MODULE 2 Science, technology and society.pptx
- 1. SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY CHAPTER 2: HISTORY OF SCIENCE PREPARED BY: MARY CRISH J. RAÑISES MODULE NO. 2 SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY AND SOCIETY
- 2. Brief History Of Science
- 3. ANTIQUITY TO 20TH CE for most of human history, questions about the world were answered by religious authorities. Mathematics was born in Egypt. The Babylonians were the first to apply it Astronomy. The pre- Socratic philosophers in Ancient Greece were the first to develop a systematic Science.
- 4. THALE OF MELITUS (624-546 BC) • In the 7th Century he was dubbed “The Father of Science” • He was the first to posit non supernatural explanation for earthquakes, lightnings, etc. • He predicted solar eclipse, droughts and made a fortune doing so.
- 5. ANAXIMANDER (610-546 BC) • He believed that life came from water and mud. • He proposed that humans evolved from lower life forms. (This speculation was later vindicated by Charles Darwin, 2400 years later.)
- 6. EMPEDOCLES (490- 430 BC) • He discovered air using a straw and a glass of water. “Empedocles discovered the invisible.” – Carl Sagan
- 7. DEMOCRITUS (460-370 BC) • First to theorize that matter is made up of “atoms”. (literally means ‘uncuttable’ in Greek)
- 8. PYTHAGORAS (570- 495 BC) • Started a school dedicated to Mathematics and its application to nature.
- 9. HERACLITUS & PARMENIDES “Nature loves to hide.” Started major debates on: • What justifies reason, knowledge or experience? Is nature fundamentally permanent or damaging?
- 11. CHEMISTRY • Consist of 5 basic elements. • AIR • EARTH • FIRE • WATER • AETHER
- 12. HIPPOCRATES & GALEN • Developed the first scientific approach to anatomy and medicine. • They said experiments and records to heal the sick.
- 14. MIDDLE AGES (5TH – 14TH CE) Science continued through the Roman Empire. When the Empire fell and the Dark Ages ensued, Science in the West ceased to progress. While there was some European scientist in the middle ages, they were generally isolated and marginalized.
- 16. Most scientific advancement form 500- 1300 CE were made in the Islamic world. Medicine, Astronomy, Chemistry developed considerably in these regions. Avicenna (circa 1000 CE) pioneered the techniques that lead to the modern hospital. In the 12th Century Europe, Scholasticism tried to reconcile ancient Greek through with biblical dogma (start of the end of The Dark Ages.)
- 17. THE RENAISSANCE (AD 1400- 1700) 1. St. Thomas Aquinas endorsed “Natural Theology” – knowing God by studying his creation. 2. This led to a social revolution- people started to think! 3. Free discussion was demanded, weakening the Church’s sovereignty. 4. Thinkers turning away from the Church and going back to antiquity for inspiration. 5. Thus, there was a renaissance – a rebirth (in Greek humanism) 6. The universe is once again a rational, comprehensible place.
- 18. FRANCIS BACON • Empirical observation and experimentation • He provide a “map”- the first Scientific Method. • “Being a genius is like being able to run fast. You travel far, but unless you have a map, you’ll be lost.” • Rational analysis, mathematical modeling and deductive reasoning.
- 19. THANK YOU AND GOD BLESS