Minning Application and Remote Sensing Using Aster Imagery
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The document discusses the importance of geoinformatics in mining applications, highlighting various stages of mining such as prospecting, exploration, and reclamation, and the environmental impacts of mining activities. It details India's mineral resources, the structure of its mining industry, key regulations, and the role of GIS and remote sensing tools like ASTER in facilitating mineral exploration. The content underscores the need for efficient data management and advanced tools to improve the accuracy and effectiveness of mining operations.
![The policy level guidelines for mineral sector is given by the National
Mineral Policy of 2008.
Mining operations are regulated under the Mines and Minerals
(Development and Regulation) [MMDR] Act of 1957.
The State Governments, as owners of minerals, grant mineral
concessions and collect royalty, dead rent and fees as per the
provisions of MMDR Act 1957.These revenues are held in the
Consolidated Fund of State Government until the state legislature
approves their use through budgetary processes.
In a recent development, the Supreme Court has said that "Ownership
of minerals should be vested with the owner of the land and not with
the government.”](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/gippresentation-180803044233/85/Minning-Application-and-Remote-Sensing-Using-Aster-Imagery-14-320.jpg)
Minning Application and Remote Sensing Using Aster Imagery
- 1. MINING APPLICATIONS GEOINFORMATICS IN PLANNING Hrishikesh Satpute Presentation By: T.Y. Planning (Sem-V) College Of Engineering, Pune
- 3. STAGE 1 : INTRODUCTION What Is Mining ? Environmental Problems caused by Mining Mining Stages Overview in India Characteristics and Properties of Minerals Use of Minerals
- 4. 1. Mine: An excavation made in the earth to extract minerals. 2. Mining: Mining is a process of extracting mineral from earth interferes with elements of environment which in turn affects the growth and survival of flora and fauna and also affect the life on the earth. OR The activity, occupation, and industry concerned with the extraction of minerals. WHAT IS MINING ? Image No. 1. Excavators Used In Mining DEFINITIONS:
- 5. 1. Pollution of ground water and surface water 2. Loss of Productive Land 3. Loss of Soil Fertility 4. Air pollution 5. Noise pollution 6. Disturbance of soil strength 7. Deforestation, etc. ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS CAUSED BY MINING Image No. 2. Effects of bauxite mining
- 6. STAGES IN MININIG Time : 1 — 3Yr 1. Prospecting (Mineral Deposit) 2. Exploration (Ore Body) Time : 2 — 5Yr A. Prospecting methods : i. Direct: physical geologic ii. Indirect: geophysical, geochemical B. Locate favorable loci (maps,literature,old mines) B. Air: aerial photography, airborne geophysics, satellite d. Surface: ground geophysics,geology e. Spot anomaly,analyze, evaluate
- 7. STAGES (cont..) 4. Exploitation (Mine)3. Development (Prospect) Time : 2 — 5 Yr Time : 2 — 5 Yr
- 8. 5. Reclamation (Real Estate) STAGES (cont..) Time : 10 — 30 Yr
- 9. Due to the nature of the process of mineral exploration, geologists deal with a variety of data from different sources to explore for mineral deposits.They need to display and interpret this information quickly and easily. So, the study divided into several stages: 1. - Design the geodatabase according to the information that will go to be needed. 2. - Collect different datasets from a variety of sources and select the datasets which related to the study. 3. - Define the geological features based on the geological background and concepts that indicate to an area of mineralization. 4. - Bring all the datasets within the geodatabase along with all available and previous maps, charts and studies. 5. - Defining regions of interest from maps and graphs and it'll be created using a shape file from ArcGIS. METHODOLOGY
- 11. India is a mineral richcountryandhasfavourablegeologicalmilieuwhichisyettobefullyexplored,assessedandexploite d. •ExplorationactivitiesinIndiaaremostlycarriedoutbyGSI,MECL,variousStateDGMs,publicsectoru ndertakings(PSU)andprivatesectorentitiesbothdomesticandsubsidiariesofmanyglobalcompanie s. •Indiahasatotallandareaof3.2875millionsq.km.spreadacross5,065toposheetsandanareaof3.146 millionsq.km.ismappableandGSIhascovered3.09611millionsq.km.(98.41%)on1:50,000scaletillM arch31,2013. •GSIhasidentified0.571millionsq.km.asObviousGeologicalPotential(OGP)areaforminerals.Amaj orpartofthisOGPareaisyettobefullyexplored. TheGDPcontributionoftheminingindustryvariesfrom2.2%to2.5%onlybutgoingbytheGDPofthet otalindustrialsectoritcontributesaround10%to11%. Indianminingindustryprovidesjobopportunitiestoaround700,000individuals. MINERAL EXPLORATION IN INDIA
