Newer research tools for qualitative data in social science
- 2. INDIRA GANDHI KRISHI VISHWAVIDYALAYA RAIPUR (C.G.) Submitted To: • Dr. Ajay kumar Gauraha HOD Dept. of MBA(ABM) • Mr. Sanjay Kumar Joshi Asst. Prof. Dept. of MBA(ABM) Seminar On Newer research tools for qualitative data in Social Science ABM-591 Submitted By: Sarita Ghidode MBA(ABM) 1st yr. 2nd Sem. CoA, (Raipur)
- 3. Content • Introduction of Social Science • Definition of Social Science Research • Relevance of Social Science Research • Objectives of Social Science Research • What is Qualitative Data • Research tools used in Qualitative Data • Why is Qualitative research in important • Problems with Qualitative studies include • Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Data • Conclusion • References
- 4. Social Science • Sciences are divided into Natural Science and Social Science • Social sciences include various disciplines dealing with human life, human behaviour, social groups and social institutions • Include Behaviour Science, Commerce, Economics, Education, Law, History, Psychology, Public Administration, Sociology, Social Work etc. • Social science is not like the pure sciences like physics, chemistry and biology • Human behaviour is very complex • It is difficult to predict the human behaviour in different situations
- 5. Social Science research • Systematic method of exploring, analysing and conceptualising human life to extent and correct or verify knowledge of human behaviour and social life.
- 6. Relevance of Social Science research • Discovery of facts and their interpretation • Diagnosis of problems and their analysis • Systematisation of knowledge • Control over social phenomenon • Prediction • Development planning • Social welfare Objectives of social science Research… • Understand the human behaviour and its interaction with the environment and the social institutions • Find out the causal connection between human activities and natural laws • To develop new scientific tools, concepts and theories
- 7. What is Qualitative Data? • Qualitative data deals with characteristics and descriptors that can’t be easily measured, but can be observed subjectively- such as smells, tastes, textures, attractiveness, and color. • Qualitative data is used to understand human behaviour from informant’s perspective • Qualitative data is not numeric, it uses descriptions • Typically, qualitative data is arranged into different variables o Qualitative variable A phenomena that cannot be described meaningfully in terms of numbers • Examples of a Qualitative variable: hair color Letter grades Different types of cars in a parking lot
- 8. Newer Research Tools for Qualitative Data • Qualitative Data is most used for studies at the individual level Research Tools For Qualitative data: • Interviews • Observations • Focus Groups • Combination Research
- 9. Interviews: An interview is a face-t-face conversation between two Individuals with the sole purpose of collecting relevant information to satisfy a research purpose. Interviews are of different types namely: Structured, Semi-structured and unstructured with each having a slight variation from the other. • Structured Interviews- Simply put, it is a verbally administered questionnaire. In terms of depth, it is surface level and is usually completed within a short period. For speed and efficiency, it is highly recommendable, but it lacks depth.
- 10. • Semi-structured Interviews- In this method, there subsist several key questions which cover the scope of the areas to be explored. It allows a little more leeway for the researcher to explore the subject matter. • Unstructured Interviews - It is an in-depth interview that allows the researcher to collect a wide range of information with a purpose. An advantage of this method is the freedom it gives a researcher to combine structure with flexibility even though it is more time-consuming. For collecting data through interviews, here are a few tools you can use to easily collect data. Audio Recorder Digital Camera Camcorder
- 11. Observations: Observations are the most direct method of getting information about people’s behaviour. In everyday life we all frequently observe other people. There is a range of methods for systematically observing other people. These range from participant observation through to highly structured and targeted observations. The best tools for Observation are: Checklists Direct observation
- 12. Focus Groups: The opposite of quantitative research which involves numerical based data, this data collection method focuses more on qualitative research. It falls under the primary category for data based on the feelings and opinions of the respondents. This research involves asking open-ended questions to a group of individuals usually ranging from 6-10 people, to provide feedback. The best tools for tackling Focus Groups are: To-way Dueling-Moderator
- 13. Combination Research: This method of data collection encompasses the use of innovative methods to enhance participation to both individuals and groups. Also under the primary category, it is a combination of Interviews and Focus Groups while collecting qualitative data. This method is key when addressing sensitive subjects. The best tools for combination research are: Online Survey Dual-Moderator Why is Qualitative Research Important? • Qualitative data tools at how and why of human decision making. • It looks at phenomena naturally, and does not manipulate variables. • The data is used to develop concepts and theories that help us understand the social world
- 14. • The data is used to develop concepts and theories that help us understand the social world • Qualitative data can be used in various ways depending on the discipline. Problems with qualitative studies include • More time consuming • Masses of data to transcribe • More difficult to code data • Not applicable to widely dispersed social settings • Generally only a case study with limited applicability to other situations • Usually gives only nominal level data, difficult to quantify • Difficult to control for researcher bias
- 15. Advantages and Disadvantages of Qualitative Data Advantages: • It helps in depth analysis • Understand what customers think • Rich data Disadvantages: • Time consuming • Not easy to generalize • Dependent on the researcher’s skills
- 16. CONCLUSION • Qualitative research focuses on interpretation of phenomena in their natural settings to make sense in terms of the meanings people bring to these settings. • Qualitative research as attempting to understand the unique interactions in a particular situation. • On validity, Qualitative research is much more focused on demonstrating the causes of bias rather than eliminating them. • There should be a clear and consistent method for coding and analysing data, and it should be clear how the coding and analytical strategies were derived.
- 17. References • https://www.sltinfo.com/research-tools-used-in-social-science/ • https://slideplayer.com/slide/4712126/ • https://www.igi-global.com/chapter/introduction/124674 • www.questionpro.com/blog/qualitative-data/amp/ • https://www.formpl.us/blog/data-collection-method
- 18. Thank you