National Public (Ration) Outreach Using Blockchain and IOT

International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET) e-ISSN: 2395-0056
Volume: 10 Issue: 12 | Dec 2023 www.irjet.net p-ISSN: 2395-0072
© 2023, IRJET | Impact Factor value: 8.226 | ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal | Page 616
National Public (Ration) Outreach Using Blockchain and IOT
Dhiraj Birari1, Omkar Dhurjad2, Pranjal Gawale3, Shweta Pawar4
1Faculty, MVPS’s KBT college of Engineering, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
2Student, MVPS’s KBT college of Engineering, Nashik, Maharashtra, India
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Abstract - In this article we will outline IoT and blockchain
prototypes that can be integrated with current systems. For
millions of recipients, the Public Distribution System (PDS) is
crucial in guaranteeing food security and the fair distribution
of necessities. However, there are a number of serious
problems with this vital system, such as leaks, inefficiencies,
and transparency problems. In response, thisinitiativeoffersa
game-changing remedy by utilizing blockchain technology to
build an efficient, safe, and transparent PDS. The project is
divided into several stages, starting with comprehensive
requirements analysis and research, then movingontosystem
design, development, and extensive testing. As the project
progresses, an emphasis on scalability, strong security
measures, and user-friendly interfaces ensures that
government agencies, distribution center employees, and
beneficiaries can easily interact with the blockchain-based
PDS. This blockchain-based PDS is a paradigm change in the
public distribution space, acting as a template for other areas
and industries looking to improve the transparency,
effectiveness, and equity of vital commodity distribution
networks. Ultimately, this creative approach is expected to
improve the financial and social status andfoodsecuritylevels
of the people served by PDS.
Keywords: Blockchain, IOT, Public Ration, Smart
Contracts, Government, efficiency, transparency, equity,
SHA 256
1.INTRODUCTION
The confluence of cutting-edge technologyhasbecome
essential in the effort to improve public welfare institutions'
effectiveness, accountability, and transparency. Our project,
"Public Ration Distribution using Blockchain and IoT,"[1] is
an innovative attempt to transform the way necessities are
distributed, especially when it comes to public ration
distribution. Conventional public distribution systems
frequently face obstacles such a lack of openness,
bureaucratic red tape, and the possibility of fraud. These
problems jeopardize the intended benefits for the worthy
receivers as well as the efficient distribution of resources.
Taking note of these difficulties, our project aims to develop
a reliable and efficient solution by utilizing the Blockchain
and Internet of Things (IoT) synergies. Blockchain
technology is well known for being tamper-resistant and
decentralized.[1]
IoT devices are a crucial part of blockchain technology,
supporting real-time data collecting and monitoring.
Throughout the supply chain, smart sensors are positioned
strategically to allow stakeholders to trace the flow ofration
supplies, keep an eye on storage conditions, and get
immediate notifications for any irregularities. Adistribution
network that is data-driven andresponsiveisfosteredbythe
smooth integration of blockchain and IoT.[3] Beyond
conception, the actual execution of our project acts as a
prototype demonstrating the feasibility and advantages of
the suggested system. Through tackling the current issues
surrounding public ration distribution, we hope to make a
substantial contribution to the continuing conversation
about using technology for social welfare. With a thorough
analysis of the system's design, features, and expected
results, this project report seeks to offer a thorough grasp of
the revolutionary potential.[2]
We will detail the technology used, the design of the system,
and the expected impact on stakeholders in the following
sections. We provide empirical facts and thorough research
to support the suitability and effectiveness of our
recommended remedies. Therefore, leveraging blockchain
and IoT to solve the public ration distribution problem is a
novel approach that aims to revolutionize the ration
distribution system.[6]
2. METHODOLOGY
We will detail the technology used, the design of the system,
and the expected impact on stakeholders in the following
sections. We provide empirical facts and thorough research
to support the suitability and effectiveness of our
recommended remedies. Therefore, leveraging blockchain
and IoT to solve the public ration distribution problem is a
novel approach that aims to revolutionize the ration
distribution system.
After a thorough testing and optimizationprocesstoaddress
any issues discovered, the second phase involves a
controlled deployment starting with a small-scale pilot.
Maintaining network security, regular updates, and optimal
performance requires ongoingmonitoringandmaintenance.
Programs for education and training will enable all users to
interact with the system in an efficient manner. Regulatory
compliance will be prioritized by adhering to local food
distribution regulations and data privacy standards. User