- 13. Major Minerals include coal, manganese ore, iron ore, bauxite, limestone, kyanite, sillimanite, barites, chromite, silica sand, fluorite, quartz, sand used for stowing purposes in coal mines and many other minerals USED FOR INDUSTRIAL PURPOSE Minor Mineral have been defined under section 3 (e) of Mines and Minerals (Regulation and development) Act, 1957.They include building stones, gravel, ordinary clay, ordinary sand, limestone used for lime burning, boulders, kankar, murum, brick earth, bentonite, road metal, slate, marble, stones used for making household utensils etc REGULATION OF MINERALS (MAJOR/MINOR)
- 14. The policy level guidelines for mineral sector is given by the National Mineral Policy of 2008. Mining operations are regulated under the Mines and Minerals (Development and Regulation) [MMDR] Act of 1957. The State Governments, as owners of minerals, grant mineral concessions and collect royalty, dead rent and fees as per the provisions of MMDR Act 1957.These revenues are held in the Consolidated Fund of State Government until the state legislature approves their use through budgetary processes. In a recent development, the Supreme Court has said that "Ownership of minerals should be vested with the owner of the land and not with the government.”
- 15. •The Advanced Space bornThermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer(ASTER) is a NASA instrument on the earth observing system(EOS)Terra platform. • It provides visible & near infrared(VNIR), shortwave-infrared (SWIR), long-wave infrared(LWIR) Earth observations in 14 spectral bands (plus one backward looking band). ASTER IMAGES FOR MINERAL EXPLORATION Table-1: Characteristics of ASTER
- 16. 4VNIR Bands: Provide information about Iron mineralogy and Rare earth minerals(fluoride, apatite, titanite, ect..,). 6 SWIR Bands: Mapping of molecular vibration absorption features. Ex:- carbonates and clays. 5 LWIR Bands: Mapping of silica content in surface exposures ASTER has 95% coverage of earth’s landmass, so ASTER images are a readily available data set that can provide timely and accurately positioned spatial information to facilitate fast mining activities around the world. ASTER provides data that will greatly improve geologists abilities to produce more accurate geologic maps at a fraction of the cost of conventional ground-based methods. ASTER data have characteristics that are particularly useful for geologic studies, especially where the rocks are well exposed.
- 17. • GIS can help in many aspects of the mineral exploration activities: data collection, management, analysis, and reporting. • Field geologists capture field data electronically using ArcPad and GPS receivers. • Data sources for mineral exploration vary from geologic maps, multispectral satellite images, and geophysical images to databases in many formats. • GIS is an ideal platform to integrate the all above data sources together and deliver meaningful outcomes. HOW GIS USED ?
- 18. 1. B.K.Bhadra et.al, (2012) Explained how SWIR bands are used in identification of alteration zones which have developed during hydrothermal activity. 2. Bob Agar (2005) Discussed on processing of ASTER level 1B images for radiance at the sensor & locating different minerals by developing algorithms and compared with reference spectra are taken from the USGS spectral library. LITERATURE REVIEW : CASE STUDY
- 19. 1. Most of the data related to the operations of mineral exploration have a spatial nature. So, GIS has the capability for storage, updating, revising, displaying, retrieving, processing, manipulating and integrating of different geo-spatial data. 2. Recently, GIS technology able to help geoscientists and geologists in mapping and modeling the subsurface by a modern tools and softwares packages and can be integrated with other specialized 3D programs to get a precious results. All this just act as additional properties to its traditional functionality. 3. Now it is important to finish polishing the tool so it can be used to advance the mineral exploration process while saving time and money and increasing profitability and efficacy. CONCLUSION
- 20. “MINING IS LIKE A SEARCH AND DESTROY MISSION” -Anonymous THANK YOU… EDITED BY – @ME_HRISHI_7