Micro processor, micro controller, raspberry pi3
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The document provides an overview of the evolution of microprocessors and microcontrollers, detailing their advancements through five generations from serial processing to multi-million transistor designs. It distinguishes between microprocessors, which lack integrated RAM and ROM, and microcontrollers, which are complete systems on a chip with various peripherals. Additionally, it discusses the Raspberry Pi as an affordable, flexible computing solution suitable for learning and various applications.
Micro processor, micro controller, raspberry pi3
- 1. MICRO PROCESSOR & MICRO CONTROLLER Sai kumar
- 2. EVOLUTION OF MICROPROCESSOR First-generation: 1. 1971 to 1972 1st gen microprocessors processed their instructions serially. 2. Fetches the instruction, decoded it, then executed it. Then fetches next instruction. Second generation: 1. By the late 1970s, enough transistors were available on the IC 2. This new technology resulted in increase in instruction, execution, speed, and higher chip densities, with the use of semi conductor technologies fabricated on the chip. Third generation: 1. In 1978, This generation of microprocessors was different from the previous ones in that all major manufacturers began developing their own RISC-based microprocessor architectures
- 3. CONT.., Fourth generation: entered their fourth generation with designs surpassing a million transistors Fifth generation: employed decoupled super scalar processing, and their design soon surpassed 10 million transistors. In this generation, PCs are a low-margin, high-volume-business dominated by a single microprocessor.
- 4. MICRO PROCESSOR 1. Microprocessor is an IC which has only the CPU inside them i.e. only the processing powers such as Intel’s Pentium 1,2,3,4, core 2 duo, i3, i5 etc. 2. These microprocessors don’t have RAM, ROM, and other peripheral on the chip. 3. A system designer has to add them externally to make them functional. 4. Application of microprocessor includes Desktop PC’s, Laptops, notepads etc.
- 5. LAYOUT
- 7. WHAT DOES 16-BIT MEAN??? ALU, Internal registers and its Instruction set are designed to work with 16- bit binary word…
- 8. MICRO CONTROLLER 1. Microcontroller has a CPU, in addition with a fixed amount of RAM, ROM and other peripherals all embedded on a single chip. 2. At times it is also termed as a mini computer or a computer on a single chip. 3. In general, micro controller is the brain of embedded system
- 9. LAYOUT
- 10. ARCHITECTURE 1. A CPU, ranging from simple 4-bit to complex 64-bit processers. 2. timers, event counters and watchdog. 3. RAM, ROM, EPROM, EEPROM or flash memory 5. Programming capabilities. 6. Serial input/output such as serial ports. 7. A clock generator for resonator, quartz timing crystal or RC circuit. 8. Analog-to-digital convertors. 9. address bus. 10. Data bus to carry information.
- 11. EXAMPLES 1. keyboards, 2. mouse, 3. washing machine, 4. Digi cam, 5. Pen drive, 6. remote, 7. microwave, 8. cars, 9. bikes, 10. telephone, 11. mobiles, 12. watches,
- 12. EXAMPLES Household appliances Integrated systems in aircrafts and missiles Electric and Electronic Motor controllers Engine controllers in automobiles Calculators Medical equipment’s Videogames Digital musical instruments
- 13. MICRO PROCESSOR VS MICRO CONTROLLER • CPU, RAM, ROM, I/O and timer are all on a single chip • Fixed amount of on-chip ROM, RAM, I/O ports • Not Expansive • Single-purpose • Interact with machines • compact • less power • software protection is possible • CPU is stand-alone, RAM, ROM, I/O, timer are separate • Designer can decide the amount of ROM, RAM and I/O ports • Expansive • General-purpose • Interact with humans • Bulkier • Consume more power • Software protection is not possible
- 14. RASPBERRY PI 1. The Raspberry Pi is a series of credit card-sized single- board computers.
- 15. FEATURES 1. Ultra low-cost (Model A 1800/- , Model B 2500/-) 2. Ultra low-power ~1W 3. Credit-card sized, fan less, instant start-up 4. Complete easy-to-program computer 5. fun experimenting with programming and electronics 6. Inexpensive, simple, open and easy to maintain 7. Educating children to experiment at home(programming, robotics, etc...)
- 16. APPLICATIONS 1. Media streamer 2. Arcade machine 3. Tablet computer 4. Home automation 5. Internet of things 6. Controlling robots 7. Cosmic computer