suggestions for system enhancements will be encouraged
through a feedback mechanism, and as the system evolves
plans for expansion and possible integration with other
systems will be evaluated with an eye toward greater
efficiency and coverage over larger areas. Several essential
steps are identified for successful implementation as the
methodologyforintegrating blockchainandIoTtechnologies
to revolutionize the public ration distribution system is
detailed.
First of all, selected technologies (blockchain and IoT) are
explained and their suitability and efficiency are analyzed,
supported by comprehensive research and data. This
analysis forms the basis of treatment recommendations.
It was also carefully considered that the distribution of
goods to the public should influence the participants. The
feasibility and importance of the system was agreed upon
and the positive results and benefits that such a system
would bring to the various organizations involved were
demonstrated. The implementation process is carefully
planned, starting with rigorous testing and optimizing the
phase. Then prepare a basic control plan, starting with a
small test. At this stage, it is important to ensure network
security, ensure that updates releasedareontime,andmake
sure that the system is working.
It is emphasized that ongoing maintenance and monitoring
are essential to the system's durability and effectiveness.
With an emphasis on the need for continuous support,
educational initiatives, and training programs, users are
given the tools they need to interact with the system
effectively.
Priority one is regulatory compliance, with a dedication to
following all local food distribution laws and maintaining
strict data privacy guidelines during the system's creation
and operation. It maintains a user-centric approach and
includes user feedback mechanisms. This eventallowsusers
to make recommendations for improvements to the system,
so that it changes as users do. Important user-centric
procedures are outlined in this methodology framework,
such as dashboard access, user registration, authentication,
and the crucial function of tracking distribution. Every stage
is explained in detail, including the technical integrations,
user engagements, and procedural nuances that will mold
the final public ration distribution system solution. This
thorough and organized method offers a clear road map for
successful implementation and serves to direct the process.
3. LITERATURE SURVEY
3.1 Public Ration Distribution using Blockchain
Technology: A user friendly web-based application which
uses Block chain as the core technology. A prototype which
logs all the records and transactions to prevent fraudulent
activities. the sole owner of the system will be Government.
3.2 Blockchain Technology in Public Ration
Distribution: A web portal based on block chain which
provides transparency, efficiency and equity. Manages
transactions between government officials and the shop
owner. Different algorithms are implemented such as SHA-
265 to ensure security.
3.3 Blockchain drivers to achieve sustainable food
security in Indian Context: Adoption of blockchain
technology is still in its infancy. The purpose of this paper is
to pinpoint blockchain drivers that, when applied to the
Indian context, can lead to sustainable food security and to
model them using an integrated Multiple Criteria Decision
Making (MCDM) framework.
3.4 Processes,benefits,andchallengesforadoption
of in food supply chains: a thematic analysis:
Blockchain technologies show promise in addressing the
present shortcomings in food supply chain management,
even outside the financial sector. Since the implementation
of blockchain technology for food supply chains is still in its
infancy, it is important to have a thematic framework in
order to methodically comprehend the benefits, problems,
and processes.
3.5 Blockchain Based Public Ration Distribution: A
digital scarcity management system called the Public
Distribution System (PDS) provides food grains at
reasonable costs to low-income households. Illegal use,
crowded, lack of materials availability at all times,
processing speed, home preference, fraudulent card
targeting. Blockchain enhances security for sensitive and
important data, and because it's a distributed ledger, it can
significantly change how your important data is seen.
3.6 Cross border Ration Distribution and refugee
aid: Blockchain's decentralized structure makes cross-
border transactions easy and safe, eliminating the need for
middlemen. By automating and enforcing the rules of
transactions, smart contracts can build confidence between
parties and cut down on the expenses and delays associated
with conventional banking systems. Transparency, speed,
and cost effectiveness in international trade and commerce
can all be enhanced by this cross-border paymentefficiency.

