LINEAR ORDER in English Syntax
Download as PPTX, PDF0 likes326 views
This document discusses linear order and the four factors that determine the phonetic segments and word order in sentences: phonology, morphology, lexicon, and syntax. Phonology deals with syllable stress and sound combinations. Morphology examines affix ordering like "cats" with /t/ preceding /s/ due to the plural suffix. Lexicon explores word roots. Syntax analyzes word ordering rules across languages like English following Adjective-Noun order versus Makassar using Question word-Subject order. Relation, terms, context, and modality further govern temporal arrangements of linguistic elements.
![Relation
• A. simultaneous [---A---]
[---B---]
• B. immediately precedes [---A---] [---B---]
• C. included [---A---]
[------B---]
• D. overlap [--A--]
[---B---]
• E. interlocked [--A1--] [--A2]
[--B1--] [--B2]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linear-220119020128/85/LINEAR-ORDER-in-English-Syntax-10-320.jpg)
![RELATION
• The two temporal that are available for words are :
1. Immediate Precedence[---a---] [--b--]
2. Interlocking [--a1--] [--a2--]
[--b1--] [--b2--]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/linear-220119020128/85/LINEAR-ORDER-in-English-Syntax-11-320.jpg)
LINEAR ORDER in English Syntax
- 1. LINEAR ORDER
- 2. Preliminaries Choose the correct answer! a. I read a book b. Read a book I c. A book I read d. A book read I How do you know the order to pronounce that phonetic segments that make the sentence up?
- 3. Four Types Determine the Phonetic Segments PHONOLOGICAL MORPHOLOGICAL LEXICAL SYNTACTIC
- 4. Phonology Nginung gninung Nganre gnanre Khawatir hkawair Khasiat haksiat Syllable Ysallable Syntax Ysntax Why n,k, s precede g, h, y. It’s difficlt n weird to pronounce if g, h, y preceed n,k,s
- 6. morphological CATS WHY DOES /t/ precede /s/ ? - It is not for the reason of pronunciation. as we know in English cats as pronounceable as cast - It is not for the reason of lexical. Cats is not a single not a single lexical item. Thus, it’s a morphological rules that effect the order of /t/ before /s/ - /t/ precede /s/ is because the /s/ is the plural maker. cat s stem (bound morpheme)plural maker Suffix (plural maker)
- 7. Syntax • Furry cat → /ik/ • Black eagle → /ki/ • Furry dog → /id/ • Kemana ki? → /ak/ • The reason is syntactic word order rules. In English: Adj + Noun In Melayu Makassar : Question word + Subject?
- 8. Temporal Relation • Relation • Terms • Context • Modalities
- 9. Syntactic order rules: the ordering of words English: I read a book (s-p-o) Indonesian: Saya membaca sebuah buku (s-p-o) Makassar: Ammacaya’ bo’bok (p-s-o) Bugis: Mambbaca ka bo’bok (p-s-o) German: Ich lese ein buch (s-p-o) French: Je lire un livre (s-p-o) Esperanto: Unu libron mi legas (o-s-p) Japanese: Watashiwa hon o yomimasu (s-o-p)
- 10. Relation • A. simultaneous [---A---] [---B---] • B. immediately precedes [---A---] [---B---] • C. included [---A---] [------B---] • D. overlap [--A--] [---B---] • E. interlocked [--A1--] [--A2] [--B1--] [--B2]
- 11. RELATION • The two temporal that are available for words are : 1. Immediate Precedence[---a---] [--b--] 2. Interlocking [--a1--] [--a2--] [--b1--] [--b2--]
- 12. Terms • Tokens ordered as tokens • Tokens ordered by their types • Parts ordered by their wholes • Wholes ordered by their parts • Numerical order • Free order
- 13. Context • Situation • Context-dependent Example: - The plane should arrive at 6 pm. Declarative sentence - When should the plane arrive? Interrogative sentence (AUX,SBJ) AUX & SBJ /#WH Question
- 14. Modality • Modality (just as context) is not specific to temporal relation rules. There are three modality options: 1. Two terms must occur in a particular relation. (requirement) 2. Two terms may occur in a particular relation. (permission) 3. Two terms must not occur in a particular relation. (prohibition)
- 15. Conclusion the different word order in different language arise due to the 4 factors: 1. Relation 2. Terms 3. Context 4. Modality