Module 3 oboganization behaviour of Bangalore university
- 2. LEADERSHIP(DEFINITIONS) According to Hollander, “Leadership is a process of influence between a leader and those who are followers.” According to G R Terry “leadership is the ability of influencing people to strive willingly for mutual objectives.” According to Chester Barnard, “leadership is the ability of a superior to influence the behavior of his subordinates and persuade them to follow a particular course of action.”
- 3. MEANING Leadership is the process of motivation other people to act in particular ways in order to achieve specific goals. Leadership is a willingness to accept responsibility, an ability to develop three major skills (elicit the cooperation of others, listen well, place the needs of others above your own needs) that can be acquires through practice.
- 4. CONTD…. Leadership is a set of skills and traits that can be learned and worked on, yet the general perception is that good leaders are scare because: leader come in guises(typically concealing the true nature of something.) leaders may rise only in response to a situation. leaders may be unwanted until needed. leaders may be mistaken for managers.
- 5. NATURE OF LEADERSHIP Procedure of influence Ongoing activity Comprehensive blend of art and science Linked with circumstances Tool for motivation Sensible and passionate Collective objectives Mutual relationship
- 6. LEADERSHIP STYLES Autocratic leadership style: He is also called as dictator/ one man show. Here the leader does not get involved with the members of the team. He decides the policies and procedures without discussing with his subordinates. He does not provide information about future strategies but simply gives instruction regarding the steps that are to be followed. All the decisions are taken by the leaders only.
- 7. ADVANTAGES OF AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE Quick decision-making Enhances productivity Reduces stress Helps in training new employee Improves logistics of operations
- 8. DISADVANTAGES OF AUTOCRATIC LEADERSHIP STYLE Discourages followers development Increases leader’s workload Induces fear and anger Increases dependency on leader Results in frustration Exploits people
- 9. PARTICIPATIVE LEADERSHIP STYLE Under this style of leadership, the authority rested with the leader is decentralized. Leader takes every decision in coordination with the team members. This style of leadership is people-oriented and direct supervision of staff is not required. Here employees are kept well informed about the policies and procedures. Instead of acting as a leader, he considers himself as a member of the group. This leadership is also called democratic leadership.
- 10. ADVANTAGES Enhanced acceptability of leader Efficient utilization of team members knowledge Fosters commitment among team members Organizational politics is decreased Increases professionalism Decreases turnover rate Improved work efficiency
- 11. DISADVANTAGES Leads to false impression about the leader Excessive time consumption Absence of accountability May lead to pseudo participation
- 12. FREE REIN LEADERSHIP STYLE Free rein or laissez faire leadership style refers to a condition where leader does not lead but leaves the major decisions on the group itself. All the goals are decided by the group. The group members have to solve problems and motivate themselves. This style is the inverse of autocratic leadership style. This style is adopted only when the employees are capable and competent enough to handle the situations and take corrective and positive decision in favor of the company.
- 13. ADVANTAGES No restriction of order Reduces leaders workload Provides motivation to teams
- 14. DISADVANTAGES Increases burden on employees Ownership issues Direction of organization is lost Conflict among followers increases
- 15. LEADERSHIP SKILLS Inspiring Problem-solving ability Emotional stability Understanding human behavior Risk-taking ability Commitment towards organizational objectives
- 16. CONTD…. Intelligence Good personality Prudence and vision Responsibility Trustworthy Enthusiastic Confident
- 17. FUNCTIONS OF LEADER Develops team spirit Serves as linking pin Provides guidance Manages time Exercises power Improves efficiency Motivates workers
- 18. IMPORTANCE OF LEADERSHIP Boosting employees confidence Establishment and integration of goals Inculcating values within the organization Increasing the efficiency of employees
- 19. Helping the highest authority Building cordial organizational relations Providing favorable working atmosphere Creating a change for betterment Fulfills corporate social responsibility
- 20. LEADERSHIP AND CHANGE THERE ARE FOLLOWING METHODS WHICH CAN BE UTILISED TO LEAD THE CHANGE PROCESS: Matching individual concerns with organizational goals Learn to sustain uncertainty understand the leadership style first Influence what one can change-oneself Influence what one cannot change-others
- 21. Adopt and support change Form a group of peers Help others to cope with change Promote interaction among peers
- 24. LEADERSHIP THEORIES Trait Theories Behavioral theories Situational/contin gency theory Contemporary theories Stogdill’s trait factor Managerial grid Fiedler’s model/leadership effectiveness model Transformational leadership Ghiselli’s personal traits likert’s four systems situational leadership model transactional leadership Ohio state university studies Path-goal theory Charismatic leadership Michigan studies Leadership participation model visionary leadership Tannenbaum and schmidt’s situational continuum
- 25. TRAIT THEORIES 1. STOGDILL’S THEORY Intelligence Physical features Inner motivation drive Maturity Vision and foresight
- 26. Acceptance of responsibility Open-mindedness and adaptibility self-confidence human relations attitude fairness of objectives
- 27. 2. GHISELLI’S PERSONAL TRAITS Supervisory ability Need for occupational achivements Intelligence Decisivenesss Self-assurance Initiative
- 29. MOTIVATION According to Dalton E McFarland, “Motivation refers to the way in which urges, drives, desires, aspirations, strivings or needs direct, control or explain the behavior of human beings.” According to stephen Robbins, “Motivation is the willingness to exert high level of effort toward organisational goals, conditioned by the effort and ability to satisfy some individual need.”
- 31. PROCESS OF MOTIVATION Motive Behavior Goal Tension reduction
- 32. TYPES OF MOTIVATION Positive and negative motivation Rational and emotional motivation Primary and secondary motivation Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation Financial and non-financial motivation
- 33. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION Maslow’s need hierarchy theory McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y Herzberg’s Two Factor Theory Vroom’s Expectancy Theory