Fig- 1 : System Flow
4. EXISTING SYSTEM
The Indian public distribution system currently in use is
semi-electronic and relies heavily on paper documents and
reports to enter entries into the system for additional
monitoring. Without the abilitytorecordspecific transaction
information, the system canonlyenterdailyorweeklytotals,
opening the door to corruption and manipulation that can
lead to fraud and other misconduct.
5. PROPOSED ARCHITECHTURE
Fig- 2 : System Architecture
Every time a transaction takes place in the system, a record
of it is kept in the form of a hash value in a block. A virtual
block chain will form when eachblock becomesconnectedto
the block before it. A current block's hash value is produced
by combining its data with the prior block's hash. In this
manner, all of the blocks' hashes need to be updated ifone of
the blocks is tempered. These numerous copies are kept on
various servers, guaranteeing the privacyandsecurityofthe
data. Since everything is done through the application
interface, the PDS's transparency will be preserved.
6. RESULTS
The goal of the "Public Ration Distribution using Blockchain
and IoT" project is to transform the efficiency and
transparency of the public ration distribution system by
combining blockchainandIoTtechnologies.After registering
on the site, users must authenticate themselves and interact
with.
Fig- 3 : User Sign Up
A UI that is easy to use. Real-time data is recorded on a
secure blockchain by IoT devices, such as RFID tags and
sensors, which are used to monitor the movement and
storage conditions of ration supplies. Recipients are able to
monitor their rights,receive notificationsandparticipate ina
fair and transparent distribution process.
Fig- 4 : User Login
Through a dedicated interface, administrators can oversee
the system to ensure compliance, audit and proactively
intervene when abnormalities arise. The project leverages
the real-time capabilities of IoT and the transparency of
blockchain technology to enhance the entire ration
distribution lifecycle, resulting in a system that is not only
secure and compliant, but also flexible and user-centric.
Ongoing feedback and data analysis support these
improvements, making the project a dynamic andimportant
solution for the public good. The role of the user must be
specified during the registration process, whethertheyarea
State, District, Retailer, or Consumer. user can login easilyto
the system for later ration collection and tracking. Eachuser
should have a strong password for their profile that is
subject to certain limitations.State and District Employees

may need multifactor authentication because they have
access to vital information.Retailersmayrequirea minimum
level of complexity for their passwords in addition to
standard Pins generated by the system for transaction
verification. Password restrictions for customers may
include optional two-step verification for extra security and
regular resets. After creating a user profile, users can easily
log in to the system for future food collection and tracking.
Fig- 5 : User Dashboard
The user dashboard acts as a central hub, providing users
with a comprehensive overview of their profile and a
convenient interface for updatingthe necessaryinformation.
Him, her, them, etc. may clarify. Facilitating the tracking of
product-related activities and stock information by users is
among its main responsibilities.Maintainingthisopennessis
important to building trust and reducing the likelihood of
fraud or security breaches. The system also makes it easier
for users to request allocations, ensuring they can get the
resources they need quickly and easily when they need
them. Using these features, the system increases the
integrity of the platform by preventing fraud and security
breaches while promoting security, accountability,
and transparency.
Fig- 6 : Smart Contract
This is the smart contract that is executed when a user is
created whenever a new user registersinthesystemAsingle
transaction occurs when information is stored in
separate blocks.
7. CONCLUSIONS
As we come to the end of our investigation into how
blockchain technology might revolutionize the Public
Distribution System (PDS), it is quite evident that this
cutting-edge strategy provides a revolutionary response to
the long-standing issues affecting food security and
distribution. The PDS framework's incorporation of
blockchain ushers in a promising new era of openness,
effectiveness, and equity.Theunchangeableledgersystemof
blockchain technology offers an unmatched degree of
transparency, giving all partiesinvolved—from beneficiaries
to government officials—a real-time picture of the whole
supply chain. With no leakage or diversion, the increased
transparency serves as a potent deterrent against fraud,
corruption, and poor management, guaranteeing that food
supplies reach their intended recipients.
8. REFERENCES
[1] Mishra, Him ani, and Prateek Maheshwari.
"Blockchain in Indian public distribution system: a
conceptual framework topreventleakageofthesuppliesand
its enablers and disablers." Journal of Global Operationsand
Strategic Sourcing 14.2 (2021): 312-335.
[2] Singh, S. K., Jeanmarie, M., Dasgupta, D., & Das, S.
(2021). A conceptual model for Indian public distribution
system using consortium blockchain with on-chain and off-
chain trusted data. Information Technology for
Development, 27(3), 499-523.
[3] Yan, Z., Gan, G. and Raid, K., 2017, April. BC-PDS:
protecting privacy and self-sovereigntythroughBlockchains
for OpenPDS. In 2017 IEEE Symposium on Service-Oriented
System Engineering (SOSE) (pp. 138-144).
[4] Mu, Yi, Fatemeh Rezaeibagha, and Ke Huang.
"Policy-driven blockchain and its applications for transport
systems." IEEE Transactions on Services Computing 13.2
(2019): 230-240.
[5] DHUWAN, V. (2018). GOVERNANCE WITHOUT
GOVERNMENT–A BLOCKCHAIN IMPROVISEDPDS(Doctoral
dissertation).
[6] Kaur, H., 2021. Modelling internet of things driven
sustainable food security system. Benchmarking: An
International Journal, 28(5), pp.1740-1760.
[7] Verma, Aaditya, Ayush SinghRathore,andA.Charan
Kumari. "An automated approach to public distribution
system using internet of things." Procedia computer science
132 (2018): 288-296.

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