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Top 50 MVC Interview Questions and
Answers
ASP.NET MVC Interview Questions: An Overview
ASP.NET MVC is the most demanding framework for building web & mobile applications. .NET
MVC Framework offers a bunch of class libraries to help you develop high-performance, highly
scalable & testable apps. To become a .Net MVC expert developer, you need to join MVC
training for learning C#, which is a commonly used programming language, OOPS, SQL Server,
and a bunch of front-end technologies i.e HTML, JavaScript, JQuery. Along with learning, refer
to the MVC interview question answer pdf to crack your job interview & become industry-
competent.
MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. It is a software design pattern that was introduced in
the 1970s. Also, the MVC pattern forces a separation of concerns, which means the domain
model and controller logic are decoupled from the user interface (view). As a result,
maintenance and testing of the application become simpler and easier.
More: ASP.NET MVC Interview Questions and Answers PDF
ASP.NET MVC is an open-source framework built on top of the Microsoft .NET Framework to
develop a web application that enables a clean separation of code. ASP.NET MVC framework is
the most customizable and extensible platform shipped by Microsoft.
MVC architectural pattern is related to ASP.NET in an almost similar way as it is related to an
application. ASP.NET is integrated into the HTML template that is used to create or develop
most of the web pages we see on the Internet. In other words, we can say that the view layer of
the MVC. ASP.NET is executed on the remote server which is why it's called a server-side
framework which is the controller layer of the MVC framework.
MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. It is a software design pattern that was introduced in
the 1970s. Also, the MVC pattern forces a separation of concerns, which means the domain
model and controller logic are decoupled from the user interface (view). As a result,
maintenance and testing of the application become simpler and easier.
MVC framework generally works by separating the business logic and presentation layer from
each other and by doing it, the accessibilities may enhance. It was traditionally used for
desktop graphical user interfaces previously, but nowadays, the MVC architectural pattern in
web technology has become popular and evolved for the designing & architecting of web
applications as well as mobile apps while having a robust application structure.
There are the following advantages of ASP.NET MVC over Web Forms (ASP.NET):
Separation of concern: The MVC design pattern divides the ASP.NET MVC application into
three main aspects: Model, View, and Controller, which make it easier to manage the
application complexity.
TDD: The MVC framework brings better support to test-driven development. Using the TDD,
write clean and robust code that is structured and well commented, as well as testing your
code. This is where the ASP.Net MVC puts a special emphasis on testing the all
Q1. What is MVC?
Q2. What is ASP.NET MVC?
Q3. What are the advantages of ASP.NET MVC?
The convention-based routing is complex to support certain URI patterns that are common in
RESTful APIs. But by using attribute routing you can define these URI patterns very easily.
For example,resources often contain child resources like Clients have ordered, movies have
actors, books have authors, and so on. It’s natural to create URIs that reflect these relations like
as /clients/1/orders
Routing is a pattern-matching system that monitors the incoming request and figures out what
to do with that request. At runtime, the Routing engine uses the Route table for matching the
incoming request's URL pattern against the URL patterns defined in the Route table. You can
register one or more URL patterns to the Route table at the Application_Start event. When the
routing engine finds a match in the routing table for the incoming request's URL, it forwards the
request to the appropriate controller and action. If there is no match in the routing table for the
incoming request's URL, it returns a 404 HTTP status code.
development activities while doing it. TDD approaches the further capabilities of testing the
individual component during the software development process and ensures the highest
quality development activity for the project.
Extensible and pluggable: MVC framework components were designed to be pluggable
and extensible and, therefore, can be replaced or customized more easily than Web Forms.
Full control over application behavior: MVC framework doesn’t use View State or server-
based forms like Web Forms. This gives the application developer more control over the
behaviors of the application and also reduces the bandwidth of requests to the server.
ASP.NET features are supported. MVC framework is built on top of ASP.NET and, therefore,
can use most of the features that ASP.NET includes, such as the provider's architecture,
authentication, authorization scenarios, membership and roles, caching session, and more.
URL routing mechanism: The MVC framework supports a powerful URL routing
mechanism that helps to build a more comprehensible and searchable URL in your
application. This mechanism helps the application to be more addressable in the eyes of
search engines and clients and can help in search engine optimization.
Q5. When to use Attribute Routing?
Q4.What is Routing in ASP.NET MVC?
URL rewriting is focused on mapping one URL (new URL) to another URL (old URL) while
Many developers compare routing to URL rewriting since both look similar and can be used to
make SEO friendly URLs. But both the approaches are very much different. The main difference
between routing and URL rewriting is given below :
Enabling attribute routing in your ASP.NET MVC5 application is simple, just add a call to
routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes() method within RegisterRoutes() method of RouteConfig.cs
file.
This type of URI is difficult to create using convention-based routing. Although it can be done,
the results don’t scale well if you have many controllers or resource types. With attribute
routing, it’s pretty much easy to define a route for this URI. You simply add an attribute to the
controller action as:
Q6. How to enable Attribute Routing in ASP.NET
MVC?
Q7. What is the difference between Routing and URL
Rewriting?
[Route("clients/{clientId}/orders")]
public IEnumerable<Order> GetOrdersByClient(int clientId)
{
//TO DO
}
routing is focused on mapping a URL to a resource.
URL rewriting rewrites your old URL to a new one while routing never rewrite your old URL to
the new one but it maps to the original route.
An HTML Helper is just a method that returns an HTML string. The string can represent any
type of content that you want. For example, you can use HTML Helpers to render standard
HTML tags like HTML <input>, <button> and <img> tags etc. You can also create your own
HTML Helpers to render more complex content such as a menu strip or an HTML table for
displaying database data.
