Narrative approach
- 4. Narrative approach • AIM: Separate individual from their problem allowing individual to externalize their problem • BELIEF: Separate people from their problematic or destructive behavior has vital part on treatment • FOCUS: On the story telling tendency • CENTRAL PART: Family therapy
- 5. MAIN IDEAS OF NARRATIVE APPROACH • 1. NARRATIVE THERAPY IS RESPECTFUL • 2. NARRATIVE THERAPY IS NON-BLAMING • 3. NARRATIVE THERAPY VIEWS THE CLIENT AS THE EXPERT.
- 6. • “The problem is the problem, the person is not the problem”- Michael White & David o White & Epston theorized that self-identity could have profound negative impacts on a person’s functionality and quality of life
- 7. • Focus of narrative therapy • The role of stories • Listening with an open mind
- 8. • Reality is socially constructed. • Reality is influenced by and communicated through language. • Stories and narratives help us to make sense of our experiences. • There is no “objective reality” or absolute truth.
- 9. THERAPEUTIC PROCESS • Collaborate with the client to come up with a mutually acceptable name for the problem • Personify the problem and attribute oppressive intentions. • investigate how the problem has been disrupting, dominating, or discouraging
- 10. • Invite the client to see his or her story from a different perspective. • Discover the moments when the client wasn’t dominated or discouraged by the problem. • Find historical evidence to bolster a new view of the client as competent enough to have stood up to, defeated, or escaped from the dominance or oppression of the problem.
- 11. • Ask the client to speculate about what kind of future could be expected from the strong, competent person who is emerging. • Find or create an audience for perceiving and supporting the new story. • The client needs to live the new story out side of therapy, the person’s problem initially developed in a social context , so essential to involve the social environment in supporting the new life story.
- 12. THERAPEUTIC GOALS Invite people to describe their experience in a new and fresh language The problem is something that a person has, not something a person is.
- 13. THERAPIST's FUNCTION AND ROLE Active facilitator Help clients to construct a preferred story line Uses questions aimed at separating the problem from the people affected by the problem Explore both the impact of problem and reduce the effect of problem
- 14. THERAPEUTIC RELATIONSHIP Characterized by collaboration, compassion, reflection and discovery Place great importance on the values and ethical commitments Therapist uses authority by treating client as an expert
- 16. Questions…. And more questions Asking questions can lead to separating “person” from “problem” ,identifying preferred directions , and creating alternative stories to support these directions.
- 17. Externalization & deconstruction Externalization is a process of separating the person from identifying with the problem. Externalizing conversation: a way of speaking in which the problem may be spoken of as if it were a distinct entity separate from the person.
- 18. “ it is not the person that is the problem , but the problem that is the problem” Problem saturated stories are deconstructed (taken apart) before new stories are co- created
- 19. SEARCH FOR UNIQUE OUTCOMES • The therapist talks to the client about moment of choice or success regarding the probblem. • This is done by selecting any experience that stands apart from the problem story.
- 20. ALTERNATIVE STORIES AND REAUTHORING The turning point in this therapy is when the client makes the choices to stop living in a problem saturated story and create an alternative story ( reauthoring ). Develop an alternative story. Reauthoring occurs either in free flowing conversation or through questioning
- 21. DOCUMENTING THE EVIDENCE Narrative therapist believe new stories take hold when there is an audience to appreciate and support them. Letter writing
- 22. ADVANTAGES OF NARRATIVE THERAPY Non-judgmental and non-blaming approach that separates the problem from the person Regards client rather than therapist as an expert Focus on clients skills, strengths and knowledge rather than his weakness and past failures Help clients to look at their problem from a more objective perspective
- 23. DISADVANTAGES OF NARRATIVE THERAPY No essential scientific research to support the therapeutic approach Some individuals may feel uncomfortable being the ‘expert’ and driving the therapy process Narrative approach is not appropriate for all types of clients
- 24. Thank you