Multiple cropping systems
- 2. Submitted to: Dr. shankar narayan sir Dept. of Agronomy College of sericulture, Chintamani. Submitted by: jyothi P ALC3021, III BSc(agri) College of sericulture, Chintamani.
- 4. Multiple cropping In agriculture, multiple cropping is the practice of growing two or more crops in the same piece of land during a single growing season. It is a form of polyculture. It is the practice of intensification of cropping system in time & space dimension that is more no. of crops within a year & more no. crops in a same piece of land.
- 5. Types of multiple cropping system 1) Sequential cropping 2) Inter cropping 3) Multi storied cropping
- 6. Sequential Cropping • Growing two or more crops in sequence on the same field per year. The succeeding crop is planted after the preceding one has been harvested. • Crop intensification is only in the time dimension. • There is no intercrop competition. • Farmers manage only one crop at a time.
- 7. Types of Sequential Cropping 1) Double Cropping: growing of 2 crops in a year. Eg: cowpea- bajra green gram- jowar
- 8. 2) Triple Cropping: growing of 3 crops in a year. Eg: Rice- potato-groundnut Cowpea- mustard- jute 3) Quadruple cropping: growing of 4 crops in a year. eg: maize – toria – potato - wheat green gram - maize – toria – wheat
- 9. 4) Ratoon cropping/ stubble cultivation: cultivation stubble re-growth after the harvest of the crop. eg: sugar cane mulberry
- 10. Inter cropping • Growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field per year. • Crop intensification is in both time and space dimensions. • There is intercrop competition during all or part of crop growth. • Farmers manage more than one crop at a time in the same field.
- 11. Types of Inter cropping 1. Mixed intercropping: Growing two or more crops simultaneously with no distinct row arrangement. eg: wheat + mustard fodder maize + fodder cowpea
- 12. 2. Row intercropping: growing two or more crops simultaneously with one or more crops planted in rows. eg: cotton + chilly ground nut + maize
- 13. • Strip intercropping: Growing two or more crops simultaneously in different strips wide enough to permit independent cultivation but narrow enough for the crops to interact agronomically. eg:corn + alfalfa ragi+ groundnut
- 14. • Relay intercropping/over lapping cropping: Growing two or more crops simultaneously during part of each one’s life cycle. A second crop is planted after the first crop has reached its reproductive stage of growth, but before it is ready for harvest. eg: rice + pulses potato + wheat
- 15. • Alley Cropping: is planting rows of trees at wide spacing with a companion crop grown in the alleyways between the rows. Alley cropping can diversify farm income, improve crop production and provide protection and conservation benefits to crops. eg: silver oak+ ragi
- 16. • Ley farming is a system of rotating crops with legume or grass pastures to improve soil structure and fertility and to disrupt pest and disease lifecycles. It has been practiced in many parts of the world for centuries. eg: grass + stylosanthu
- 17. Multi story cropping • Growing plants of different height in the same field at the same time is termed as multistoried cropping. • It is the practice of different crops of varying heights, rooting pattern and duration to cultivate together. • It is mostly practiced in orchards and plantation crops.
- 18. Advantages multiple cropping • With multiple cropping the risk of total loss from drought, pests and diseases is reduced. Some of the crops can survive and produce a yield. • It gives maximum production from small plots. This can help farmers cope with land shortages. • Including legumes in the cropping pattern helps maintain soil fertility by fixing nitrogen in the soil.
- 19. • Different types of crops can be produced, thereby providing a balanced diet for the family. • Because of high planting density weeds are suppressed. • Efficient uses of resources available.
- 20. Disadvantages multiple cropping • Because of year-long crop some pests can shift from one crop to another. • The large number of different crops in the field makes it difficult to weed. • New technologies such as row planting, modern weeding tools and improved varieties may be difficult to introduce.