Micro teaching skills - Skill of reinforcement
- 1. Skill of Reinforcement By Dr. I. Uma Maheswari iuma_maheswari@yahoo.co.in
- 2. Meaning and Nature It help students in increasing their rate of correct responding. It provides positive reinforcer at an appropriate interval. Reinforced responses tend to be repeated in given situation. It is a tool in the hands of the teacher to make his teaching more productive.
- 3. Used to secure attending of and to motivate the students for learning. The behaviour of the student of responding correct is reinforced. It is based on the principle of feedback. It involves more and more positive reinforcement.
- 4. Definition An individual tends to repeat the pleasant experiences and avoid the unpleasant ones – Redomistic Principle. Reinforcers The stimuli that provides or contribute to the pleasant experience are called positive reinforcers, while the stimuli providing unpleasant experiences can be termed as negative reinforcers.
- 5. Merits It develops self – confidence. It motives students. Inculcate active participation of the students. Pleasant atmosphere will be created inside the classroom. Teaching – learning process will be lively.
- 6. Skill of Reinforcement Positive verbal reinforcement (PVR) Positive non-verbal reinforcement (PNVR) Negative verbal reinforcement (NVR) Negative non-verbal reinforcement (NNVR)
- 7. Positive verbal reinforcement “that’s good”, “right”, good, very good “yes”, “correct”, keep it up “fine”, “excellent”, marvellous, “splendid”, “well done”, Okay “I like what you are doing”, “continue”, fantastic “go-ahead with what you are saying”, “carry on”, etc
- 8. Positive non-verbal reinforcement Non verbal expressions like nodding of head, smiling, moving towards the responding pupil, keeping eyes on the pupil, giving ears to the pupil indicating that attention is being paid to the pupil’s words, writing the response of the pupil on the blackboard, any other nonverbal action indicating pleasure at the pupil’s response.
- 9. Negative verbal reinforcement Avoid discouraging expressions such as “I do not like what you are doing”, “Do something else”, “nonsense”, “you are not good”, “no”, “wrong”, “incorrect”, “stop it”, “that’s not”, etc., Discouraging cues and voice tones as “humph” in sarcastic voice
- 10. Negative non-verbal reinforcement Frowning, moving away from the responding pupil, keeping eyes on the pupil with discouraging looks, hard and disapproving stares, not looking at the responding pupil, tapping foot impatiently and walking around, etc.