Mpi unit i_8086_architectures
Download as PPT, PDF2 likes1,809 views
The 8086 is a 16-bit microprocessor introduced by Intel in 1978. It has a 16-bit external data bus and 20-bit address bus, can access up to 1 MB of memory, and has 14 general purpose 16-bit registers. The 8086 architecture consists of a Bus Interface Unit which handles memory access and I/O, and an Execution Unit which decodes and executes instructions. It supports two operating modes - minimum and maximum - which determine clock speed and timing.
Mpi unit i_8086_architectures
- 1. 8086 Architecture Presented By: Shehrevar Davierwala visit: http://sites.google.com/site/techwizrdin http://www.authorstream.com/shehrevard
- 2. Microcomputer • PC or a computer that depends on microprocessor • Used by individuals as PC’s or workstations or notebook computers • Microcomputer contains a CPU on a microchip, memory, i/o ports ,bus system housed on mother board • It is a digital electronic component with miniaturized transistors on a single semiconductor IC • MICROPROCESSOR is a multipurpose, programmable device that accepts digital data as input, processes it according to instructions stored in its memory, and provides results as output. • It controls the logic of almost all digital devices from clocks to fuel injection system for automobiles
- 4. Father of microprocessor • Ted Hoff • Marcian Hoff • Stanley Mazor • Masatoshi Shima
- 5. • Transistor--A transistor is a semiconductor device used to amplify and switch electronic signals and electrical power. It is composed of semiconductor material with at least three terminals for connection to an external circuit. • Flip flops-a flip-flop is a circuit that has two stable states and can be used to store state information. • Latches-a circuit used to store information • Register-- In computer architecture, a processor register is a small amount of storage available as part of a CPU or other digital processor. load data from a larger memory into registers where it is used for arithmetic, manipulated, or tested, by some machine instruction • Flag-- flag register is a collection of flag bits for a processor. These are part of larger registers
- 6. 8086 specifications • It is 16-bit microprocessor • It has 20 bit address bus and can access up to 220 memory locations (1 MB). • It can support up to 64K I/O ports • It provides 14, 16-bit registers • It has multiplexed address and data bus AD0-AD15 & A16-A19 • It requires single phase clock with 33% duty cycle to provide internal timing. • Prefetches up to 6 instruction bytes from memory and queues them in order to speed up the processing. • It requires +5V supply • 40 pin dual inline package • 8086 supports 2 modes of operation – Minimum mode – Maximum mode
- 7. • The 8086 architecture has two parts: –Bus Interface Unit(BIU) –Execution Unit(EU)
- 9. • Bus Interface Unit contains – Instruction queue, – Segment registers, – Instruction pointer, and – Address adder. • Execution Unit contains – Control circuitry, – Instruction decoder, – ALU, – Pointer and Index register, – Flag register
- 10. Bus interface unit functions • Responsible for performing external bus operations • The functions of BIU are: – Instruction Fetch – Instruction Queuing – Operand Fetch & storage – Address Relocation – Bus control • Idle state • Address adder – fetching of physical address of next instruction( CS+IP)
- 11. Execution Unit Functions • Decoding of Instructions • Execution of instructions Steps EU extracts instructions from top of queue in BIU Decode the instructions Generates operands if necessary Passes operands to BIU & requests it to perform read or write bus cycles to memory or I/o Perform the operation specified by the instruction on operands Branch or jump instruction
- 12. Register Organization • The types of registers are: 1. General Data Registers(AX, BX, CX, DX) 2. Segment Registers(CS, DS, ES, SS) 3. Pointers and Index Registers(IP, BP, SP) 4. Flag Registers(S,Z,P,C,T,I,D,AC,O)
- 13. General Data Registers • AX—16 bit accumulator(AH+AL) • BX-offset storage(BH+BL) • CX-default counter in case of string and loop instructions(CH+CL) • DX-General purpose register (DH+DL)
- 14. SEGMENT REGISTERS • Code Segment Register(CS) • Data Segment Register(DS) • Extra Segment Register(ES) • Stack Segment Register(SS)
- 15. POINTER and INDEX Registers • IP—instruction pointer-store memory location of next instruction to be executed • BP—base pointer • SP—stack pointer • SI—Source index • DI—Destination index
- 16. Flag Registers(S,Z,P,C,T,I,D,AC,O) • Indicate results of computations in ALU • Also contains some flag bits to control CPU operations
- 17. Flag register
- 18. Pin diagram
- 19. Segments with and without overlapping
- 20. Signal group
- 22. Min read timing
- 23. Write cycle for min mode
- 25. Max mode in 8086