montmorillonite, structure, silicate clay
- 1. SOIL – 503 : SOIL CHEMISTRY STRUCTURE OF MONTMORILLONITE SUBMITTED TO : Dr.K.C.PATEL Associate Professor Department of Agricultural chemistry and soil science,AAU SUBMITTED BY : Helly Patel Reg No : 2010124038 B.A.COLLEGE OF AGRICULTURE,ANAND
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Montmorillonite is a very soft phyllosilicate group of minerals that form when they precipitate from water solution as microscopic crystals, known as clay • It is named after Montmorillon in France • Montmorillonite, a member of the smectite group, is a 2:1 clay, meaning that it has two tetrahedral sheets of silica sandwiching a central octahedral sheet of alumina • Montmorillonite is one of the most common and widespread clay minerals, found in a variety of geological settings, including soils, sediments, and rocks
- 3. • Montmorillonite was first discovered in 1847 in Montmorillon, a small town in the Vienne department of France • The name "montmorillonite" was coined in 1849 by the French mineralogist Damour DISCOVERY
- 4. Montmorillonite is composed of silicon, aluminum, oxygen, and hydrogen atoms, with a general chemical formula of (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg,)2(Si4O10)(OH)2·nH2O. Its structure consists of two tetrahedral sheets of silicon and oxygen atoms, with a central octahedral sheet of aluminum, magnesium, and iron atoms. COMPOSITION AND STRUCTURE
- 5. STRUCTURE
- 6. Tetrahedral Sheet (T) : 1.Silicon atoms: The tetrahedral sheet is composed of silicon atoms, each bonded to four oxygen atoms. 2.Oxygen atoms: The oxygen atoms are arranged in a tetrahedral configuration, with each oxygen atom bonded to one silicon atom. 3.Tetrahedral sheet structure: The tetrahedral sheet has a hexagonal structure, with each silicon atom bonded to three oxygen atoms in the same plane. CONT...
- 7. Octahedral Sheet (O): 1.Aluminum atoms: The octahedral sheet is composed of aluminum atoms, each bonded to six oxygen atoms. 2.Oxygen atoms: The oxygen atoms are arranged in an octahedral configuration, with each oxygen atom bonded to one aluminum atom. 3.Octahedral sheet structure: The octahedral sheet has a cubic structure, with each aluminum atom bonded to six oxygen atoms. CONT...
- 8. Interlayer Space: 1.Exchangeable cations: The interlayer space contains exchangeable cations, such as sodium, calcium, and potassium. 2.Water molecules: The interlayer space also contains water molecules, which can move freely between the tetrahedral and octahedral sheets. 3.Interlayer space structure: The interlayer space has a variable structure, depending on the type and amount of exchangeable cations and water molecules present. CONT...
- 9. • High cation exchange capacity (CEC) • High surface area • Swelling properties • Thixotropy • Drilling fluids • Catalysts • Adsorbents • Cosmetics • Pharmaceuticals • Environmental remediation Properties : Uses :