The HtmlHelper is a class that is used to render the HTML controls into the razor view pages.
Helper binds the model object to the HTML controls of the templates to display the value of the
respective model properties into those controls as well as it also assigns the value of the
Razor Engine is an advanced view engine that was introduced with MVC3. This is not a new
language but it is a new markup syntax. Razor has a new and advanced syntax that is
compact, expressive, and reduces typing. Razor syntax is easy to learn and much cleaner
than Web Form syntax. Razor uses @ symbol to write markup as:
A View Engine is an MVC subsystem that has its own markup syntax. It is responsible for
converting the server-side template into HTML markup and rendering it to the browser.
Initially, ASP.NET MVC ships with one view engine, web forms (ASPX), and from ASP.NET
MVC3 a new view engine, Razor is introduced. With ASP.NET MVC, you can also use other
view engines like Spark, NHaml, etc.
The view engine helps to render the views into HTML form in the browser. By default, the
Asp.net MVC provides two different flavors of the view engines such as ASPX and the Razor
View Engine.
Q8. What is View Engine?
Q9. What is Razor View Engine?
Q10. What are HTML Helpers in ASP.NET MVC?
@Html.ActionLink("SignUp", "SignUp")
Now, the DoSomething action will be identified and called by the name DoAction.
You can also change the action method name by using the ActionName attribute. Now the
action method will be called by the name defined by the ActionName attribute.
Url helpers allow you to render HTML links and raw URLs. The output of these helpers is
dependent on the routing configuration of your ASP.NET MVC application.
controls to the model properties while the user submits the webform while interacting with the
form elements. Its always recommended to always use the Html Helpers classes in the razor
view instead of writing all the HTML tags manually.
When a set of views shares common settings, the _ViewStart.cshtml file is a great place to put
these common view settings. If any view needs to override any of the common settings then
that view can set new values in common settings.
Data validation is a key aspect of developing a web application. In Asp.net MVC, we can easily
apply validation to the web application by using Data Annotation attribute classes to the model
class. Data Annotation attribute classes are present in System.ComponentModel.
DataAnnotations namespace and are available to Asp.net projects like Asp.net web application
& website, Asp.net MVC, Web forms, and also to Entity framework ORM models. Data
Q11. What are Url Helpers?
Q12. When to use _ViewStart?
Q13. Can you change the action method name?
Q14. What are Data Annotations in ASP.NET MVC?
[ActionName("DoAction")]
public ActionResult DoSomething()
{
//TODO:
return View();
}
Annotations help us to define the rules to the model classes or properties for data validation
and displaying suitable messages to end-users.
When server-side model validation fails, errors are included in the ModelState. Hence, by using
ModelState.IsValid property you can verify model state. It returns true if there is no error in
ModelState else returns false.
Microsoft introduced the jquery.validate.unobtrusive.js plugin with ASP.NET MVC3 to apply
data model validations to the client side using a combination of jQuery Validation and HTML 5
data attributes.
System.Web.The optimization class offers the bundling and minification techniques that exist
within Microsoft.Web.Optimization dll. Using this dll you can also use this technique with
ASP.NET MVC3 and ASP.NET 4.0.
Q18. What is Scaffolding?
Q17. Can we use Bundling and Minification in
ASP.NET MVC3 or ASP.NET4.0?
Q16. What is the jQuery Validation Unobtrusive
plugin?
Q15. How to determine there is no error in Model
State?
[HttpPost]
public ActionResult DoSomething(UserViewModel model)
{
if (ModelState.IsValid)
{
//TODO:
}
return View();
}
Now, the DoSomething action will be identified and called by the name DoAction.
The life of TempData is very short and lies only until the target view is fully loaded. But you can
persist data in TempData by calling the Keep() method after request completion
You can also change the action method name by using the ActionName attribute. Now the
action method will be called by the name defined by the ActionName attribute.
In MVC, a total of 12 types of results are found. "ActionResult" class is the main class whereas
the 11 are their sub-types. These types are covered when you learn MVC step by step. Here is
the list of these sub-types:
ViewResult
EmptyResult
Par tialViewResult
RedirectResult
RedirectToRouteResult
Scaffolding is a technique used by many MVC frameworks like ASP.NET MVC, Ruby on Rails,
Cake PHP and Node.JS, etc., to generate code for basic CRUD (create, read, update, and delete)
operations against your database effectively. Further, you can edit or customize this auto-
generated code according to your need. Scaffolding consists of page templates, entity page
templates, field page templates, and filter templates. These templates are called Scaffold
templates and allow you to quickly build a functional data-driven Web site.
Q19. How to persist data in TempData?
Q21. Mention the types of results in MVC?
Q20. Can you change the action method name?
[ActionName("DoAction")]
public ActionResult DoSomething()
{
//TODO:
return View();
}
JavaScriptResult
JsonResult
FileContentResult
FileStreamResult
FilePathResult
ContentResult
Database First Approach works as a substitute to the Code First as well as Model First
approaches to the Entity Data Model. Moreover, the Entity Data Model makes model codes
including properties, classes, DbContext, etc. from the database within the project. The
particular class works as the link between the controller and the database. When you undergo
MVC Certification training, you may be made familiar with the Database first approach.
The following ways are useful to connect the database with the application.
Database First
The MVC model defines the web applications through 3 logic layers:
1. The business layer (Model logic)
2. The display layer (View logic)
3. The input control (Controller logic)
The Model logic is the portion of the application that only deals with the logic for the
application data. Commonly, the model objects to access data and even store data from a
database.
The View logic is the portion of the application that looks after the display of the data.
