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Modification in 802_22.h
int SuperframeCount;
int Superframe_Num[500];
double Superframe_time[500];
Copy the above code at Line 1224 in 802_22.h file](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/webinarcr-170531070322/85/NetSim-Webinar-on-Cognitive-Radio-Networks-40-320.jpg)
![www.tetcos.com
Modification in 802.22c
case TRANSMIT_SCH:
SuperframeCount+=1;
Superframe_Num[SuperframeCount-1]=SuperframeCount;
Superframe_time[SuperframeCount-1]=pstruEventDetails-
>dEventTime;
fn_NetSim_CR_TransmitSCH();
break;
Copy the above code(in red colour) at Line 89-91 in 802_22.c file(inside
TRANSMIT_SCH case of fn_NetSim_CR_Run() function)
SuperframeCount=0;
Copy the above line at Line 12 in 802_22.c file
(inside int fn_NetSim_CR_Init() function)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/webinarcr-170531070322/85/NetSim-Webinar-on-Cognitive-Radio-Networks-41-320.jpg)
![www.tetcos.com
Modification in 802.22c (contd..)
_declspec(dllexport) int fn_NetSim_CR_Metrics(char* file)
{
FILE *fp;
int i;
fp=fopen(file,"a+");
fprintf(fp,"#CR Superframe Metricsn");
fprintf(fp,"Superframe IDtTimen");
for(i=0;i<=SuperframeCount;i++)
fprintf(fp,"%dt%fn",Superframe_Num[i],Superframe_time[i]);
return fn_NetSim_CR_Metrics_F(file);
}
Copy the above code(in red colour) at Line 147 in 802_22.c file(inside
fn_NetSim_CR_Metrics function)](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/webinarcr-170531070322/85/NetSim-Webinar-on-Cognitive-Radio-Networks-42-320.jpg)
NetSim Webinar on Cognitive Radio Networks
- 1. www.tetcos.com NetSim v9Model - Predict - Validate Network Simulation/Emulation Platform TM
- 2. www.tetcos.com Webinar Contents 1. Why use a Network Simulator for research ? 2. Introduction to NetSim 3. Cognitive Radio Basics 4. Designing Cognitive Radio networks using NetSim 5. Modifying Cognitive Radio source C code in NetSim 6. How to develop custom metrics? 7. Q & A
- 3. www.tetcos.com 1. Why use a Network Simulator for research ?
- 4. www.tetcos.com Communication Networks have become too complex for traditional analytical methods or “rules of thumb” to provide an accurate understanding of system behavior and possible problems and solutions
- 5. www.tetcos.com I. Networking traffic will quadruple by 2017 driven by wireless & mobile communication II. 2+ billion videos watched online every day III. Mobiles, tablets & sensors to join with existing internet cloud to form “network of things” I. Mobile Ad-hoc Networks II. Wireless Sensor Networks III. Cognitive Radio IV. LTE / LTE-A V. Internet of Things (IOT) 50 % of all research papers in IEEE & ACM refer a Network Simulator Observations in computer networking domain Key areas of research & development
- 7. www.tetcos.com NetSim is a popular tool for Network Design, Network R & D and defence applications. It allows users to create network scenarios, model traffic and study network performance metrics Wide range of technologies across LAN, WAN, Wireless, Cellular, Cognitive Radio, Sensor Networks, IOT and LTE as per international Standards Open architecture with protocol C source code for users to write, link and de-bug.
- 8. www.tetcos.com NetSim - Customer Segments • Enterprise – Network design – Network validation • Defence – Network Centric Warfare • R&D Labs – Protocol Development – New Technology testing • Academic – Network Labs (B.Tech/BS), – Advanced Network Labs(M.Tech/MS) – ECE,CSE,IT – Phd thesis/M.Tech Projects
- 9. www.tetcos.com Architecture Network Stack in NetSim Example of Internetwork Protocols Kernel
- 10. www.tetcos.com Standards Implemented Component No Networks / Protocols International Standards Component 1 (Base. Required for all components) Internetworks: Ethernet - Fast & Gigabit, Address Resolution Protocol, WLAN - 802.11 a, b, g , n, ac and e, Propagation - Free space, Log-normal Shadowing, Rayleigh Fading, IPv4 with VPN, Firewalls, Routing - RIP, OSPF, Queuing - Round Robin, FIFO, Priority, TCP, UDP. Common Modules Applications: Traffic Generator: Voice, Video, FTP, Database, HTTP, Email, Peer-to-peer and Custom. Virtual Network Stack, Simulation Kernel Command Line Interface, Metrics Engine with packet and event trace, Packet Animator IEEE 802.3, RFC 826 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac/e, RFC 2453,2328, RFC's 793, 2001 and 768 Component 2 Legacy Networks: Aloha - Pure & Slotted, CSMA/CD, Token Ring, Token Bus, ATM, X.25, Frame Relay, Multi-Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) IEEE 802.3, IEEE 802.4, IEEE 802.5, ATM Forum, ITU Forum, IETF RFC 3031 Component 3 BGP Networks: Border Gateway Protocol (BGP) IETF, RFC’s 1771 & 3121 Component 4 Advanced Wireless Networks: MANET - DSR, AODV, OLSR, ZRP, Wi-Max IETF, RFC 4728, 3561, 3626, IEEE 802.16d Component 5 Cellular Networks - GSM, CDMA 3GPP, ETSI, IMT-MC, IS-95 A/B, IxRTT, 1x- EV-Do, 3xRTT
