rule No.2 consonants before “y” change –y to i and add –es city -cities party- parties lady-ladies • Rule No.3 vowels before “y” add –s boy –boys key –keys day -days
- 17. Energise EnableInvolve Singular and plural (cont.) • Rule No. 4 (–f and –fe endings) change the –f or –fe to v and –es life –lives wife –wives thief –thieves • Rule No. 5 (sh, ch, x, ss endings) add –es bush –bushes match –matches box -boxes kiss -kisses • Rule No. 6 (consonant + o) add –es (vowel +o) –s tomato –tomatoes radio radios
- 18. Energise EnableInvolve PRACTICE EXERCISES USE THE PLURAL FORM TO FILL IN THE BLANKS. (PROVIDED LIST) Baby Boy City Country Lady Party Tray Key Dictionary cowboy • They have one girl and two ______. • I visited many _______ last year. • Women give birth to _______. • She lost the _____ of the car and the house! • _____ rides horses in Texas. • Madrid and Paris are beautiful _______. • We must bring ______ to the English class. • Good evening _____ and gentleman. • On Saturday nights, I like to go to _______. • People carry their food on _____ at the cafeteria.
- 19. Energise EnableInvolve Pronunciation of plurals (s / es)• Group A Final –s is pronounced /z/ after voiced sounds (taxicabs, beds, dogs, balls, years, days, boys, trees, etc.) • Group B Final –s is pronounced /s/ after voiceless sounds (books, cups, groups, cats, students, desks, etc.) • Group C Final –s, es is pronounced /ez/ after “s” sounds (classes, horses, boxes, faces) after “z” sounds (sizes, roses, noises) after “sh” sounds (dishes, bushes) after “ch” sounds (matches, sandwiches) after “ge/dge” sounds (pages, ages, bridges, edges)
- 20. Energise EnableInvolve Irregular plural forms (exceptions) • Child children • Foot feet • Man men • Woman women • Mouse mice • Tooth teeth • Fish fish • _____ people (is always plural) (no s)
- 21. Energise EnableInvolve Count and noncount. nouns • Count nouns a book books one book two books some books a lot of books many books a few books • Non-count nouns money some money a lot of money much money a little money • Common non-count nouns advice, furniture, love, peace, homework, luck information, food, mail, music, traffic, weather, work, bread, cheese, coffee, rice, sand, meat, milk, water, sugar, money, oil, liquids materials (paper) abstracts general food gases
- 22. Energise EnableInvolve Chair Traffic Music Work Furniture Cars Coffee Water Coin Fact Library Jewelry Money Information Peace Rings Letters Homework Advice Justice mail assignment job sugar ORAL PRACTICE (COUNT VS. NON-COUNT)
- 23. Energise EnableInvolve Pronouns • Definition • Personal pronouns (subject- object) • Possessive adjectives • Possessive pronouns • Reflexive • Indefinite • Interrogative • Demonstrative • Relative • reciprocal
- 24. Energise EnableInvolve Verbs (verb tenses /conjugation)• Definition • Regular • Irregular verbs • Spelling / pronunciation • Conjugation (annex-practice) • Auxiliary verbs/ modals (annex) • Infinitives • Gerunds
- 25. Energise EnableInvolve Verbs Regular/ Irregular/ verb tenses Regular verbs (d or ed endings) /d/ sound pronunciation /t/ sound pronunciation /ed/ pronunciation
- 26. Energise EnableInvolve Irregular verbs • Three forms • Two forms • One form
- 27. Energise EnableInvolve Verb conjugation • Simple present tense I Work You Work He, she, it Works We Work You Work they work
- 28. Energise EnableInvolve Verb tenses • Simple past I Worked You Worked He, she, it Worked We Worked You Worked they Worked
- 29. Energise EnableInvolve Verb tenses • Simple future • Another way to express the simple future I am going to work tomorrow. She is going to work next week. They are going to work on Sunday. I will work You will work He, she, it will work We will work You will work they will work
- 30. Energise EnableInvolve Present progressive I am working right now. You are working. He, she, it is working. We are working. You are working. They are working.
- 31. Energise EnableInvolve Past progressive (continuous) I was working last night. You were working yesterday. He, she, it was working last summer. We were working a few hours ago. You were working last week. They were working last Monday.
- 32. Energise EnableInvolve Future progressive (continuous) I will be working tomorrow. You will be working this afternoon. He, she, it will be working next weekend. We will be working tonight. You will be working next summer. They will be working next semester.
- 33. Energise EnableInvolve Adjectives • Definition • Articles as adjectives • Order of adjectives in a series (color, size, origin, nationalities, shape, age, etc..) • Past participles / gerunds used as adjectives • Comparatives and superlatives comparisons (annex-practice)
- 34. Energise EnableInvolve Adverbs • Definition • Adverbs of frequency (annex) • Adverbs of time • Adverbs of location (place) • Adverbs of mode
- 35. Energise EnableInvolve Prepositions • Definition • IN, ON and AT (annex –time and location) • All prepositions • Transitional expressions (prep. Phrases-annex)
- 36. Energise EnableInvolve Conjunctions • Definition • Correlative conjunctions • Coordinating conjunctions • Subordinate conjunctions • Conjunctive adverbs • Other subordinators (annex)
- 37. Energise EnableInvolve Interjections and other words • Definition and examples • Onomatopoeias • Numerals (cardinals, ordinals) • Determiners • Qualifiers • Subordinators • interrogatives
- 38. Energise EnableInvolve Capitalization Rules (annex) Punctuation Rules (annex) Sentence Combinations YES/NO questions Information questions
- 39. Energise EnableInvolve • THANK YOU AND KEEP GOING