Frequently, the model data create views. Some other complex methods of creating views are
available.
The Controller logic is the portion of the application that deals with user interaction.
Q23. What does Database first approach in MVC
through Entity Framework?
Q22. What do the 3 logic layers define about the
MVC Pattern?
Code First
Model First
Both these action types are described in theMVC tutorial.
GET Action Type:
GET is employed to request data from a specific resource. Through all the GET requests, the
URL is passed. The process is mandatory and it can take up a few overloads.
POST Action Type: The POST Action type is useful to submit data that needs to be processed to
a specific resource. Through all the POST requests, the URL is passed that is essential and the
data.
It is easy to execute validation in MVC applications through the validators defined in
theSystem.ComponentModel.DataAnnotationsnamespace. Various types of validators are as
follows:
Required
Range
DataType
StringLength
The view contains the layout page. Before rendering any view, the view start page is rendered.
Moreover, a view may have markup tags such as HTML, body, title, head, and meta, etc.
Partial View does not contain the layout page. It does not validate for a viewstart.cshtml. It is
not allowed to place common code for a partial view inside the view start.cshtml.page. A
partial view is specially designed to render inside the view and therefore, it does not include any
markup. It is allowed to pass a regular view to the RenderPartial method.
Q25. How to execute validation in MVC?
Q24. Explain GET and POST Action types:
Q26. How do Views and Partial Views differ?
Q27. What basic folders use the MVC template
without Areas in the ASP.NET Core project?
The following folders make use of the MVC template without Areas:
Controllers- Default folder for application controllers
Views- It is a folder containing a folder for each controller as well as a particular folder
shared for views utilized by multiple views or controllers.
wwwroot- It is a publicly accessible folder of a site comprising of subfolders of static files
Formerly, HTTP was used as a protocol for all types of clients. Gradually, the client variety
began to increase and extend in various directions. The widespread use of Windows
applications, JavaScript, and mobile demanded the huge consumption of HTTP. Therefore,
the REST approach was introduced. This is the reason why WebAPI technology is
implemented to
the REST principles to render the data over HTTP.
Web API as the name suggests is an API over the web that can be used using the HTTP
protocol. The web API is a concept and it should not be considered technology. By using the
web API, we can build the Web APIs using different technologies such as Java, .NET, NodeJs,
Python, etc. For example, The student's record details can be used by the universities and
university details can be consumed via the Web API URLs in any of the web applications.
The ASP.NET Core is a cutting-edge platform and it supports various approaches. The user
needs to use certain types of distributed cache, for example, Redis. Moreover, Microsoft offers
various packages to assist you with this. When using
Redis, Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Redis offers the middleware and employs
IDistributedCache to present a standard approach to function with it.
Q28. Why is WebAPI technology introduced?
Q30. Discuss the vital namespaces used in ASP.NET
MVC?
Q29. What steps need to be followed when you have
an ASP.NET Core MVC application wherein you have
to use some cache solution as well as support
running across multiple servers?
ASP.NET MVC
The architecture is based on Model-View-
Controller pattern.
It gives more control to the developers over
generating HTML.
It focuses more on separation of concerns
among the layers.
Web Forms
It follows the event-driven programming
model.
It provides comparatively less control over
the HTML output.
It has tightly coupled code that can mix up
the concerns.
The Model-View-Controller architectural pattern consists of three components:
1. Model- It consists of the data and business logic of the application and also the data that is
stored and retrieved from the database.
For an MVC developer, it is better to know the significant namespaces used in the ASP.NET
MVC application. Here are they:
1. System.Web.Mvc:
It comprises interfaces and classes which support the MVC pattern for ASP.NET Web
applications. Moreover, it contains classes that depict controller factories, controllers,
views, partial views, auction results, and model binders.
2. System.Web.Mvc.Ajax:
It includes classes that support Ajax scripting within an ASP.NET MVC application.
3. System.Web.Mvc.Html:
It includes classes that facilitate the rendering of HTML controls in an MVC application. It
contains those classes that support input controls, forms, partial views, links, and
validation.
Q31. How does ASP.NET MVC differ from Web
Forms?
Q32. Explain the Model-View-Controller (MVC)
architectural pattern in ASP.NET MVC?
There are several types of ActionResult in ASP.NET MVC such as:
1. ViewResult
2. PartialViewResult
3. RedirectResult
4. RedirectToRouteResult
5. JsonResult
. ContentResult
7. FileResult
There are basically three components of an ASP.NET MVC application that are:
Models- The data and business logic of the application are present here.
Views- The User Interface of the application comes under views.
Controllers- User requests are handled with the help of Controllers.
Whenever an action method is being executed, a certain set of attributes are applied to the
controller actions so that they can add on some processing logic to the execution, whether it
be
In ASP.NET MVC, the TempData is used to temporarily store data when an HTTP request is
under process and pass the data from one controller to another controller during that process.
2. View- It consists of the application's User Interface where all the data is displayed and the
user input is handled.
3. Controller- It works like a bridge between the model and the view where it takes the user
input and returns the processed data back to the user as view.
Q33. Describe the components of an ASP.NET MVC
application?
Q34. What are the different types of ActionResult in
ASP.NET MVC?
Q35. What is the role of TempData in ASP.NET MVC?
Q36. Explain the concept of Action Filters in ASP.NET
MVC?
before or after the process. These attributes are known as Action Filters in ASP.NET MVC.
The different types of routing constraints that are available in ASP.NET MVC are as follows:
1. Regular Expression Constraint
2. Range Constraint
3. Length Constraint
4. Min/Max Constraint
5. Compound Constraint
. Custom Constraint
TempData and ViewData are both dictionary objects and both of them need typecasting
while ViewBag is a dynamic property that does not need any typecasting to pass data.
