Mind reading computers
- 2. ABSTRACT Mind reading is a way to detect or infer the other’s mental states. The simplest way for mind reading can be done by simply seeing and understanding the facial expression. For example a smile can give us an expression of happiness. But now it may be possible that not only one human can understand other’s mental states but also a computer might understand the mental states of a person. This paper describes the ways how a computer might infer the mental state of a person and thus becomes the mind reading computer. This paper emphasize on the ways by which a computer might infer the mental state, one method is by facial expression analysis (FEA) and the second one by using a futuristic headband.
- 3. TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION WHAT IS MIND READING? WHY MIND READING? HOW DOES IT WORK? FLOW CHART OF MIND READING COMPUTER PROCESS OF MIND READING COMPUTER WEB SARCH TECHNIQUES APPLICATIONS ADVANTAGES DISATVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS APPLICATIONS CONCLUSION REFERENCES
- 4. INTRODUCTION People express their mental states, including emotions, thoughts and desires, all the time through facial expressions, vocal nuances and gestures. Mind reading machine is co-ordination of human psychology & computer techniques. Some equipment are used to gather data & then analyzed. To use those data for further prediction is known as theory of mind reading.
- 5. WHAT IS MIND READING? The team in the computer Laboratory of the University of Cambridge has developed mind-reading machines-computers that implement a computational model of mind-reading to infer mental states of people from their facial signals. Using a digital video camera, the mind-reading computer system analyzes a person’s underlying mental state, such as whether he or she is agreeing or disagreeing, interested or bared, thinking or confused. Prior knowledge of how particular mental states are expressed in the face is combined with analysis of facial expressions and head gestures occurring in real time. Software from Nevenvision identifies 24 feature points on the face and tracks them in real time. For example, a combination of a head nod, with a smile and eyebrows raised might mean interest.
- 6. WHY MIND READING? The mind-reading computer system presents information about your mental state as easily as a keyboard and mouse present text and commands. Current projects in Cambridge are considering further inputs such as body posture and gestures to improve the inference. We are also looking at the use of mind-reading to support on line shopping and learning systems.
- 7. HOW DOES IT WORK? FUTURISTIC HEADBAND The mind reading actually involves measuring the volume and oxygen level of the blood around the subject’s brain, using technology called functional near- infrared spectroscopy (FNIRS). The user wears a sort of futuristic headband that sends light in that spectrum into the tissues of the head where it is absorbed by active, blood-filled tissues. Measuring mental workload, frustration and distraction is typically limited to qualitatively observing computer users.
- 8. CONTINUED…........ A computer program which can read silently spoken words by analyzing nerve signals in our mouths and throats, has been developed by NASA. Biological signals arise when reading or speaking to oneself with or without actual lip or facial movement. In a 2011 study, researchers translates brain waves into the movie clips people were watching at the time. In 2014, two scientists transmitted thoughts to each other using a brain-to-brain link. And other studies have shown that computers can “see” what people are dreaming about, using only their brain activity.
- 10. WEB SARCH For the first test of the sensors, scientists trained the software program to recognize six words-including “go”, “left” and “right”-and 10 numbers. Then researchers put the letters of the alphabet into a matrix with each column and row labeled with a single-digit number. These were used to silently spell “NASA” into a web search engine using the program. “This proved we could browse the web without touching a keyboard”.
- 11. NEUROSCIENCE It deals with anatomy and molecular biology of neurons. A neuron is a nerve cell that is the basic building block of the nervous system. Neurons are specialized to transmit information throughout the body. It is done by measuring oxygen level of blood using FNIRS.
- 12. TECHNIQUES FACIALAFFECT DETECTION – It is done using hidden Markov Model, Neural Network processing or active appearance model.
- 13. EMOTIONAL CLASSIFICATION Classification by Paul Ekman Anger, Fear, Happiness, Disgust, Sadness, Surprise.
- 14. FACIAL ELECTROMYOGRAPHY It is used to measure the electrical activity of the facial muscles. Muscles used are “corrugator supercilli muscle” and others.
- 15. GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE It is a measure of skin conductivity, which is dependent on how moist the skin is.
- 16. BLOOD VOLUME PULSE It is measured by a process called photo plethysmography. It produces a graph indicating blood flow through the extremities.
- 17. ADVANTAGES Can read minds Help paralytic patients Help Handicapped people Help Comma patients Help people who cant speak Can be used for military purposes & sting operations Can be combined with consoles & used for mind gaming, robotics & stuff. Eliminate the capability to lie.
- 18. DISADVANTAGES Breach in privacy. Can extract, through an individual, an important, secure & confidential information of individual, state or even a country. If developed or used by sinners, can be highly dangerous. Eavesdropping. No way to neutralize this technology.
- 19. APPLICATIONS Mind-Reading Computers could ‘save your life’. Control robots by brain power. Emergency. Mind-Reading Computer that could communicate with coma patient. A mind controlled wheel chair developed from the university of electro- communication in Japan.
- 20. CONCLUSION Tufts University researchers have begun a three-year research project which, if successful, will allow computers to respond to the brain activity of the computer’s user. Users wear futuristic-looking headbands to shine light on their foreheads, and then perform a series of increasingly difficult tasks while the device reads what parts of the brain are absorbing the light. That info is then transferred to the computer, and from there the computer can adjust it’s interface and functions to each individual.