Navarrete A History of Digitization
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The document summarizes research on the history of digitization in Dutch museums over the past 50 years. The research analyzed how museums have adopted information technologies and how this is reflected in digital museums today. It used case studies and literature reviews to examine how factors like policy, technology, financing, and interpretations have influenced museums' digitization efforts. The findings showed that adoption depends on an institution's interpretation and position within networks, digitization has changed how museums communicate with the public, and it has led to new definitions of concepts like collections and the museum's role in society.
Navarrete A History of Digitization
- 1. A history of digitization: Dutch museums Trilce Navarrete Hernandez Adviser John Mackenzie Owen ICG promovendie bijeenkomst 3 april 2013
- 2. 50 years in 15 minutes: Why this research? Problem statement Methodology Findings Navarrete - A history of digitization
- 3. What is a (digital) collection / a (digital) museum? Navarrete - A history of digitization
- 4. What is a (digital) collection / a (digital) museum? Why: digitization has brought an adjustment to raison d’être and modus operandi. Institutions (and policy makers) are not clear on the effects of past digital practice on (future) digital collections Research question: What processes have Dutch museums followed to adopt information technologies and how are these reflected in the digital museum? Navarrete - A history of digitization
- 5. Definitions / limitations Digitization: adoption and adaptation of computers to the work process. Involves the use of digital means and results in an organizational transformation. A digital museum has fully adopted digitization. Digital collection: information about collections (digitized, born-digital). Includes data as well as the information system. Data can be text, image, video, sound. Information systems contain structures (e.g. thesauri). Population: Dutch museums (ca. 810). Most data available is from National museums (30), misrepresenting municipal, local and private museums. Case studies allowed deeper information access and analysis. Historic review: starts with the ‘first digitization subsidy’ (1969) and ends in 2013. First national history of digitization (in the world). Focus on museum sector but can inform other sectors. Navarrete - A history of digitization
- 6. The research object: the digital collection OCW OCW EU EU Policy Policy The digital collection is formed in response to three main forces: the museum providing the core collection, the policy makers, and the private Museum Museum consumer. M M Each provides and receives from participating in its making. The relations can be seen Visitor Visitor changing in time. Navarrete - A history of digitization
- 7. The research project: two dimensions Policy Policy Technology Technology Museum Museum + Financing Financing Visitor Visitor University University Historic Historic review review Maritime Maritime Literature Literature Case studies Case studies Economic Economic review review Art // Art theory theory History History Information Information Science Science Natural History // Natural History Science Science History History Future Future trends trends Ethnographic Ethnographic Navarrete - A history of digitization
- 8. The findings Adoption depends on interpretation Adoption depends on interpretation Benefits of being in the Network Benefits of being in the Network Communication with the public changes Communication with the public changes New set of definitions New set of definitions Navarrete - A history of digitization
- 9. The findings Adoption depends on interpretation Adoption depends on interpretation Museums encountered computers about 50 years ago. Computers were used as a tool for administration (inventory), now computers permeate work in the entire organization. It used to be about automating a process, now it is about being digital. SCOT Social Construction of Technology supports analysis in history: Interpretation and social positioning influences how technology is adapted, and adopted. For that, history must look at successes as well as failures. We appear to be at a closure moment, we agree computers are about being connected in a network of information. Navarrete - A history of digitization
- 10. The findings Adoption depends on the Network Adoption depends in interpretation Benefits of being on the Network Benefits of being in interpretation Museums used to work in isolation. Digitization has led to the formation of networks. Networks have benefits and disadvantages. Network theory serves to explain this: Disadvantages: they can be restrictive once the standard has been chosen. Leads to winner takes all, reducing variety. Benefits: grows with number of members (n2-n = a network of 10 has a value of 100). The new value of museums depends on their ability to be part of the network, with higher value to those that serve as nodes. Navarrete - A history of digitization
- 11. The findings Communication with on interpretation Adoption depends on public changes Communication withthe interpretation Adoption depends the public changes The visitor used to depend on the museum to see the collections. Digitization allows the museum to satisfy the information need of the visitor (e.g. using Google). This has represented a fundamental change in the way museums position themselves in society (raison d’être). Information science provides a communication model with key selection moments that determine the qualities of an exchange: The producer (museum) selects what to produce and how to distribute in the information market (the Internet). The consumer (visitor) selects what to use: the right information, in the format, in the right amount, at the right time (ideally free). Selection from the visitor gives value to digitization Navarrete - A history of the museum information.
- 12. The findings Adoption dependsdefinitions Adoption dependson interpretation New set of definitions New set of on interpretation The relevance of museums depends on their response to the networked market of information. It is not about using computers but about being digital: Changing the work process taking advantage of the new tool, opening the communication channels letting the visitor in, revising the concept of a collection including the digital side, expanding the borders of the museum being enrich by other information sources, reinventing the role in society positioning themselves as nodes, allowing their main asset (information) to flourish sharing with the network. Museum Museum Technology Technology Digital Digital www Museum Museum www Navarrete - A history of digitization
- 13. Thank you ! Ideas ? Comments ? Questions ? Navarrete - A history of digitization
Editor's Notes
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