TempData temporarily stores data for the next HTTP request while ViewBag and ViewData
passes the data within the same request only.
Dependency Injection can be defined as those loose coupling design pattern which gives the
freedom to not create dependencies of a class within the class but instead they are injected
from the outside. Dependency Injection are very commonly used in ASP.NET MVC application
DI has built in
support in ASP.NET Core for injecting dependencies like services into the views, controllers and
many components.
In ASP.NET MVC, partial views are basically small sections of the complete parent view which
help the developers to manage the complex UI by breaking them down into small parts like
mini views. Moreover, partial views are also reusable across multiple views and they provide
features like modularity, encapsulation and dynamic data binding.
Q40. What is Dependency Injection, and how is it
used in ASP.NET MVC applications?
Q38. What are the different types of routing
constraints available in ASP.NET MVC?
Q37. How does TempData differ from ViewBag and
ViewData?
Q39. Discuss the usage of Partial Views in ASP.NET
MVC applications.
Q43. Describe the concept of Areas in ASP.NET MVC?
The concept of Areas in ASP.NET MVC can be referred to as separate modules which contain
logical group of controllers, views and other assets. These are different small parts of a web
application which makes managing the application less complicated and more organizable.
Q44. How do you handle errors and exceptions in
ASP.NET MVC applications?
To handle errors and exceptions in ASP.NET MVC applications, we can use:
Q42. How does Model Binding work in ASP.NET MVC?
Model Binding in ASP.NET MVC is a process where data of HTTP request is mapped onto the
model properties or action method parameters. The raw data of the HTTP request is complex
to understand so model binding enables converting them into readable .NET objects that are
strongly typed.
Q41. Explain the difference between
Html.RenderPartial() and Html.Partial() methods in
ASP.NET MVC.
try-catch blocks in controllers
global error handling mechanisms like custom error pages
frameworks like Serilog, Elmah
Html.RenderPartial()
This is used to render the partial view to the
output directly.
Html.Partial()
This is used to store the content which is
already rendered in a variable.
There is nothing to return. A string that has the partial view
displayed in it is returned.
This is mostly used when you want
changes to be made to the content
before rendering it.
This is mostly used when there is no need for
changes to the content and can be directly
rendered.
'HandleError' attribute in controller
In an ASP.NET MVC application, a Web.config file is used for the purpose of configuring the
settings that are in that specific application. They can be database connections, security
configurations, application wide settings or other parameters which are required so that the
application can run in the correct manner as it should.
Q48. How do you handle file uploads in ASP.NET
MVC?
In ASP.NET MVC, you can easily handle file uploads using the 'HttpPostedFileBase' class that
will help you to access the file data that has been uploaded. The file can be saved later or if you
want process it however you want.
To handle multiple submit buttons in a single ASP.NET MVC form, what you can do is for each
button used in the form, give it a unique name or another method is using JavaScript or jQuery
to see which button was clicked and the correct action can be performed after clicking.
Q47. What is the purpose of the Web.config file in an
ASP.NET MVC application?
The various ways to implement client-side validation in ASP.NET MVC applications are:
1. HTML5 Validation- 'required', 'min', 'max', 'pattern', etc are some of the HTML5 attributes
that can be used to implement client side validation.
2. jQuery Validation Plugin- We can use jQuery for integrating jQuery Validation Plugin that
provides extensive validation rules and customizable error messages.
3. Custom JavaScript Validation- We can also manually write JavaScript code so that form
inputs can be validated through customized code.
4. Third-party Libraries- There are some third party JavaScript libraries such as Validate.js,
Parsley.js that allow implementing client-side validation.
5. Built-in Client-Side Validation- ASP.NET Core has built-in client-side validation as well
through 'jQuery-validation-unobtrusive' package.
Q45. Discuss the various ways to implement client-
side validation in ASP.NET MVC applications.
Q46. How can you handle multiple submit buttons in
a single ASP.NET MVC form?
FAQs
Q49. What are the advantages of using
asynchronous controllers in ASP.NET MVC?
The advantages of using asynchronous controllers in ASP.NET MVC are as follows:
Q50. What is the purpose of the Layout property in
Razor views?
The main purpose of the Layout property in Razor views is specifying a shared layout page
which will have some common HTML structure and the elements that will help to achieve
multiple views in an ASP.NET Core MVC application.
I hope the above questions and answers will help you with
your ASP.NET MVC Interview. All the above interview
Questions have been taken from our newly released eBook
ASP.NET MVC Interview Questions and Answers. Consider
enrolling in our ASP.NET MVC Certification Course from
ScholarHat and Start Your Tech Career the Right Way!
This eBook has been written to make you confident in
ASP.NET MVC with a solid foundation. Also, this will help you
to use ASP.NET MVC in your real project.
It reduces blocking and waiting time to load the pages faster.
It allows to free up the threads and there is more time for handling other requests while I/O
operations are going on.
It doesn't block the thread during I/O operations and application becomes more
responsive.
It handles long running operations like network requests or database queries very well.
It gives the server the power to handle more concurrent requests.
Summary
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Q2. How can I practice MVC concepts?
Q3. How should I prepare for an MVC interview?
Q1. What topics should I focus on while preparing for an MVC
interview?
Q4. What resources should I use to prepare for an MVC interview?
To prepare for an MVC Interview, have proper understanding the architectural pattern of MVC
and its components, practice creating sample application using MVC frameworks.
