Microprocessor
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The document discusses the history and basics of microprocessors. It begins by defining a microprocessor as a multipurpose programmable device that incorporates the functions of a CPU onto a single integrated circuit. It then discusses the timeline of early microprocessors from the Intel 4004 in 1971 to the development of 8-bit, 16-bit, 32-bit, and 64-bit microprocessors. The document also categorizes microprocessors based on instruction sets and data streams, and lists common uses of microprocessors in control units, instruments, computers, and other applications.
Microprocessor
- 3. What is Microprocessor? A microprocessor incorporate the function of a computer’s Central Processing unit (CPU) on a single integrated circuit (IC) or at most a few integrated circuits. It is multipurpose programmable device that accepts digital data as input, process it according to instructions stored in its memory and provides results as output.
- 4. What is Microprocessor? X Y Control unit IR PC ALU ACC MAR Data bus Control bus Address bus A simple microprocessor architecture Microprocessor System Design
- 5. History of Microprocessor. Intel 4004, the first general purpose , commercial microprocessor. The Intel 4004 was in 1972 by the Intel 8008, it is first 8 bit microprocessor of the world. The Intersil 6100 family consisted of a 12 bit microprocessor. The first multi-chip 16 bit microprocessor was the National semiconductor IMP-16 introduce in early 1973. The most significant of the 32 bit introduced in 1979. While 64 bit microprocessor have been in use several market since the early in 1990s, but 2000s 64 bit microprocessor target at the PC market.
- 6. History of Microprocessor. Microprocessor Timeline 1971 4004 1972 8008 1974 4040/8080 1979 8088 1982 80286 1985 80386 series 1989 80486 series 1993 Pentium family 1997 Pentium II family 1998 Celeron/ Xeon family 1999 Pentium III family 2000 Pentium 4 family
- 7. Categories of Microprocessor. Based on the number of instructions built into it, they can categorized as: Complex Instruction Set Computing (CISC)- Many Instruction built into it. Reduced Instruction Set Computing (RISC)- Instructions built into the microprocessor.
- 8. Categories of Microprocessor. Also can Categorized as: Single instruction single data stream (SISD) Single instruction multiple data stream (SIMD) Multiple instruction single data stream (MISD) Multiple instruction multiple data steam (MIMD)
- 9. Usage/Functions of Microprocessor. In Control Units: Microprocessors are used widely as controllers in industries and home appliances. In industries, we use them to control temperature, speed of motor and other parameters. On the other side we also use them in our home appliances like Microwave Oven and Washing machine etc. In Instruments: In this field, we use microprocessors in other instruments that may be lab instruments or industry instruments. This type is just like above. Some examples are: Frequency Counters, Function Generators and Spectrum Analyzers.
- 10. Usage/Functions of Microprocessor. In other Office and Home Applications: As we all know about Personal Computers and almost we all have them at our homes, offices etc. So we daily use them for different tasks. Daily new software programs are made to do things more quickly. Microprocessors are also used in some toys and other entertainment appliances. There are also many sectors where we make use of microprocessors.
- 11. Usage/Functions of Microprocessor. Function of Microprocessor Microprocessors are small chips that carry out all the roles of CPU. It is a device that allows a computer to work. It performs in same distinct way whether incorporated on laptops or servers. The first ever microprocessor was introduced by Intel in the year 1971. The processor was called Intel4004 and carried out most simple operations related to mathematics.
- 12. Future versions of Microprocessor. The Next 20 Years Microprocessor technology has delivered three-orders-of-magnitude performance improvement over the past two decades, so continuing this trajectory would require at least 30x performance increase by 2020. Microprocessor-performance scaling faces new challenges precluding use of energy-inefficient micro architecture innovations developed over the past two decades. Further, chip architects must face these challenges with an ongoing industry expectation of a 30x performance increase in the next decade and 1,000 x increases by 2030.
Editor's Notes
- #6: The Intersil 6100 family consisted of a 12 bit microprocessor. The first multi-chip 16 bit microprocessor was the National semiconductor IMP-16