NANOTECHNOLOGY, Applied For Treatment of Cancer
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This document discusses using nanotechnology to treat cancer. It describes how nanodevices can be designed with sensors, motors, processors and other components to identify and destroy cancer cells. The nanodevices are injected and use scanning and mathematical computations to navigate the body and locate cancer cells. Once found, a gene reader identifies the cancer cells and RF energy is used to destroy them, while a bio-telemetry system monitors the nanodevice components.
NANOTECHNOLOGY, Applied For Treatment of Cancer
- 1. NanoTechnology Applied ForTreatment Of Cancer By: B. Santosh 11071A1008
- 2. Nanotechnology: ▪ Nanotechnology is the art of manipulating materials on the atomic or molecular level and is used to build microscopic devices such as robots and other machines.These miniature devices play an important role in providing safe and efficient analysis and treatment of disease.
- 3. Cancer Treatments: ▪ Chemotherapy, a treatment with powerful medicines. ▪ Radiation therapy, a treatment given through external high-energy rays. ▪ Nanotechnology applied therapy, treatment through RF signal.
- 5. Nano Device: ▪ With the help of nano-molecular tools, we could design the nano device. ▪ The device would have binding sites (sensors, transceiver, and other requirements) made up of super carbon. ▪ The nano device contains sensors, motor, gene reader, processor, trans receiver, camera and power supply.
- 6. Process: ▪ Inject Nanodevice. ▪ Identifying Cancer cells through Scanning. ▪ Give the Position of Cancer cells to Nanodevice through Microprocessor in 3- Dimensional Point ofView .
- 7. Positioning: ▪ The Nanodevice takes the Inititial Position as (0 , 0 , 0). ▪ And Cancer cells Position as Reference in 3dView. ▪ Mathematical computations involve such that only one axis is compared between the nano device and the reference at a time.
- 8. Navigation: ▪ The output of Mathematical Operations is given to the Driver circuit of motor(fan).Which allowsThe Nanodevice to move through Blood with Required speed. ▪ AndThis involves some Steps.
- 9. Imaging: ▪ Camera is Inserted into available technology which helps us to monitor Internal Process. ▪ And Current clinical ultrasound scanners form images by transmitting pulses of ultrasonic energy along various beam lines in a scanning plane and detecting and displaying the subsequent echo signals.
- 10. Identification: • A Gene Reader identifier is used to identify the cancer cells.
- 11. Destruction: ▪ RF Energy is used for destruction of Cancer cells.
- 12. BioTelemetry System: This is Used for Monitoring the General Components like Pressure, Temperature etc. It Uses Pulse Interval Modulation (PIM) forTransmission of signals.
- 13. References: • Papers “Identify and Destroy Cancer Cells Using NanoTechnology”, B. Sivaranjani, V.Vinodhini, P.Menaka, V. S. Jagadeeswaran, P. Praseethan, International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering Vol. 3, Issue 4, April 2014. “Nanotechnology in cancer prevention, detection and treatment: bright future lies ahead”, G. Ali Mansoori, World Review of Science,Technology and Sustainable Development, Vol. 4, Nos. 2/3, 2007. Books: Nanomedicine by Robert freitas Fundamentals of biochemistry by J.L.Jain Websites: www.nano-tech.com http://nano.cancer.gov/
Editor's Notes
- #3: nanotechnology' refers to the projected ability to construct items from the bottom up, using techniques and tools being developed today to make complete, high performance products. Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale. This covers both current work and concepts that are more advanced.
- #4: NCI Alliance for Nanotechnology in Cancer
- #6: Quantum dots-nano crystals , -nano metrs, semiconductor material which exhibit properties of quantum mechanics Carbon nanotubes- cylindrical in structure, allotropes of carbon
- #9: Step1: Marking the co-ordinates. Step2: Initialize the start command. Step3: Feed the axis. Step4: Send command to emit ultrasound. Step5: Wait for T seconds. Step6: If there is no signal reflected back (or) if the reflected signal is less than the threshold value, then activate the stepper motor to rotate through a certain distance. (Note: the distance is proportional to one axis) Step7: Subtract the axis value by one. Step8: Continue from step4 to step7 for both co-ordinates. Step9: If the signal reflected back is greater than the threshold value then the motor is de-activated. Step10: The motor (perpendicular to motor1) is activated. The motor2 moves through one step thus making the motor1 to change the axis. Step11: The motor1 is allowed to travel until next change is required. Step12: Once the nanodevice reaches the required spot, the motor is deactivated through external command. Step13: Receives the RF radiation for T seconds that has been already calculated depending upon the intensity of tumour.
- #12: An electronic interface to the biomolecule (DNA) can be created. RF magnetic field should be inductively coupled to nanocrystal antenna linked covalently to a DNA molecule. The inductive coupling results to the increase in the local temperature of the bound DNA, allowing the change of state to take place, while leaving molecules surrounding the DNA relatively unaffected. The switching is fully reversible, as dissolved molecules dissipate the heat in less time duration. Thus RF signal generated outside the body can destroy the affected DNA. The treatment tip contains the essential technology components that transform RF to a volumetric tissue heating source. The heat delivery surface transmits RF energy to the cells. Tumors that have little or no oxygen content (i.e. hypoxia) also have increased resistance to radio-frequency radiation. Thus, due to high resistance to radio frequency radiation the affected cells get heated and hence destroyed.
- #13: The transmitter uses Pulse Interval Modulation (PIM) to send temperature and pressure information out of the biological environment. The RF carrier frequency is in the biomedical range (174 - 216MHz). A pair of RF pulses is transmitted at a frequency of about 1-2Hz.
- #14: polyethylene glycol (PEG)