To practice MVC concepts, you can start by practicing to build sample applications with the
help of MVC Framework, understand core concepts by watching online tutorials, solve
related coding exercises.
To prepare for an MVC interview, you have many resources such as official documentation for
the MVC framework, online courses and tutorials, etc.
While preparing for an MVC interview, you should focus more on topics like MVC architectural
pattern, ASP.NET Core MVC framework, routing, Razor, data validation, dependency injection,
etc

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  • 1. Top 50 MVC Interview Questions and Answers ASP.NET MVC Interview Questions: An Overview ASP.NET MVC is the most demanding framework for building web & mobile applications. .NET MVC Framework offers a bunch of class libraries to help you develop high-performance, highly scalable & testable apps. To become a .Net MVC expert developer, you need to join MVC training for learning C#, which is a commonly used programming language, OOPS, SQL Server, and a bunch of front-end technologies i.e HTML, JavaScript, JQuery. Along with learning, refer to the MVC interview question answer pdf to crack your job interview & become industry- competent. MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. It is a software design pattern that was introduced in the 1970s. Also, the MVC pattern forces a separation of concerns, which means the domain model and controller logic are decoupled from the user interface (view). As a result, maintenance and testing of the application become simpler and easier.
  • 2. More: ASP.NET MVC Interview Questions and Answers PDF ASP.NET MVC is an open-source framework built on top of the Microsoft .NET Framework to develop a web application that enables a clean separation of code. ASP.NET MVC framework is the most customizable and extensible platform shipped by Microsoft. MVC architectural pattern is related to ASP.NET in an almost similar way as it is related to an application. ASP.NET is integrated into the HTML template that is used to create or develop most of the web pages we see on the Internet. In other words, we can say that the view layer of the MVC. ASP.NET is executed on the remote server which is why it's called a server-side framework which is the controller layer of the MVC framework. MVC stands for Model-View-Controller. It is a software design pattern that was introduced in the 1970s. Also, the MVC pattern forces a separation of concerns, which means the domain model and controller logic are decoupled from the user interface (view). As a result, maintenance and testing of the application become simpler and easier. MVC framework generally works by separating the business logic and presentation layer from each other and by doing it, the accessibilities may enhance. It was traditionally used for desktop graphical user interfaces previously, but nowadays, the MVC architectural pattern in web technology has become popular and evolved for the designing & architecting of web applications as well as mobile apps while having a robust application structure. There are the following advantages of ASP.NET MVC over Web Forms (ASP.NET): Separation of concern: The MVC design pattern divides the ASP.NET MVC application into three main aspects: Model, View, and Controller, which make it easier to manage the application complexity. TDD: The MVC framework brings better support to test-driven development. Using the TDD, write clean and robust code that is structured and well commented, as well as testing your code. This is where the ASP.Net MVC puts a special emphasis on testing the all Q1. What is MVC? Q2. What is ASP.NET MVC? Q3. What are the advantages of ASP.NET MVC?
  • 3. The convention-based routing is complex to support certain URI patterns that are common in RESTful APIs. But by using attribute routing you can define these URI patterns very easily. For example,resources often contain child resources like Clients have ordered, movies have actors, books have authors, and so on. It’s natural to create URIs that reflect these relations like as /clients/1/orders Routing is a pattern-matching system that monitors the incoming request and figures out what to do with that request. At runtime, the Routing engine uses the Route table for matching the incoming request's URL pattern against the URL patterns defined in the Route table. You can register one or more URL patterns to the Route table at the Application_Start event. When the routing engine finds a match in the routing table for the incoming request's URL, it forwards the request to the appropriate controller and action. If there is no match in the routing table for the incoming request's URL, it returns a 404 HTTP status code. development activities while doing it. TDD approaches the further capabilities of testing the individual component during the software development process and ensures the highest quality development activity for the project. Extensible and pluggable: MVC framework components were designed to be pluggable and extensible and, therefore, can be replaced or customized more easily than Web Forms. Full control over application behavior: MVC framework doesn’t use View State or server- based forms like Web Forms. This gives the application developer more control over the behaviors of the application and also reduces the bandwidth of requests to the server. ASP.NET features are supported. MVC framework is built on top of ASP.NET and, therefore, can use most of the features that ASP.NET includes, such as the provider's architecture, authentication, authorization scenarios, membership and roles, caching session, and more. URL routing mechanism: The MVC framework supports a powerful URL routing mechanism that helps to build a more comprehensible and searchable URL in your application. This mechanism helps the application to be more addressable in the eyes of search engines and clients and can help in search engine optimization. Q5. When to use Attribute Routing? Q4.What is Routing in ASP.NET MVC?
