MORPHOSYNTAX: GENERATIVE MORPHOLOGY
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The document explores the concepts of competence and performance in language, defining deep and surface structures along with generative morphology models by Halle and Aronoff. It critiques Halle's model, addressing issues with its components such as morpheme lists, unrestricted word formation rules, and the role of the dictionary, while proposing an alternative word-based morphology framework. Additionally, it discusses the mechanisms of word formation, readjustment, truncation, and allomorphy rules in language.
![Word Formation Rules
(WFR)
Apply to Stems
and Form the
Linear Sequences
( STEM + one or
more morpheme)
Examples :
[STEM + some] Adj
hand + some
[STEM+ther] N
Fa+ther
[be+STEM]
Be+lieve
Word Formation
Rules Which
Apply to Words
Examples :
[VERB + er] N
Teach + er
[NOUN+ish] adj
Child + ish
[ADJECTIVE+en]v
Dark + en](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/morphosyntax-161117165158/85/MORPHOSYNTAX-GENERATIVE-MORPHOLOGY-7-320.jpg)
![WFR Specify Sequences in which morphemes
must be arranged to form words of a language
{ Allow Grammatical Sequences Un+drink+able}
{Exclude the Ungrammatical sequence
drink+un+able}
WFR Specify
a. The Syntactic category of the base { Noun , Verb}
b. The Syntactic Category of the output { Noun, Verb}
c. The internal boundary in the output “+”
d. Reguler semantic information
Examples [un + VERB + able]adj
Un+drink+able
WFR Specify the semantic and syntactic features of
the derived words that are not in accord with the
features of the base.WFR operate in the same ways as
derivational morphology and inflectional
morphology.
WFR are more powerful than
phonological rules.](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/morphosyntax-161117165158/85/MORPHOSYNTAX-GENERATIVE-MORPHOLOGY-8-320.jpg)
MORPHOSYNTAX: GENERATIVE MORPHOLOGY
- 1. GROUP 3 RIFYAL MUKARRAM CHAERUL FARDA ISMAIL MARSUKI JUVRIANTO CJ
- 2. Competence Creativity of Language. Structural Description. Reflection
- 3. Competence and Performance Competence is the idealized conception of language, considered as opposite of performance that is special utterances of spoken language Deep Structure and Surface Structure Deep structure is an abstract syntactical representation of a sentence. On the other hand, the surface structure of a sentence is the final stage in the syntactical representation of a sentence
- 4. Flying planes can be dangerous The panda chase the man The man was chased by the panda.
- 6. Halle’s Model Word Formation Rules (WFR) List of Morphemes DictionaryFilter
- 7. Word Formation Rules (WFR) Apply to Stems and Form the Linear Sequences ( STEM + one or more morpheme) Examples : [STEM + some] Adj hand + some [STEM+ther] N Fa+ther [be+STEM] Be+lieve Word Formation Rules Which Apply to Words Examples : [VERB + er] N Teach + er [NOUN+ish] adj Child + ish [ADJECTIVE+en]v Dark + en
- 8. WFR Specify Sequences in which morphemes must be arranged to form words of a language { Allow Grammatical Sequences Un+drink+able} {Exclude the Ungrammatical sequence drink+un+able} WFR Specify a. The Syntactic category of the base { Noun , Verb} b. The Syntactic Category of the output { Noun, Verb} c. The internal boundary in the output “+” d. Reguler semantic information Examples [un + VERB + able]adj Un+drink+able WFR Specify the semantic and syntactic features of the derived words that are not in accord with the features of the base.WFR operate in the same ways as derivational morphology and inflectional morphology. WFR are more powerful than phonological rules.
- 10. Scalise (1984:34) states that the researches carried out later shows a number of problems concerning generative morphology of Halle’s model. The problems are related to every subcomponent of this model, namely the List of Morphemes, Word Formation Rules, Filter, and Dictionary.
- 11. Morris Halle Mark Aronoff
- 12. The List of Morphemes In relation to this subcomponent, there are two kinds of problem namely, the general problem and specific problem. The general problem that the basic units of the system are morphemes, a choice oriented to “English”, because in English, words and morphemes are nearly always the same.
- 13. Word Formation Rules A general observation that can be made in respect to the Word Formation Rules of Halle’s model is they are unrestricted. As stated before, the Word Formation Rules of Halle’s model have access to the information contained in the final steps in a derivation. As a matter of fact, the dictionary functions as a kind of global condition to the input and output of the Word Formation Rules. (i) constitutionlism (ii) *dogmatismal capitalism *fatalismal
- 14. The main objection to the filter is that it is not a restricted mechanism. A set of words that are possible but non-existent are not restricted in the sense that there are no principles that restrict the complexity level of derived words and compound words. As an example, a very complex compound word in English is given below : Junior high school teachers association curriculum planning committee.
- 15. The dictionary and the List of Morphemes introduce redundancy into the system. Word-based morphology does not require two different levels of representation.
- 16. 1. Dictionary 2. Word Formation Rules 3. Readjustment Rules
- 17. Each of these components elaborated into hypothesis: 1). Word-Based Hypothesis All word formation processes are based on words. A new word is formed by applying a regular rule to an existing word. Both the new word and the existing word are the members of the major lexical categories (Aronoff 1976:22)
- 18. A. The bases of the Words Formation Rules are words; B. These words are the existing words. Thus, possible but non-existent words cannot be the bases of the Word Formation Rules; C. The Word Formation Rules can take single words as bases, not more (e.g. Phrases) and not less (e.g. Bound forms); D. The input and output of the Word Formation Rules must be the members of the members of the major lexical categories
- 19. A specific mechanism that creates new words in a language that lies wholly in the lexicon A. read v read v + able A +tran +tran = readable “ capable of being read”
- 20. B. Boy N boy N +hood N -abstr -abstr +abstr = boyhood “ the quality of being a boy”
- 21. Truncation rules Truncation rules are the rule that delete morphemes or formatives to the roots or bases when the suffixes are added Allomorphy rules Allomorphy rules are the rule that add morphemes or formatives to the roots or bases when the suffixes are added