Mp evolution
- 2. OUTLINE Introduction First Generation Second Generation Third Generation Fourth Generation Fifth Generation 2 Evolution of Microprocessors
- 3. MICROPROCESSOR Evolution of Microprocessors3 Microprocessor is a device that integrates the functions of the CPU in a computer onto a single chip or at most a few chips. It is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output.
- 4. Microprocessor Essentials Evolution of Microprocessors4 Microprocessors contain core essentials of a computer system. Memory unit ALU Control unit Interrupt / Exception controller Internal cache
- 5. Microcomputer Hardware Evolution of Microprocessors5 The micro computer consists of 1. System Bus 2. Microprocessor 3 Memory unit 4 Input/output unit
- 6. Microprocessor Vs Microcontroller Evolution of Microprocessors6 Microprocessor is an IC which has only the CPU inside them but Microcontroller has a CPU, in addition with a fixed amount of RAM, ROM and other peripherals all embedded on a single chip. Microprocessors are designed to perform unspecific tasks whereas Microcontrollers are designed to perform specific tasks. Microcontroller is far cheaper than a microprocessor.
- 7. EVOLUTION OF MICROPROCESSORS Evolution of Microprocessors7 We divide the years of development of microprocessors as 5 generations. First Generation (1971 – 1973) Second Generation (1974 – 1978) Third Generation (1979 – 1980) Fourth Generation (1981 – 1995) Fifth Generation (1995 – till date)
- 8. First Generation (1971 – 1973) Evolution of Microprocessors8 Intel Corporation introduced 4004, the first microprocessor in 1971. 4004 is a 4-bit microprocessor. It is evolved from the development effort while designing a calculator chip. They were fabricated using PMOS (P-type metal-oxide- semiconductor logic) technology which provided low cost, slow speed and low output currents.
- 9. Second Generation (1974 – 1978) Evolution of Microprocessors9 Marked the beginning of very efficient 8-bit microprocessors. Some of the popular processors were: Motorola’s 6800 and 6809 Intel’s 8085 Zilog’s Z80 They were manufactured using NMOS (N-type metal-oxide- semiconductor logic) technology. This technology offered faster speed and higher density than PMOS.
- 10. Third Generation (1979 – 1980) Evolution of Microprocessors10 This age is dominated by 16-bits microprocessors. Some of them were: Intel’s 8086/80186/80286 Motorola's 68000/68010 They were designed using HMOS (High density, short channel metal- oxide-semiconductor ) technology. HMOS provides some advantages over NMOS. HMOS can accommodate twice the circuit density compared to NMOS. Intel used HMOS technology to recreate 8085A and named it as 8085AH with a higher price tag.
- 11. Fourth Generation (1981 – 1995) Evolution of Microprocessors11 This era marked the beginning of 32-bits microprocessors. Intel introduced 432, which was bit problematic. Then a clean 80386 is launched. Motorola introduced 68020/68030. They were fabricated using low-power version of the HMOS technology called HCMOS (High Speed Complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor).
- 12. Fifth Generation (1995 – till date) Evolution of Microprocessors12 This age the emphasis is on introducing chips that carry on-chip functionalities an improvements in the speed of memory and I/O devices along with introduction of 64-bit microprocessors. Intel leads the show here with Pentium, Celeron and very recently dual and quad core processors working with up to 3.5GHz speed.
- 13. SUMMARY Evolution of Microprocessors13 Microprocessor 5 generations of Microprocessors