  • 4. URL rewriting is focused on mapping one URL (new URL) to another URL (old URL) while Many developers compare routing to URL rewriting since both look similar and can be used to make SEO friendly URLs. But both the approaches are very much different. The main difference between routing and URL rewriting is given below : Enabling attribute routing in your ASP.NET MVC5 application is simple, just add a call to routes.MapMvcAttributeRoutes() method within RegisterRoutes() method of RouteConfig.cs file. This type of URI is difficult to create using convention-based routing. Although it can be done, the results don’t scale well if you have many controllers or resource types. With attribute routing, it’s pretty much easy to define a route for this URI. You simply add an attribute to the controller action as: Q6. How to enable Attribute Routing in ASP.NET MVC? Q7. What is the difference between Routing and URL Rewriting? [Route("clients/{clientId}/orders")] public IEnumerable<Order> GetOrdersByClient(int clientId) { //TO DO }
  • 5. routing is focused on mapping a URL to a resource. URL rewriting rewrites your old URL to a new one while routing never rewrite your old URL to the new one but it maps to the original route. An HTML Helper is just a method that returns an HTML string. The string can represent any type of content that you want. For example, you can use HTML Helpers to render standard HTML tags like HTML <input>, <button> and <img> tags etc. You can also create your own HTML Helpers to render more complex content such as a menu strip or an HTML table for displaying database data. The HtmlHelper is a class that is used to render the HTML controls into the razor view pages. Helper binds the model object to the HTML controls of the templates to display the value of the respective model properties into those controls as well as it also assigns the value of the Razor Engine is an advanced view engine that was introduced with MVC3. This is not a new language but it is a new markup syntax. Razor has a new and advanced syntax that is compact, expressive, and reduces typing. Razor syntax is easy to learn and much cleaner than Web Form syntax. Razor uses @ symbol to write markup as: A View Engine is an MVC subsystem that has its own markup syntax. It is responsible for converting the server-side template into HTML markup and rendering it to the browser. Initially, ASP.NET MVC ships with one view engine, web forms (ASPX), and from ASP.NET MVC3 a new view engine, Razor is introduced. With ASP.NET MVC, you can also use other view engines like Spark, NHaml, etc. The view engine helps to render the views into HTML form in the browser. By default, the Asp.net MVC provides two different flavors of the view engines such as ASPX and the Razor View Engine. Q8. What is View Engine? Q9. What is Razor View Engine? Q10. What are HTML Helpers in ASP.NET MVC? @Html.ActionLink("SignUp", "SignUp")
  • 6. Now, the DoSomething action will be identified and called by the name DoAction. You can also change the action method name by using the ActionName attribute. Now the action method will be called by the name defined by the ActionName attribute. Url helpers allow you to render HTML links and raw URLs. The output of these helpers is dependent on the routing configuration of your ASP.NET MVC application. controls to the model properties while the user submits the webform while interacting with the form elements. Its always recommended to always use the Html Helpers classes in the razor view instead of writing all the HTML tags manually. When a set of views shares common settings, the _ViewStart.cshtml file is a great place to put these common view settings. If any view needs to override any of the common settings then that view can set new values in common settings. Data validation is a key aspect of developing a web application. In Asp.net MVC, we can easily apply validation to the web application by using Data Annotation attribute classes to the model class. Data Annotation attribute classes are present in System.ComponentModel. DataAnnotations namespace and are available to Asp.net projects like Asp.net web application & website, Asp.net MVC, Web forms, and also to Entity framework ORM models. Data Q11. What are Url Helpers? Q12. When to use _ViewStart? Q13. Can you change the action method name? Q14. What are Data Annotations in ASP.NET MVC? [ActionName("DoAction")] public ActionResult DoSomething() { //TODO: return View(); }
  • 7. Annotations help us to define the rules to the model classes or properties for data validation and displaying suitable messages to end-users. When server-side model validation fails, errors are included in the ModelState. Hence, by using ModelState.IsValid property you can verify model state. It returns true if there is no error in ModelState else returns false. Microsoft introduced the jquery.validate.unobtrusive.js plugin with ASP.NET MVC3 to apply data model validations to the client side using a combination of jQuery Validation and HTML 5 data attributes. System.Web.The optimization class offers the bundling and minification techniques that exist within Microsoft.Web.Optimization dll. Using this dll you can also use this technique with ASP.NET MVC3 and ASP.NET 4.0. Q18. What is Scaffolding? Q17. Can we use Bundling and Minification in ASP.NET MVC3 or ASP.NET4.0? Q16. What is the jQuery Validation Unobtrusive plugin? Q15. How to determine there is no error in Model State? [HttpPost] public ActionResult DoSomething(UserViewModel model) { if (ModelState.IsValid) { //TODO: } return View(); }
  • 8. Now, the DoSomething action will be identified and called by the name DoAction. The life of TempData is very short and lies only until the target view is fully loaded. But you can persist data in TempData by calling the Keep() method after request completion You can also change the action method name by using the ActionName attribute. Now the action method will be called by the name defined by the ActionName attribute. In MVC, a total of 12 types of results are found. "ActionResult" class is the main class whereas the 11 are their sub-types. These types are covered when you learn MVC step by step. Here is the list of these sub-types: ViewResult EmptyResult Par tialViewResult RedirectResult RedirectToRouteResult Scaffolding is a technique used by many MVC frameworks like ASP.NET MVC, Ruby on Rails, Cake PHP and Node.JS, etc., to generate code for basic CRUD (create, read, update, and delete) operations against your database effectively. Further, you can edit or customize this auto- generated code according to your need. Scaffolding consists of page templates, entity page templates, field page templates, and filter templates. These templates are called Scaffold templates and allow you to quickly build a functional data-driven Web site. Q19. How to persist data in TempData? Q21. Mention the types of results in MVC? Q20. Can you change the action method name? [ActionName("DoAction")] public ActionResult DoSomething() { //TODO: return View(); }
  • 9. JavaScriptResult JsonResult FileContentResult FileStreamResult FilePathResult ContentResult Database First Approach works as a substitute to the Code First as well as Model First approaches to the Entity Data Model. Moreover, the Entity Data Model makes model codes including properties, classes, DbContext, etc. from the database within the project. The particular class works as the link between the controller and the database. When you undergo MVC Certification training, you may be made familiar with the Database first approach. The following ways are useful to connect the database with the application. Database First The MVC model defines the web applications through 3 logic layers: 1. The business layer (Model logic) 2. The display layer (View logic) 3. The input control (Controller logic) The Model logic is the portion of the application that only deals with the logic for the application data. Commonly, the model objects to access data and even store data from a database. The View logic is the portion of the application that looks after the display of the data. Frequently, the model data create views. Some other complex methods of creating views are available. The Controller logic is the portion of the application that deals with user interaction. Q23. What does Database first approach in MVC through Entity Framework? Q22. What do the 3 logic layers define about the MVC Pattern?
