Midterm research method hemant chandwani
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This document summarizes a review on the irrational use of antibiotics leading to antibiotic resistance. It introduces that antibiotic resistance emerged shortly after penicillin was introduced and has become a major public health concern. The primary cause of antimicrobial resistance is the irrational use of antibiotics, which results in a rapid increase in resistance. The review aims to study how irrational antibiotic use develops resistance and reduces drug efficacy, determine the causes of irrational medication use, examine which antibiotics are used and by whom, and identify factors influencing antibiotic use patterns and the costs and benefits of changing use.
Midterm research method hemant chandwani
- 1. “A REVIEW ON – IRRATIONAL USE OF ANTIBIOTICS LEADS TO DEVELOPMENT OF RESISTANCE.” Presented by: Hemant Chandwani sadhish k Jain Aditya Delu
- 2. INTRODUCTION As early as half a century ago, just a few years after penicillin was put on the market, scientists began noticing the emergence of a penicillin resistant strain of Staphylococcus aureus, a common bacterium in the human body's normal bacterial flora. the problem of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) It has developed into a global public health concern. It is essential to minimize the opportunities for resistance to emerge. PROBLEM STATEMENT: There is not much awareness among the people about rational and irrational use of drug, however irrational use of antibiotics develops resistance and reduces the
- 3. PRIMARY CAUSE OF AMR Resistance to antibiotic is severe threat. Irrational use of antibiotics resulted in rapid increase of AMR. LITRETURE REVIEW Abbadi et al. Characterization of IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism patterns and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance for multidrug-resistant isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis from a major reference hospital in Assiut, Egypt.
- 4. AI-Jebouri MM, AI-Meshhadani NS. A Iraq (Mosul): of a total of 600 isolates of E. coli collected, of which over 90% were E. coli type 1 and 8.3% serotype as enteropathogenic E coli, resistance to 11 antimicrobial agents was assessed. Over 40% were antibiotic-resistant and of these 77.1 % were resistant to more than one antibiotic.Need for study It is important to understand that why there is low awareness among patients in India regarding the irrational use of drug.. Also what are the measures we can take to enhance the awareness for rational use that increases the efficacy of drug use.
- 5. QUESTIONARRE: OBJECTIVES: •To study the development of resistance of antimicrobials by its irrational use. •To determine the cause of irrational use of medication. • Which antimicrobials are used and by whom? • What factors determine patterns of use of antimicrobial? • What are the relative costs and benefits from changing use?METHODOLOG YStudy area: India. Study respondents: Doctors and Pharmacists. Study design: Descriptive study.
- 6. Data collection approach: Source of data - Secondary data. Data analysis & interpretation: The data collected is analyzed, compiled and interpreted. Then the final report is submitted REFERENCES 1.Farhoudi-Moghaddam AA et al. Antimicrobial drug resistance and resistance factor transfer among clinical isolates of salmonellae in IraN. 2. Institute of Medicine. Antimicrobial resistance: issues and options. Workshop report. Washington DC, National Academy Press, 1998. Also available at: http://books.nap.edulbooks/0309060842/ html/R I.html EMlRC49/8 Page 19 Iqbal I, Pervez S, Bai
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