- 11. www.tetcos.com Standards Implemented Component No Networks / Protocols International Standards Component 6 (Component 4 required) Wireless Sensor Networks, IOT & Personal Area Networks: WSN with agent model & battery models ZigBee IEEE 802.15.4 MAC, MANET in L3 Component 7 Cognitive Radio Networks WRAN IEEE 802.22 Component 8 Long Term Evolution LTE 3GPP Component 9 (Component 4 required) Military Radio TDMA Link 16 --
- 12. www.tetcos.com What’s new in NetSim v9 1. New Technologies – Internet of things – 802.11 ac (Gigabit Wi-fi) – Rate adaptation algorithm for WLAN – Military Radios: HF, UHF and VHF Bands 2. Network Emulator Add-on Module – Connect NetSim to Real Devices running Live Application 3. Interfacing with softwares – MATLAB interface – Wireshark Interface 4. Accelerated and multithreaded kernel – Approx. 40x times faster than v8.3 for large simulations 5. Simulation Scale up – Pro version tested up to 100,000 devices
- 14. IEEE 802.22 WRAN Cognitive Radio Networks(CRN)
- 15. www.tetcos.com
- 16. www.tetcos.com
- 17. Spectrum Crunch Spectrum crunch refers to the potential lack of sufficient wireless frequency spectrum needed to support a growing number of consumer devices, along with various government and private sector uses of radio frequencies within a broad spectrum allocated for different types of wireless communications. But…..
- 18. The goal for the Spectrum Occupancy Measurements at Chicago was to gain a better understanding of the actual utilization of spectrum in this dense urban environment with the potential to identify spectrum bands with low occupancy
- 19. Source : Spectrum Occupancy Measurements Chicago, Illinois November 16-18, 2005
- 20. Spectrum measurements indicate that there are: – Heavy spectrum utilization in unlicensed bands (e.g., ISM band) – Low (e.g., TV bands) or medium (e.g., some cellular bands) spectrum utilization in licensed band Cognitive radio (CR) technology is a promising technology for efficient utilization of the available spectrum.
- 21. What is Cognitive Radio • Cognitive radio is a wireless communication system which is aware of the environment and its changes and can adapt its transmission parameters accordingly. Cognitive Capability: The ability to sense the unused spectrum at a specific time and location. Reconfigurability: The ability to receive and transmit at different frequency band enables the cognitive radio to reconfigure its parameters and select the best band. – This operates in 54 MHz to 862 MHz band.
- 23. Components • Primary network ◦ Primary users: Primary users have the license to operate in certain spectrum bands ◦ Primary base station: Controls the access of primary users to spectrum • Secondary network ◦ Secondary users: Secondary users have no licensed bands assigned to them. ◦ Secondary base-station: A fixed infrastructure component with cognitive radio capabilities and provides single hop connection to secondary users.
- 25. 4. Designing Cognitive Radio networks using NetSim
- 26. 3. Cognitive Radio Basics (Contd)
- 27. Super Frame Structure Each frame consists of: • Superframe preamble: is used for time synchronization • Frame preamble: is used for channel estimation • Superframe Control Header (SCH): carries BS MAC address along with the schedule of quiet periods for sensing, as well as other information about the cell
- 28. Super Frame Structure At the beginning of every superframe, the BS shall transmit the superframe preamble and the SCH on the operating channel. In order to associate with a base station, a CPE must receive the SCH to establish communication with the BS. During each MAC frame, the BS shall manage the upstream and downstream operations, which may include ordinary data communication, measurement activities, coexistence procedures, and so on.
- 29. Frame Structure A frame is comprised of two parts: a downstream (DS) subframe and an upstream (US) subframe. The boundary between the DS and US subframes shall be adaptive to adjust to the downstream and upstream relative capacity. The upstream subframe may contain scheduled upstream PHY PDUs, each transmitted from different CPEs for their upstream traffic. The FCH specifies the burst profile and the length of either the DS-MAP, if transmitted, or the US-MAP. If neither, the DS-MAP nor the US-MAP is transmitted, the value shall be set to zero.