  • 10. Code First Model First Both these action types are described in theMVC tutorial. GET Action Type: GET is employed to request data from a specific resource. Through all the GET requests, the URL is passed. The process is mandatory and it can take up a few overloads. POST Action Type: The POST Action type is useful to submit data that needs to be processed to a specific resource. Through all the POST requests, the URL is passed that is essential and the data. It is easy to execute validation in MVC applications through the validators defined in theSystem.ComponentModel.DataAnnotationsnamespace. Various types of validators are as follows: Required Range DataType StringLength The view contains the layout page. Before rendering any view, the view start page is rendered. Moreover, a view may have markup tags such as HTML, body, title, head, and meta, etc. Partial View does not contain the layout page. It does not validate for a viewstart.cshtml. It is not allowed to place common code for a partial view inside the view start.cshtml.page. A partial view is specially designed to render inside the view and therefore, it does not include any markup. It is allowed to pass a regular view to the RenderPartial method. Q25. How to execute validation in MVC? Q24. Explain GET and POST Action types: Q26. How do Views and Partial Views differ? Q27. What basic folders use the MVC template without Areas in the ASP.NET Core project?
  • 11. The following folders make use of the MVC template without Areas: Controllers- Default folder for application controllers Views- It is a folder containing a folder for each controller as well as a particular folder shared for views utilized by multiple views or controllers. wwwroot- It is a publicly accessible folder of a site comprising of subfolders of static files Formerly, HTTP was used as a protocol for all types of clients. Gradually, the client variety began to increase and extend in various directions. The widespread use of Windows applications, JavaScript, and mobile demanded the huge consumption of HTTP. Therefore, the REST approach was introduced. This is the reason why WebAPI technology is implemented to the REST principles to render the data over HTTP. Web API as the name suggests is an API over the web that can be used using the HTTP protocol. The web API is a concept and it should not be considered technology. By using the web API, we can build the Web APIs using different technologies such as Java, .NET, NodeJs, Python, etc. For example, The student's record details can be used by the universities and university details can be consumed via the Web API URLs in any of the web applications. The ASP.NET Core is a cutting-edge platform and it supports various approaches. The user needs to use certain types of distributed cache, for example, Redis. Moreover, Microsoft offers various packages to assist you with this. When using Redis, Microsoft.Extensions.Caching.Redis offers the middleware and employs IDistributedCache to present a standard approach to function with it. Q28. Why is WebAPI technology introduced? Q30. Discuss the vital namespaces used in ASP.NET MVC? Q29. What steps need to be followed when you have an ASP.NET Core MVC application wherein you have to use some cache solution as well as support running across multiple servers?
  • 12. ASP.NET MVC The architecture is based on Model-View- Controller pattern. It gives more control to the developers over generating HTML. It focuses more on separation of concerns among the layers. Web Forms It follows the event-driven programming model. It provides comparatively less control over the HTML output. It has tightly coupled code that can mix up the concerns. The Model-View-Controller architectural pattern consists of three components: 1. Model- It consists of the data and business logic of the application and also the data that is stored and retrieved from the database. For an MVC developer, it is better to know the significant namespaces used in the ASP.NET MVC application. Here are they: 1. System.Web.Mvc: It comprises interfaces and classes which support the MVC pattern for ASP.NET Web applications. Moreover, it contains classes that depict controller factories, controllers, views, partial views, auction results, and model binders. 2. System.Web.Mvc.Ajax: It includes classes that support Ajax scripting within an ASP.NET MVC application. 3. System.Web.Mvc.Html: It includes classes that facilitate the rendering of HTML controls in an MVC application. It contains those classes that support input controls, forms, partial views, links, and validation. Q31. How does ASP.NET MVC differ from Web Forms? Q32. Explain the Model-View-Controller (MVC) architectural pattern in ASP.NET MVC?
  • 13. There are several types of ActionResult in ASP.NET MVC such as: 1. ViewResult 2. PartialViewResult 3. RedirectResult 4. RedirectToRouteResult 5. JsonResult . ContentResult 7. FileResult There are basically three components of an ASP.NET MVC application that are: Models- The data and business logic of the application are present here. Views- The User Interface of the application comes under views. Controllers- User requests are handled with the help of Controllers. Whenever an action method is being executed, a certain set of attributes are applied to the controller actions so that they can add on some processing logic to the execution, whether it be In ASP.NET MVC, the TempData is used to temporarily store data when an HTTP request is under process and pass the data from one controller to another controller during that process. 2. View- It consists of the application's User Interface where all the data is displayed and the user input is handled. 3. Controller- It works like a bridge between the model and the view where it takes the user input and returns the processed data back to the user as view. Q33. Describe the components of an ASP.NET MVC application? Q34. What are the different types of ActionResult in ASP.NET MVC? Q35. What is the role of TempData in ASP.NET MVC? Q36. Explain the concept of Action Filters in ASP.NET MVC? before or after the process. These attributes are known as Action Filters in ASP.NET MVC.
