Mind Reading Computers

APPLIED SCIENCE IN
MIND READING
-ANJALI SOOREJ

CONTENTS
 Abstract
 Introduction
 About Mind Reading
 Basic Steps To Read Somebody’s Mind
 Futuristic Head Band
 Techniques In Mind Reading
 Head Pose Estimation
 Advantages And Applications
 Mind Controlled Wheelchair
 Disadvantages And Problems
 Advancements
 Findings And Suggestions
 Conclusion

ABSTRACT
● Modern technology has led to many new inventions: one such is the
innovation of mind-reading computers.
● The goal of building the mind-reading machines is to enable
computer technologies to understand and react to people’s emotions
and mental states.
● I have presented the science behind the mind-reading computers.
● Also, presented from the concept of mind-reading to the techniques
used for the same.

INTRODUCTION
Drawing inspiration from psychology, computer
vision and machine learning, the team in the
Computer Laboratory at the University of
Cambridge has developed mind-reading machines
computers that implement a computational model
of mind-reading to infer mental states of people
from their facial signals.

ABOUT MIND READING
● Mind reading may be defined as inferring human thoughts, emotions, and desires, etc. the
simplest method in mind reading is understanding the facial expressions, body posture and
gestures .
● The theory of mind-reading can be said to be the ability to attribute mental states to others
from their behavior and use that knowledge to guide our actions and predict those of
others.
● The machine works by using digital video cameras that analyze a person's facial expression
in real-time and infer a person's underlying mental state such as thinking, confused, bored,
agreeing, disagreeing, happy, sad, and angry.
● The mind-reading system is the coordination of the human psychology field and affective
computer techniques.

BASIC STEPS TO READ SOMEBODYS MIND
● Biofeedback-: Biofeedback learns how to recognize the
physical signs and symptoms of stress and anxiety, such as
heart rate, body temperature, and muscle tension (breathing,
heart rate, galvanic response, blood pressure, skin
temperature, brain waves and muscle tension).
● Stimulus and response-:When a subject is given a certain
stimulus, the brain will automatically produce a measurable
response so there's no need to train the subject to manipulate
specific brain waves.

FUTURISTIC HEADBAND
● Futuristic Headband contains a headband which sends light emission to the tissues of the
head where it is absorbed by active, blood-filled tissues.
● It measures the volume and oxygen level of the blood around the brain of the
subject(Functional near-infrared spectroscopy).
● The headband then measures how much light was absorbed.
● Then the results are compared to an MRI or it can be gathered with lightweight, non-
invasive equipment.
● Wearing the fNIRS sensor, subjects were asked to count the number of squares on a
rotating onscreen cube and to perform other tasks .
● The specific region of the mind where the bloodstream change happens ought to give signs
of the cerebrum's metabolic changes and by augmentation remaining task at hand, which
could be an intermediary for feelings like dissatisfaction.

TECHNIQUES
 FACIAL AFFECT DETECTION
 EMOTIONAL CLASSIFICATION
 FACIAL ELECTROMYOGRAPHY
 GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE
 BLOOD VOLUME PULSE
 HEAD POSE ESTIMATION

 We must know how the head is tilted concerning a camera.
 Application of the driver assistance system, a camera will be examining the
driver’s face and it can use head pose estimation to see if the driver is paying
attention to the road.
 Another application is where it can use head pose based gestures to control a
hands-free application/game.
 The position of an object should be subject to its orientation and position to the
camera. You can change the orientation and position by either moving the object
concerning the camera or vice versa.
To calculate pose estimation of an object in an image you need the following
information
○ 2D coordinates of a few points
○ 3D locations of the same point
○ Intrinsic parameters of the camera

 Head pose estimation use expression-invariant feature to
estimate pitch , yaw , and roll .
 For example estimation of head yaw using the ratio of a left
point to the right point of eye widths and estimation of the
head roll using the angle between the two inner eye
corners .
 For lip shape tracking that identifies for example lip corner
pull for smile and lip pucker the polar distance between
each of the two mouth corners and the anchor point is
computed.
 Color descriptors can tell that whether the mouth is closed
or open by differentiating the teeth and aperture by
different colors. For example, teeth are represented by
green color, and aperture is represented by red color.

ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS
 Utilizing button-sized sensors,
which connect under the jaw and
on the sides of Adam's apple, it is
conceivable to get and perceive
nerve signals and examples
outline the tongue and vocal
ropes that compare to
specific.(NASA)
 Bankruptcy prediction
 Helps astronauts to send
commands to rovers on other
planets and help injured
astronaut’s or physically disabled
people to control machines.
 Could save your life as devices
allow people to write letters or
play pinball using just the power
of their brains have become a
major draw at the world's biggest
high-tech fair.
 eliminate the capability to lie.
 control robots by brainpower.
 scientists may be able to decode
thoughts, dreams, and intentions
of the people and then the
thoughts can be converted to
speech.(brain activity)

 Mind reading computers could
communicate with coma patients.
Neuroimaging is used to read
human thoughts via brain activity
when they are communicating.
 Cerebrum wave checking
innovation, a vehicle can likewise
tell whether the driver is sluggish
or not.
 Crime prediction technology.
 Simple web searches, (Brain-
computer typing)map brainwaves.
 Mind controlled wheelchair.
 To exchange information and then
people can avail the message
without being overheard. It is
specifically used for military
purposes or sting operations.
 Combined with consoles and used
for mind gaming, robotics
ADVANTAGES & APPLICATIONS

● A mind-machine interfacing device, first device was designed by Diwakar Vaish.
● Patients suffering from locked-in syndrome(patient cannot move or communicate
verbally but aware of everything happening in the surrounding with their eyes
open), muscular dystrophy (a disease that weakens the musculoskeletal system and
hampers locomotion).
● Works using a brain-computer interface. It uses thoughts as neural impulses to
command the motorized wheelchair’s movement.
● Electroencephalogram is worn by the user. This detects neural impulses that reach
the scalp and allows the micro-controller on board to detect the user’s thought
process, interpret it, and control the wheel chair’s locomotion.
● Different types of sensors, for example, temperature sensors, sound sensors, and a
series of distance sensors that identify uneven surfaces are embedded in the
wheelchair.
● Chair is programmed to avoid surfaces such as stairs or steep inclines. It also has a
safety switch in case of anger and the user can close his eyes quickly to trigger an
emergency stop.

DISADVANTAGES AND PROBLEMS
 Invasion of privacy- hacked by unauthorized person will be
dangerous.
 If it is developed or utilized by miscreants it can end up being
risky.
 It can extract important, secure, and confidential information of
an individual, state, or even a country.
 No way to neutralize this technology as we cannot stop someone
from eavesdropping into our minds

ADVANCEMENTS
● As of 2020, it is the first time there is been a brain-computer interface, and
the first time you can theoretically control any device by focusing your
thoughts on them-entertainment and gaming(rocket ship) .
● Implantable devices were introduced- wheel chair, control device like smart
phone or electrical vehicle .
● Nissan unveiled Brain-to-Vehicle technology that would allow vehicles to
interpret signals from the driver's brains.
● Elon musk’s clinical trial –paralyzed patients.
● Australian mining companies introduced smart caps(looks like baseball cap)
to reduce the impact of fatigue on the safety and productivity of their staff.

FINDINGS & SUGGESTIONS
Findings:
● Can read one’s mind and tell whether the person is lying or not. –change of
expressions, bodily expressions, sweating, trembling
● Movement of the eye while speaking-if the subject is right-handed and if one’s eye
moves towards left, then the subject is tending to be lying and vice versa.
Suggestions:
● how the psychology and the computer techniques coordinate the mind reading

CONCLUSION
● Mind reading is the ability to infer
people’s mental state and use that to
make sense and predict their behavior.
● In this, I have discussed what mind-
reading technology has impacts in the
present world. Science beyond
technology explains how mind-reading
computers work.
● The different techniques used in mind
reading are reviewed and the various
advantages and applications are listed.
● The head pose estimation technique is
analyzed thoroughly.
● My findings related to the latest
updates are also recorded

Mind Reading Computers

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Mind Reading Computers