- 31. 4. Designing Cognitive Radio networks using NetSim (Contd)
- 32. Typical Cognitive Radio Applications
- 33. References Cognitive Wireless RAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications: Policies and Procedures for Operation in the TV Bands by IEEE Computer Society Spectrum Occupancy Measurements Chicago, Illinois November 16-18, 2005 by Mark A. McHenry, Dan McCloskey, Dennis Roberson, John T. MacDonald Detection the Spectrum Holes in the Primary Bandwidth of the Cognitive Radio Systems in Presence Noise and Attenuation by Ahmed S. Kadhim, Haider M. AlSabbagh Cognitive radio - The IEEE 802.22 standard by Dr.-Ing. Mohamed Kalil
- 34. 5. Modifying Cognitive Radio source C code in NetSim
- 35. www.tetcos.com Writing Custom Code • Source C codes for all protocols are provided along with • Users can modify code and link custom code to NetSim • Integrated debugging, animation and tracing available for custom code
- 36. www.tetcos.com Custom code - Hands on • To access Protocol Source Code – NetSim Installation Directory (C:Program Files (x86)NetSim Standard) “src” folder “Simulation” folder NOTE- Please make a copy of the “Simulation” folder before making any modification Editing Protocol for “Hello World” Program
- 37. www.tetcos.com Reduce your learning curve - APIs • NetSim provides a wide variety of API’s for protocol developers. These are available as: • packet.h - Packet related API’s E.g. Create_Packet( ), Copy_Packet( ), Free_Packet( ) etc • stack.h - Network/device/link and event related API’s E.g. Get_Device_IP( ), Get_Connected_Link( ), Add_Event( ) etc • list.h - Optimized list operation calls since NetSim uses lists extensively E.g. Add_to_list( ), Sort_list( ) etc • NetSim_Graph.h – This is used for plotting graphs using GNU plot • IP_Addressing.h – For setting & getting IP address per the appropriate format E.g. Convert_IP_to_string( ), Compare_IP( ) etc . . . and many more
- 38. www.tetcos.com 6. How to develop custom metrics?
- 39. www.tetcos.com • In NetSim, users can add their own customized metrics in the Performance metrics window. • Users need to edit the Backend C source code in order to get the metrics. • An example regarding Cognitive radio is provided. – In this example, users will print the number of Superframes and the time at which they start, in the performance metrics
- 40. www.tetcos.com Modification in 802_22.h int SuperframeCount; int Superframe_Num[500]; double Superframe_time[500]; Copy the above code at Line 1224 in 802_22.h file
- 41. www.tetcos.com Modification in 802.22c case TRANSMIT_SCH: SuperframeCount+=1; Superframe_Num[SuperframeCount-1]=SuperframeCount; Superframe_time[SuperframeCount-1]=pstruEventDetails- >dEventTime; fn_NetSim_CR_TransmitSCH(); break; Copy the above code(in red colour) at Line 89-91 in 802_22.c file(inside TRANSMIT_SCH case of fn_NetSim_CR_Run() function) SuperframeCount=0; Copy the above line at Line 12 in 802_22.c file (inside int fn_NetSim_CR_Init() function)
- 42. www.tetcos.com Modification in 802.22c (contd..) _declspec(dllexport) int fn_NetSim_CR_Metrics(char* file) { FILE *fp; int i; fp=fopen(file,"a+"); fprintf(fp,"#CR Superframe Metricsn"); fprintf(fp,"Superframe IDtTimen"); for(i=0;i<=SuperframeCount;i++) fprintf(fp,"%dt%fn",Superframe_Num[i],Superframe_time[i]); return fn_NetSim_CR_Metrics_F(file); } Copy the above code(in red colour) at Line 147 in 802_22.c file(inside fn_NetSim_CR_Metrics function)
- 43. www.tetcos.com • Please follow the same procedure as with custom code editing • Create Dll file and copy to NetSim bin folder • Create a Cognitive Radio scenario with default properties • Simulate for time = 2 secs (for faster simulation)
- 44. www.tetcos.com Education - International Defence / Space / Industry Over 300+ Customers across 15 countries Education - India
- 45. www.tetcos.com Research Areas Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) • Energy efficiency and power management • Efficient protocol design and operation • Self configuration and fault tolerance • Routing • Localization • LEACH Cognitive Radio Networks (WRAN) • Spectrum sensing and incumbent detection • Spectrum allocation • Geolocation and location based services • Interference analysis, measurement and modeling of spectrum usage • Protocol architecture Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET) • Routing protocols - Location based, Power aware etc • QoS in adhoc networks • Intrusion detection • Performance Analysis • Vehicular adhoc networks Internet Of Things (IOT) • Seamless integration of heterogeneous devices • Network architecture for IOT • Energy management and sustainable operation of IOT • 6LoWPAN based IOT design • Modeling and simulation of large scale IOT networks
- 46. www.tetcos.com 7. Q & A Session Note: Depending on the available time, we will try to cover all your questions. In case your query is not answered, we assure you to answer your question via email.
- 47. www.tetcos.com For technical information contact Visit: www.tetcos.com E-mail: sales@tetcos.com Tele-fax: +91 80 2663 062411 For Commercial information, please contact our local channel partner available at http://tetcos.com/listcp.html