The document discusses microservices architecture as an enhancement of service-oriented architecture. It describes microservices as a way to break up monolithic applications into smaller, interconnected services that implement distinct features. Each microservice has its own business logic and adapters, and may expose an API or user interface. The benefits of microservices include supporting agile development, reducing complexity, enabling independent scaling of services, and allowing choice of technologies. Potential drawbacks include increased complexity of distributed systems and coordinating changes across services. The document provides examples of how a monolithic taxi-hailing application could be decomposed into microservices for trip management, passenger management, driver management, and other functions.