  • 14. The different types of routing constraints that are available in ASP.NET MVC are as follows: 1. Regular Expression Constraint 2. Range Constraint 3. Length Constraint 4. Min/Max Constraint 5. Compound Constraint . Custom Constraint TempData and ViewData are both dictionary objects and both of them need typecasting while ViewBag is a dynamic property that does not need any typecasting to pass data. TempData temporarily stores data for the next HTTP request while ViewBag and ViewData passes the data within the same request only. Dependency Injection can be defined as those loose coupling design pattern which gives the freedom to not create dependencies of a class within the class but instead they are injected from the outside. Dependency Injection are very commonly used in ASP.NET MVC application DI has built in support in ASP.NET Core for injecting dependencies like services into the views, controllers and many components. In ASP.NET MVC, partial views are basically small sections of the complete parent view which help the developers to manage the complex UI by breaking them down into small parts like mini views. Moreover, partial views are also reusable across multiple views and they provide features like modularity, encapsulation and dynamic data binding. Q40. What is Dependency Injection, and how is it used in ASP.NET MVC applications? Q38. What are the different types of routing constraints available in ASP.NET MVC? Q37. How does TempData differ from ViewBag and ViewData? Q39. Discuss the usage of Partial Views in ASP.NET MVC applications.
  • 15. Q43. Describe the concept of Areas in ASP.NET MVC? The concept of Areas in ASP.NET MVC can be referred to as separate modules which contain logical group of controllers, views and other assets. These are different small parts of a web application which makes managing the application less complicated and more organizable. Q44. How do you handle errors and exceptions in ASP.NET MVC applications? To handle errors and exceptions in ASP.NET MVC applications, we can use: Q42. How does Model Binding work in ASP.NET MVC? Model Binding in ASP.NET MVC is a process where data of HTTP request is mapped onto the model properties or action method parameters. The raw data of the HTTP request is complex to understand so model binding enables converting them into readable .NET objects that are strongly typed. Q41. Explain the difference between Html.RenderPartial() and Html.Partial() methods in ASP.NET MVC. try-catch blocks in controllers global error handling mechanisms like custom error pages frameworks like Serilog, Elmah Html.RenderPartial() This is used to render the partial view to the output directly. Html.Partial() This is used to store the content which is already rendered in a variable. There is nothing to return. A string that has the partial view displayed in it is returned. This is mostly used when you want changes to be made to the content before rendering it. This is mostly used when there is no need for changes to the content and can be directly rendered.
  • 16. 'HandleError' attribute in controller In an ASP.NET MVC application, a Web.config file is used for the purpose of configuring the settings that are in that specific application. They can be database connections, security configurations, application wide settings or other parameters which are required so that the application can run in the correct manner as it should. Q48. How do you handle file uploads in ASP.NET MVC? In ASP.NET MVC, you can easily handle file uploads using the 'HttpPostedFileBase' class that will help you to access the file data that has been uploaded. The file can be saved later or if you want process it however you want. To handle multiple submit buttons in a single ASP.NET MVC form, what you can do is for each button used in the form, give it a unique name or another method is using JavaScript or jQuery to see which button was clicked and the correct action can be performed after clicking. Q47. What is the purpose of the Web.config file in an ASP.NET MVC application? The various ways to implement client-side validation in ASP.NET MVC applications are: 1. HTML5 Validation- 'required', 'min', 'max', 'pattern', etc are some of the HTML5 attributes that can be used to implement client side validation. 2. jQuery Validation Plugin- We can use jQuery for integrating jQuery Validation Plugin that provides extensive validation rules and customizable error messages. 3. Custom JavaScript Validation- We can also manually write JavaScript code so that form inputs can be validated through customized code. 4. Third-party Libraries- There are some third party JavaScript libraries such as Validate.js, Parsley.js that allow implementing client-side validation. 5. Built-in Client-Side Validation- ASP.NET Core has built-in client-side validation as well through 'jQuery-validation-unobtrusive' package. Q45. Discuss the various ways to implement client- side validation in ASP.NET MVC applications. Q46. How can you handle multiple submit buttons in a single ASP.NET MVC form?
  • 17. FAQs Q49. What are the advantages of using asynchronous controllers in ASP.NET MVC? The advantages of using asynchronous controllers in ASP.NET MVC are as follows: Q50. What is the purpose of the Layout property in Razor views? The main purpose of the Layout property in Razor views is specifying a shared layout page which will have some common HTML structure and the elements that will help to achieve multiple views in an ASP.NET Core MVC application. I hope the above questions and answers will help you with your ASP.NET MVC Interview. All the above interview Questions have been taken from our newly released eBook ASP.NET MVC Interview Questions and Answers. Consider enrolling in our ASP.NET MVC Certification Course from ScholarHat and Start Your Tech Career the Right Way! This eBook has been written to make you confident in ASP.NET MVC with a solid foundation. Also, this will help you to use ASP.NET MVC in your real project. It reduces blocking and waiting time to load the pages faster. It allows to free up the threads and there is more time for handling other requests while I/O operations are going on. It doesn't block the thread during I/O operations and application becomes more responsive. It handles long running operations like network requests or database queries very well. It gives the server the power to handle more concurrent requests. Summary Buy this eBook at a Discounted Price!
  • 18. Q2. How can I practice MVC concepts? Q3. How should I prepare for an MVC interview? Q1. What topics should I focus on while preparing for an MVC interview? Q4. What resources should I use to prepare for an MVC interview? To prepare for an MVC Interview, have proper understanding the architectural pattern of MVC and its components, practice creating sample application using MVC frameworks. To practice MVC concepts, you can start by practicing to build sample applications with the help of MVC Framework, understand core concepts by watching online tutorials, solve related coding exercises. To prepare for an MVC interview, you have many resources such as official documentation for the MVC framework, online courses and tutorials, etc. While preparing for an MVC interview, you should focus more on topics like MVC architectural pattern, ASP.NET Core MVC framework, routing, Razor, data validation, dependency injection, etc